Jurnal Biologi UNAND
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Studi Etnobotani Pemanfaatan Tumbuhan Obat Tradisional oleh Masyarakat Nagari Sijunjung
Full text linkMinangkabau is one of the ethnics that uses plants as medicine. In this ethnobotanical study, the aim was to find out the use of plants as medicine by the people of Sijunjung. Data collection was carried out directly by interviewing native people. From the result known that there are about 42 types of plants used by the indigenous people of Sijunjung as medicine. Of the 42 types of plants used, sitawa (Costus speciosus) is the most widely used plant in the treatment of fever. Almost all plants used as medicine are taken orally
INVENTARISASI CAPUNG (ODONATA) YANG BERKUNJUNG KE PERUMAHAN DI KOTA BENGKULU, SUMATERA
Full text linkCapung (Odonata) merupakan serangga karnivora yang secara global mencapai sekitar 7000 jenis. Penelitian capung selama ini lebih banyak dilakukan pada habitat alami, dengan sedikit perhatian diberikan pada habitat yang sudah mengalami degradasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi jenis capung yang berkunjung ke perumahan di daerah Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini mengobservasi capung dewasa yang masuk ke dalam perumahan di Bentiring, Kota Bengkulu dalam periode 2020-2023. Sebagai hasil, tercatat total 43 individu yang memasuki perumahan selama pengamatan yang kemudian diidentifikasi menjadi 10 jenis, 8 genera, 3 famili dari dua subordo Odonata. Subordo Zygoptera diwakili oleh Agriocnemis femina (Coenagrionidae), sedangkan dari subordo Anisoptera tercatat Anacaeschna jaspidea, Gynacantha bayadera, G. dohrni, dan G. subinterrupta (Aeshnidae) serta Orthetrum sabina, Pantala flavescens, Potamarcha congener, Tholymis tillarga, dan Zyxomma petiolatum (Libellulidae). Periode Januari, Februari dan Oktober merupakan waktu terbanyak individu Odonata tercatat memasuki rumah, dimana 87% insiden tercatat pada waktu malam hari dan 13% di sore hari. Gynacantha bayadera, G. dohrni, Orthetrum sabina dan Zyxomma petiolatum merupakan jenis dengan jumlah individu signifikan teramati. Kata kunci: Aeshnidae, Gynacantha bayadera, G. dohrni, Libellulidae, Orthetrum sabin
Pengaruh Benzil Aminopurin (BAP) terhadap Induksi Tunas dari Nodus anggrek Dendrobium mussauense
Full text linkDendrobium mussauense has attractive flowers and potential as a parent of a hybrid orchid. The color of this species is cream with violaceous purple venations on the labellum. D. mussauense is an orchid species listed as vulnerable in IUCN. This species is not located in protected areas nor known to be conserved ex-situ. Clonal propagation is an important biotechnological tool for the conservation of orchids. Thin cell layer (TCL) is a micropropagation method using thin-sized explants that facilitate the diffusion of nutrients to tissues. This study examined induction shoot through two explant cutting techniques, namely TCL and non-TCL explant, at various concentrations of BAP. The non-TCL explant was more effective than the TCL explant in inducing the shoot of D. mussauense. The half-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 0.9 mg.L-1 BAP was a suitable concentration to induce the shoot of D. mussauense through non-TCL explant. The average shoot length was 1,8 cm, and the average number of shoots was 5/explant
Potensi Jamur Endofit dari Daun Jambu Nasi-Nasi (Syzygium zeylanicum) sebagai Antibiotik Alami dalam Mengobati Jerawat
No full textEndophytic fungi are microscopic organisms that live in leaves, stem bark and root bark at certain periods by forming colonies without harming their hosts, and even have a mutually beneficial relationship. Endophytic fungi generally produce secondary metabolites that have useful biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral and anticancer. Endophytic fungi can be found in various types of plants, especially in medicinal plants, such as Syzygium zeylanicum, which is one of the many medicinal plants found in Indonesia. A total of 6 endophytic fungal isolates were successfully isolated from the nasi-nasi guava, namely Septonema, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Trichoderma aureoviridae, Acremonium, Sclerotium, Scopulariopsis asperula. Antibacterial activity was carried out using the agar diffusion method. The percentage of antibacterial activity values shows that SL1, SL2, SL3, SL4, SL5 and SL 6 all have strong antibacterial activity against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, while for the bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis it is found that isolates SL1, SL4 and SL6 have strong antibacterial activity and isolates SL2, SL3 and SL5 had moderate antibacterial activity. This category shows that the extract of the endophytic fungus Syzygium zeyanicum has antibacterial potential
KOMPOSISI DAN STRUKTUR FITOPLANKTON DI PERAIRAN SUNGAI PADA KAWASAN PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT PT. BINTARA TANI NUSANTARA, PASAMAN BARAT, SUMATERA BARAT
Full text linkPerkembangan perkebunan dan pabrik kelapa sawit yang begitu pesat dapat berpotensi menimbulkan berbagai masalah lingkungan salah satunya limbah cair kelapa sawit yang dibuang ke perairan sungai. Dengan adanya buangan limbah cair kelapa sawit akan menyebabkan gangguan terhadap biota perairan salah satunya fitoplankton yang ada di lokasi tersebut. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan April hingga September 2023 di Perairan Sungai pada Kawasan Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit PT. Bintara Tani Nusantara (BTN) Pasaman Barat, Sumatera Barat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui komposisi dan struktur fitoplankton. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei dan pengambilan sampel secara purposive random sampling. Hasil didapatkan 95 spesies, 30 famili dan 10 kelas fitoplankton. Kepadatan total fitoplankton berkisar 2,08-18,83 ind./l. Indeks diversitas fitoplankton termasuk kedalam kategori sedang hingga tinggi dengan indeks equitabilitas tergolong cukup merata hingga hampir merata dan tidak ada spesies yang mendominasi. Faktor fisika kimia masih sesuai untuk pertumbuhan fitoplankton
SEBARAN SPASIAL SUHU PERMUKAAN LAUT DAN KLOROFIL-a PADA DAERAH PENANGKAPAN IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis) DI PERAIRAN SUMATERA BARAT
Full text linkWest Sumatra waters is one of the potential fishing grounds for skipjack tuna. Oceanographic factors become the primary factors that limit the distribution and abundance of fish. This research aims to understand the spatial distribution of chlorophyll-a and sea surface temperature, and their utility for estimating potential fishing areas in the waters of West Sumatra. The data collection of fish catching area coordinates was carried out from June to July 2023. The sea surface temperature and chlorophyll-a data were downloaded from the website http://oceancolor.gsfc.nasa.gov. The research results found that the sea surface temperature in the waters of West Sumatra from June to July 2023 ranged between 27.9°C to 33.5°C, with an average of 30.25°C, while the chlorophyll-a ranged from 0.014 mg/m3 to 1.684 mg/m3, with an average value of 0.9515 mg/m3. The potential fishing areas for Skipjack Tuna identified during the research in the waters of West Sumatra were around Siberut Island in the Mentawai Islands, at the coordinates of 98°98’15.43"E and 01°97’32.35"S 99°27’67.95"E and 01°98’71.43"S
Analisis Vegetasi Tumbuhan Bawah Pada Lahan Bekas Tambang Batubara Pt. Allied Indo Coal Jaya Kota Sawahlunto
Full text linkPT. Allied Indo Coal Jaya Sawahlunto City is a coal mining area. Research on Analysis of Understorey Vegetation on Ex-CoalMining Land at PT. AICJ has been carried out in June-August 2021. This study aims to determine the composition and structureof understorey vegetation. Vegetation analysis was carried out using the quadratic method with plots laid by purposive sampling.The plots were made of 15 plots on ex-coal mining land in 1990 and 2007 with a plot size of 2x2 m each. Based on the results ofthe former coal mining area in 1990, it was found that the Asteraceae family was dominant (24.35%), Chromolaena odorata (L.)R.M.King & H.Rob. as the highest INP (18.73%), high diversity index (3.153%), and high evenness index (0.946). In the ex-coalmining area in 2007, the Poaceae family was found to be dominant (39.01%), Paspalum conjugatum P.J. Bergius with the highestINP (40.67%), moderate diversity index (2.861), and high evenness index (0.912). The similarity index between the two locationsis quite high,namely70.50%
Ant Species Composition Collected by Pan Traps in a Rehabilitated Coal Mining Area in Sawahlunto City, West Sumatra
No full textPan traps is a popular technique for determining the diversity of pollinating insects in different settings. These traps are effective for field use and can quickly produce sample data because they are simple to operate and don't require any specific equipment to be deployed. Pan traps, however, also catch a variety of non-pollinator insects in addition to pollinating insects. In this study, the Pan traps methods were used in three different habitat types: rice-field, Acacia agroforestry and secondary forest on reclaimed coal mining site. Fourteen members of the Formicidae family with 11 species, 9 genera, 8 tribes, and 3 subfamilies were found from all of the combined traps. The most common species, with four records, was Camponotus arrogans, which was regularly found in all types of habitat. With 9 species and 14 individuals, blue pan traps caught the greatest diversity of ant species, while yellow pan traps were the least successful with one species and one individual. Comprehending the variables that impact ant diversity and abundance in various habitat types, as well as their interactions with the environment, can yield significant insights on the quality of habitats and function as markers of environmental alterations. This information is essential for the management of habitats and conservation initiatives
Struktur Komunitas Plankton di Beberapa Jenis Kolam Ikan Lele (Clarias batrachus)
Full text linkThe plankton community structure is a collection of zooplankton and phytoplankton populations that interact with each other in a waters. This study aims to analyze the structure of the plankton community and the influence of environmental conditions (physico-chemical) on the structure of the plankton community in the ponds. The research sample was taken using a purposive sampling method, which represents three types of catfish ponds, namely, earthen ponds, tarpaulins, and biofloc. The results showed that in the three types of ponds studied, there were two species of zooplankton and 45 species of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton in soil ponds was dominated by Stigeoclonium subsecundum. Meanwhile, the zooplankton was dominated by Nebela collaris. Diversity (H') of zooplankton is in the low category with polluted water quality in the three ponds, while phytoplankton is in the high-low category. The equitability index (E) of zooplankton is in the stable category, while phytoplankton is in the depressed-stable category. The dominance index (D) of zooplankton belongs to the medium-low category, while phytoplankton belongs to the low category. As for the physico-chemical parameters of the waters, the three types of ponds have different effects from each parameter tested on the structure of the plankton community
Complementary Molecular Data for Two Species from Herbarium Bogoriense: Sphaerobolus stellatus and Trichaleurina javanica
Full text linkA micro-mushroom namely Sphaerobolus stellatus (BO 24422) and macro-mushroom namely Trichaleurina javanica (BO 24420) were found in Landscape Arboretum of IPB University. The latest identification used morphological characteristic and molecular study of Large Subunit DNA marker respectively. According to their identification, the database of fungal identification is commonly from Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) marker for molecular study. But both specimens, S. stellatus BO 24422 and T. javanica BO 24420, have not the ITS sequences yet. This research aim to study the molecular data of two specimens using ITS sequences. The method of this research used the molecular identification using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primer: ITS 4 as a forward and ITS 5 as a reverse. Two phylogenetic trees were generated by Randomized Axelarated Maximum Likelihood (RAxML) Black box. Bootstrap (BS) values ≥ 90% were displayed on the phylogenetic treebranches. The result showed that the bootstrap value for S. stellatus BO 24422  showed the good value as 96% classified as S. stellatus. Then, T. javanica BO 24420  had a better BS value with 93% classified as T. javanica. The ITS is a general marker and very useful for molecular identification.Â