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The Association between Sociodemographic Characteristics, Creativity and Occupational Stress among Nurses Working in Ilam Hospitals, Iran (2019)
No full textBackground: Nursing occupation can be stressful, with various practical factors, and nurse creativity plays a significant role in clinical nursing success. This study aims to determine nurses' association of socio-demographic characteristics and creativity with occupational stress. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 200 nurses working in teaching hospitals in Ilam, Iran in 2019. Sampling was performed by the simple random method. Data collection tools included socio-demographic, job stress, and Abedi creativity questionnaire (CT). Data analysis was performed using SPSS software v.21. One-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used to compare the mean occupational stress scores among different sociodemographic groups. The Pearson correlation test investigated the associations between occupational stress and creativity, and a general linear model was used to determine a correlation between occupational stress and soci-demographic characteristics. Results: About 73 of nurses had low and 25 had no occupational stress (score: >3.5), There was correlation between occupational stress and creativity (p>0.001, r= 0.25) and sub-domains: fluidity (p >0.001, r= 0.26), innovation (p= 0.003, r= 0.20), and flexibility (r = 0.25, p <0.001). There was significant correlation between occupational stress and socio-demographic characteristics, including education status, work experience, number of night shifts per month, and satisfaction with hospital employment. Conclusion: we concluded that health managers should help with spoting creativity to solve health system problems by providing a stress-free environment. © The Author(s) 2022; All rights reserved. Published by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences Press
Developing a Minimum Dataset for a Mobile-based Contact Tracing System for the COVID-19 Pandemic
No full textContext: Contact tracing is a cornerstone community-based measure for augmenting public health response preparedness to epidemic diseases such as the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is no an agreed data collection tool for the unified reporting of COVID-19 contact tracing efforts at the national level. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to determine the COVID-19 Contact Tracing Minimal Dataset (COV-CT-MDS) as a prerequisite to develop a mobile-based contact tracing system for the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods: This study was carried out in 2020 by a combination of literature review coupled with a two-round Delphi survey. First, the probable data elements were identified using an extensive literature review in scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Science Direct, and Web of Science (WOS). Then, the core data elements were validated using a two-round Delphi survey. Results: Out of 388 articles, 24 were eligible to be included in the study. By the full-text study of the included articles and after the Delphi survey, the designed COV-CT-MDS was categorized into two clinical and administrative data sections, nine data classes, and 81 data fields. Conclusions: COV-CT-MDS is an efficient and valid tool that could provide a basis for collecting comprehensive and standardized data on COVID-19 contact tracing. It could also provide scientific teamwork for health care authorities, which may lead to the enhanced quality of documentation, research, and surveillance outcomes. © 2021, Author(s)
Performance evaluation of machine learning for breast cancer diagnosis: A case study
No full textIntroduction: Breast cancer (BC) is one of the most common and aggressive malignancies in women worldwide. It is proven that machine learning (ML) could rapidly and cost-effectively diagnose BC. This study aimed to develop and test predictive models for BC based on women's lifestyle factors using several basic and ensemble machine learning (ML) classifiers. Methods: Data of 1503 suspected BC cases were retrospectively extracted from a hospital-based electronic database. First, important risk factors were identified using wrapper-J48, wrapper-SVM, wrapper-NB, logistic regression (LR), and correlation-based feature selection (CFS) methods. Then the performance of five basic ML algorithms, including Naïve Bayes (NB), Bayesian network (BNeT), random forest (RF), multilayer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), C4.5, eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), decision tree and two ensemble algorithms, including Confidence weighted voting and Voting were compared to predict BC before and after performing feature section (FS). We utilized SPSS 20 and Weka software version 3.8.4 to analyze the data. Implementation of ML models was also performed in R 3.5.0. Results: The RF algorithm presented the best performance before and after performing FS with AUC of 0.799 and 0.798, respectively. Also, the best model's combination using the Confidence weighted voting method improved the classifier performance and achieved the best result with an 80 AUC. Conclusions: The results showed that ensemble ML algorithms represented higher ability than basic methods. The developed models can accurately classify individuals who are at high risk for BC, and can be employed as a screening tool for the early BC detection. © 202
Evaluation of antinuclear antibodies in pregnant women with abortion with toxocariasis and toxoplasmosis in Iran
No full textObjective: Toxoplasma gondii, Toxocara spp, and antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) have been reported as a cause of abortion. To determine the prevalence rate of T. gondii, Toxocara spp, and ANAs in aborted women, and to investigate the association between infection and the number of the sociodemographic estimated risk factors. Methods: This study was carried out in aborted women referred to the Qaem hospital in Mashhad city (Razavi Khorasan Province). Serum samples were examined for the presence of Antinuclear Antibody (IgG antibodies), anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM antibodies, and IgG anti-toxocariasis spp antibodies by ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay) kit. Data like contact with animals’ cats and dogs, age, and Type of cause of abortion (in most cases) were collected as risk factors for the prevalence of infection. Results: Out of 162 total samples of pregnant women were collected, 28 were positive for T. gondii IgG, and 2 IgM, anti-Toxocara spp IgG antibodies were detected in 12 and Antinuclear antibodies detected in 31 in pregnant women with abortion. Co-infection of T. gondii and Toxocara spp detected in 9, also ANAs detected in cases with T. gondii in 24 and 10 with Toxocara spp. ANAs showed positivity with co-infection of T. gondii and Toxocara spp in 8. This study showed a significant association between infection of each T. gondii, Toxocara spp, and ANAs with age and animal contact such as cats and dogs. Conclusion: These study findings indicated that there is a relatively high prevalence of T. gondii, Toxocara spp, and ANAs in pregnant women with abortion. The coexistence of two agents or of one with ANAs increases the risk of abortion. All of them showed association with age and contact with domestic animals like cats and dogs. © 2022. Turk Hijyen ve Deneysel Biyoloji Dergisi. All Rights Reserved
Comparison of visfatin levels in patients with breast cancer and endometrial cancer with healthy individuals: A systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground and aimsEndometrial cancer (EC) and breast cancer (BC) are prevalent in women. Visfatin is an adipokine that, in addition to being involved in metabolism and inflammation, may also be interested in carcinogenesis. Visfatin measurement in cancer patients has shown that visfatin levels in cancer patients differed from those in healthy subjects. Various studies have shown that the level of visfatin is increased in people within EC and BC, and this difference has a significant relationship with prognosis. MethodsA comprehensive search of related articles from PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Google Scholar database was done by November 2021. Eligible articles measured visfatin levels in patients with breast cancer and EC. After selecting the eligible studies, the data were extracted and analyzed using the random effect method. ResultsGiven the effect size and the confidence interval obtained, the total level of visfatin in cancer patients was different from that in healthy individuals, and this difference was statistically significant. However, the difference in visfatin levels in patients with breast cancer was much more significant than in patients with EC compared to the control group. ConclusionsDue to the significant increase in visfatin levels in these patients, visfatin may be a potential prognostic factor in breast and ECs. Visfatin levels in cancer patients differed from those in healthy subjects, and this difference was also statistically significant (p-values = 0.00). Visfatin levels also differed between breast cancer patients and healthy individuals, which was statistically significant (p-values = 0.00). The difference in visfatin levels between patients with EC and healthy subjects was statistically significant (p-values = 0.047)
EFFECT OF DULOXETINE ON PAIN RELIEF IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ARTHROPLASTY SURGERY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
No full textDuloxetine is a dual reuptake inhibitor of norepinephrine and serotonin. Serotonin or 5-hydroxytryptamine acts by affecting a wide range of receptors, including the 5-HT2A receptor, which plays a role in modulating neuropathic or inflammatory pain. This systematic review was aimed to consider the effect of duloxetine on reducing the pain in patients undergoing arthroplasty surgery. Articles with key words "Pain, Duloxetine, Postoperative pain, Total knee arthroplasty, Arthroplasty" were searched in four international databases PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Web of Science. Nine articles which fulfilled the inclusion/exclusion criteria were selected of which 3 were conducted in China, 3 in Korea, 1 in Netherlands, and 2 in the USA. In three studies duloxetine was used in a dose of 30 mg, while in all other studies 60 mg was used. In all reviewed articles (except for the two), duloxetine reduced the pain of total knee arthroplasty patients. It is therefore recommended to prescribe this drug to reduce the pain in these patients, while recommending more studies in this field
Translation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Audit of Diabetes Dependent Quality of Life (IR-ADDQoL)
No full textBackground: This study aimed to undertake linguistic validation and assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Audit of Diabetes-Dependent Quality of Life (IR-ADDQoL) questionnaire in Iranian patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Methods: The gold-standard linguistic-validation procedure required by the developer of the ADDQoL (see https://www.healthpsychologyresearch.com) including cross-cultural adaptation was followed. Validity and reliability of the Persian ADDQoL were then evaluated in a cross-sectional study of a sample of 153 patients with diabetes. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to assess structural validity. Internal consistency reliability was assessed. Results: Both forced one-factor and unforced four-factor solutions were extracted from the exploratory factor analysis that jointly accounted for 48 and 66.53 of the variance observed, respectively. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit for the Persian ADDQoL. Cronbach's alpha showed excellent internal consistency for the questionnaire (alpha =0.931 for the single scale). Conclusion: The Persian ADDQoL (IR-ADDQoL) showed adequate structural validity and excellent internal consistency. Therefore, it could be efficiently used to evaluate the impact of diabetes on quality of life in outcome studies and research settings in Iran
The burden of prostate cancer in North Africa and Middle East, 1990–2019: Findings from the global burden of disease study
No full textBackground: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most prevalent cancer among men worldwide. This study presents estimates of PCa prevalence, incidence, death, years-of-life-lost (YLLs), years-lived-with-disability (YLDs), disability-adjusted-life-years (DALYs), and the burden attributable to smoking during 1990-2019 in North Africa and Middle East using data of Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) Study 2019. Methods: This study is a part of GBD 2019. Using vital registration and cancer registry data, the estimates on PCa burden were modeled. Risk factor analysis was performed through the six-step conceptual framework of Comparative Risk Assessment. Results: The age-standardized rates (95 UI) of PCa incidence, prevalence, and death in 2019 were 23.7 (18.5-27.9), 161.1 (126.6-187.6), and 11.7 (9.4-13.9) per 100,000 population. While PCa incidence and prevalence increased by 77 and 144 during 1990-2019, respectively, the death rate stagnated. Of the 397 increase in PCa new cases, 234 was due to a rise in the age-specific incidence rate, 79 due to population growth, and 84 due to population aging. The YLLs, YLDs, and DALYs of PCa increased by 2 (-11.8-23.1), 108 (75.5-155.1), and 6 (-8.9-28.1). The death rate and DALYs rate attributable to smoking have decreased 12 and 10, respectively. The DALYs rate attributable to smoking was 37.4 (15.9-67.8) in Lebanon and 5.9 (2.5-10.6) in Saudi Arabia, which were the highest and lowest in the region, respectively. Conclusions: The PCa incidence and prevalence rates increased during 1990-2019; however, the death rate stagnated. The increase in the incidence was mostly due to the rise in the age-specific incidence rate, rather than population growth or aging. The burden of PCa attributable to smoking has decreased in the past 30 years. Copyright © 2022 Abbasi-Kangevari, Saeedi Moghaddam, Ghamari, Azangou-Khyavy, Malekpour, Rezaei, Rezaei, Kolahi, GBD 2019 NAME Prostate Cancer Collaborators, Amini, Mokdad, Jamshidi, Naghavi, Larijani and Farzadfar
The Effect of BASNEF Model-Based Education on Preventive Behavior of Leishmaniosis in High School Students
No full textBackground and Objective: Cutaneous leishmaniosis is a public health problem in many tropical regions of the country which is of great importance due to the formation of lesions on the body of patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of education based on BASNEF model on the control of cutaneous leishmaniosis in high school students in Dehloran in 2021. Materials and Methods: The present study was performed as an intervention method with a control group on 100 high school students in Dehloran city, who were included in the study by random cluster sampling. Data collection tool was a standard Ghodsi questionnaire consisting of 36 questions based on knowledge and constructs of BASNEF model (individual beliefs, normative beliefs, abstract norms, enabling factors, behavioral beliefs, intentional behavior and behavior). The results were analyzed using Spss 23 software by descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: The findings of multivariate analysis of variance in post-test and followup were significant (P value ≤ 0.05) for all four tests: Pillais Trace, Wilks Lambda, Hotelling’s, Trace Roy’s Largest Root. The results of analysis of variance after controlling the effect of pre-test indicate the effect of intervention on all components in the post-test (P value ≤ 0.05). But findings of behavioral beliefs, intentional behavior and behavior not significant (P value≥ 0.05) in the follow-up period. Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that the implementation of educational interventions based on health promotion models can have a significant impact on the success of leishmaniasis prevention and control programs. © 2022 Iranian Association of Health Education and Health Promotion. All rights reserved
Trehalose and carnosic acid induced LC3I, LC3II ratio, P62 down-regulation and cleaved caspase 3 expression in neural stem cells
No full textBACKGROUND: Using neural stem cells ( NSCs) in cell therapy and regenerative medicine is a growing knowledge. In this study, the protective role of carnosic acid and trehalose against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in autophagy induction and apoptosis inhibition in NSCs was investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated from the femur of the rat and differentiated into NSCs using basic fi broblast and epidermal growth factors (bFGF and EGF), and B27 serum free media. To evaluate the autophagy, the P62 protein was assessed by immunocytochemistry and LC3II / LC3I ratio by Western blotting. Further, we used 3-Methyladenine (3-MA), a widely used autophagy inhibitor to study whether combined treatment of 3-MA with carnosic acid and trehalose modulates autophagy in NSCs. For studying apoptosis, the cleaved caspase-3 protein was evaluated. Carnosic acid and trehalose increased the survival of the NSCs. RESULTS: The H2O2 decreased the autophagy and induced apoptosis with increasing time during 24 hours, however, a pre-treatment with 2 μM carnosic acid and trehalose 3 induced the autophagy proteins (while increasing the LC3II / LC3I ratio and decreasing the P62) and decreased the apoptosis (while decreasing the expression of the cleaved caspase-3). The results showed that the carnosic acid and trehalose increased the survival of NSCs against the oxidative stress caused by H2O2, decreased apoptosis, and induced autophagy. CONCLUSION: Due to the carnosic acid and trehalose unique properties and its low toxicity, it can be used as an agent in cellular transplantation for reducing oxidative stress and inducing autophagy © 2022, Bratislava Medical Journal. All Rights Reserved