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Chronic Abdominal Pain Prevalence in Patients Undergoing the Bariatric Surgery With Positive History of H. pylori
No full textObesity/bariatric surgery is rising as the most effective treatment for obesity. In previous studies, the history of Helicobacter pylori as the main cause of chronic abdominal pain in patients undergoing bariatric surgery has not been discussed. In this study, we determine in a set of patients how much of the number of people with positive H. pylori before the operation in one year later suffered from chronic abdominal pain. A retrospective study was conducted on 320 patients undergoing bariatric surgery. Data were collected by interviewing and referring to the medical records of patients. Of 320 patients, 125 were H. pylori-positive, and from these numbers, 43 had chronic abdominal pain (34.4). Although in previous studies of bariatric surgery, the history of H. pylori has not been identified as the main cause of chronic abdominal pain after surgery. However, according to the available evidence in this study, with a prevalence of more than one-third of chronic abdominal pain in one year after surgery in patients with a history of preoperative H. pylori, pylori can be a potential cause of postoperative chronic pain. © 2022 Tehran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Prevalence of Pediculosis Among Primary School-Aged Students in Iran: an Updated Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textIn this study, a systematic investigation was performed to estimate the prevalence of head lice infestation, and to determine the factors affecting the prevalence of heterogeneity among primary school-aged children in Iran. A comprehensive search was fulfilled in international databases, including MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase, to identify the articles on the prevalence of pediculosis. So, all the cross-sectional epidemiological studies evaluating the prevalence of pediculosis were covered without any restrictions. A random-effects model was used to assess the pooled prevalence. A meta-regression method was applied to determine the factors affecting the heterogeneity among the studied population. An analysis was performed on 67 studies with a total sample size of 358,053. The total pooled estimate for the prevalence of pediculosis in boys and girls was 7.52 (95 CI: 6.15-9.03), 1.99 (95 CI: 1.25-2.89), and 8.97 (95 CI: 721-10.91), respectively. The highest and lowest pooled prevalence was in Hormozgan (southern Iran) (29.21; 95 CI: 8.89-55.34) and Isfahan (Central Iran) (0.69; 95 CI: 0.59-0.80), respectively. Based on the results of the univariate meta-regression, gender and father's job showed a significant direct association with the prevalence of pediculosis, but the sample size had significant inverse relations with the prevalence of pediculosis. This study demonstrated that pediculosis is a common public health problem affecting school-aged children with a relatively high prevalence in Iran, especially among girls
STAIR Plus Narrative Therapy-Adolescent Version (SNT-A) in An 11-Year-Old Girl With PTSD and Suicidal Behaviors Following Rape/Sexual Assault: A Case Report
No full textRape/sexual assault can profoundly affect the physical, mental, and social well-being of victims. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and suicide in rape/sexual assault survivors are significantly more frequent than the national prevalence of the condition, indicating that existing treatments require improvement. In this case report, we presented an 11-year-old Iranian girl with PTSD and suicidal behaviors following rape/sexual assault. We specifically focused on the process of helping the victim to develop effective coping skills and overcome the trauma through 16 weekly sessions of Skill Training in Affective and Interpersonal Regulation (STAIR) plus Narrative Therapy-Adolescent Version (SNT-A). During this therapeutic approach, the patient regained emotional control over the traumatic experience and made sense of the experience. Our findings revealed that SNT-A might be an effective intervention to reduce suicidal ideation among adolescent victims of rape/sexual assault. Nonetheless, further investigations in this field need to be carried out through randomized controlled trials
Labor Pain in Different Dilatations of the Cervix and Apgar Scores Affected by Aromatherapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textLabor pain (LP), as a physiological process, is known as one of the most severe pains. Aromatherapy is one of the methods to reduce LP in the first phase of labor. It is an important approach for enjoyable birth and decreases the severity of pain in today's society. Accordingly, this study aimed to systematically review the relieving effect of aromatherapy in LP and Apgar score. We used international databases such as EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, PubMed, Cochrane Library, ProQuest, and to conduct a systematic search for all relevant articles. Cochran's Q-test and I-2 statistic were applied to assess heterogeneity, a random-effects model was used to estimate the unstandardized mean difference (UMD), and a meta-regression method was utilized to investigate the factors affecting heterogeneity between studies. A total of 27 studies were included in the meta-analysis (sample size: 2,566). Overall, aromatherapy leads to relieving LP during delivery (UMD: 1.75; 95 CI: 1.13-2.37). Based on cervix dilation, aromatherapy significantly affects LP when cervix dilation is 8-10 cm (UMD: 6.18; 95 CI: 4.51-7.85) and 0-4 cm (UMD: 5.31; 95 CI: 3.74-6.87); but it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores. No publication bias was observed (P=0.113). Mother's age, publication year, sample size, and cervix dilation had no significant effects on heterogeneity (P>0.05). Aromatherapy had a positive impact on relieving LP, and the greatest and least effect was witnessed in dilatation of 8-10 cm and 0-4 cm, respectively. Moreover, it had no effects on 1- and 5-min Apgar scores
Hospital Preparedness in Response to Accidents and Disasters with an All-Hazards Approach: Sharing an Experience
No full textCurrent global status, subtype distribution and zoonotic significance of Blastocystis in dogs and cats: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Blastocystis is a common intestinal protozoa found in animal and human fecal samples, with over 1 billion individuals infected worldwide. Since domestication, dogs and cats have had a close bond with humans. However, their close proximity poses a potential health risk since they may harbor several zoonotic agents. A global estimate of Blastocystis infection and subtype (ST) distribution in dogs and cats would therefore be of great health importance to humans. Methods: We performed a comprehensive systematic search of four English-language databases (PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science) for relevant articles up to 8 November 2021. The random-effects model was used to make pooled estimates with confidence intervals (CIs). Results: In total, we identified 49 publications that met our inclusion criteria and subsequently analyzed the 65 datasets in these articles, of which 23 and 42 datasets were on cats and dogs, respectively. Among the 2934 cats included in the 23 datasets, which involved 16 countries, the prevalence rate of Blastocystis infection was 9.3 (95 CI 5.3-15.9). The prevalence of Blastocystis infection was slightly lower 7%, 95% CI 4.7-10.4%) among the 7946 dogs included in the 42 datasets, involving 23 countries. The sensitivity analysis showed that no remarkable variation in the estimates upon the stepwise removal of each dataset. Higher ST diversity was found among the examined dogs (ST1-8, ST10, ST23, ST24) than among cats (ST1-4, ST10, ST14). Among dogs, ST3 was the most frequent ST (41.3%), followed by ST2 (39.3%), ST1 (30.9%), ST4 (13.4%), ST8 (12.7%), ST10 (11%) and ST5 (8.1%). Also among dogs, each of ST6, ST7, ST23 and ST24 was observed in only one study. Of the ST found in the cats examined, ST4 (29.5%), followed by ST10 (22.5%), ST1 (19.8%) and ST3 (17.6%) were the most common. A single study also reported the presence of both ST2 and ST14 in cats. With respect to zoonotic Blastocystis STs (ST1-ST9 and ST12), eight were reported from dogs (ST1-ST8) and four were isolated from cats (ST1-ST4), showing the implication of dog and cats in zoonotic transmission. Conclusions: Taken together, our results show that elucidation of the true epidemiology and ST distribution of Blastocystis in dogs and cats demands more comprehensive studies, particularly in the negelected regions of the world
An overview on inactivated and live-attenuated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines
No full textAfter about 2 years since severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), first infections were detected in Wuhan city of China in December 2019, which was followed by a worldwide pandemic with a record of 5.41 million deaths. Due to urgent need for the development of a safe and effective vaccine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), attempts for producing efficient vaccines are inexhaustibly continuing. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO) on COVID-19 vaccine tracker and landscape, there are 149 vaccine candidates all over the world. Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines as a conventional vaccine platform consist of whole virus particles grown in cell culture and inactivated by chemicals. Because of benefits such as antigenic similarity to real virion inducing humoral and cellular immune responses and ease for transport and storage, these vaccines, including the vaccines produced by Bharat Biotech, Sinopharm, and Sinovac, are in use at large scales. In this study, we have a review on inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines that are passing their phase 3 and 4 clinical trials, population which was included in the trials, vaccine producers, the efficiency, adverse effects, and components of vaccines, and other vaccine features
Association Between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Diet Quality in Adults
No full textBackgroundDiet quality is a major contributor to human health. In addition, antioxidants have a great contribution to several chronic conditions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate if dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) can be considered as a measure of diet quality in a Middle Eastern country. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study on 6,724 Iranian adults, we used a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to assess dietary intakes. Data derived from the FFQ was used to calculate dietary TAC and well-known diet quality scores including alternate healthy eating index (AHEI) and dietary diversity score (DDS). Dietary TAC was calculated based on the ferric reducing-antioxidant power (FRAP) values reported in earlier publications. AHEI and DDS have also been constructed based on previous publications. Cross-classification was used to examine the agreement between these measures. ResultsMean age and BMI of study participants were 36.89 +/- 8.08 y and 24.97 +/- 3.87 kg/m(2), respectively. We found that individuals in the highest tertile of dietary TAC had higher scores of AHEI (57.53 +/- 0.20 vs. 52.03 +/- 0.20, P < 0.001) and DDS (5.56 +/- 0.03 vs. 4.15 +/- 0.03, P < 0.001) compared with those in the lowest tertile. Participants' distribution on the basis of the cross-classification analysis indicated that the classifications were in exact agreement for 42.6, within an adjacent tertile for 33.05, and in gross misclassification for 20 of individuals. When this was examined between dietary TAC and DDS, we found that exact agreement in the classifications was for 59.2 of participants. Notably, a very low proportion of gross misclassification was seen in this regard such that only 6 of participants were classified in the opposing tertiles, indicating additional support for a good agreement. ConclusionWe found that dietary TAC might be considered as a proper measure for the assessment of diet quality because it was well correlated with well-known measures of diet quality including DDS and AHEI scores
Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Palliative Care Outcome Scale (POS) in Adult Patients With Cancer
No full textBackgroundMeasuring the outcomes of palliative care plays an important role to improve the quality, efficiency, and availability of these services in patients with cancer. Using valid, reliable, and culturally appropriate tools has a considerable role to measure these outcomes. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the translated version of the Palliative care Outcome Scale (POS). MethodsThis methodological study was conducted in two outpatient clinics related to Shohada Tajrish and Baqiyatallah hospitals in Tehran in 2019-2020. The translation was done using the Forward-Backward approach after gaining permission from the developer. Face validity was tested with 10 patients with cancer through cognitive interviewing, as well as content validity with four experts. Construct validity was performed by (n = 203) exploratory factor analysis and confirmation (N = 150). To assess the reliability, internal consistency was assessed by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, and relative stability was assessed using the interclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Furthermore, interpretability and ceiling and floor effects were assessed. ResultsA total of 353 patients with cancer under palliative care were included in the study. Then, three psychological (30), physical (12.25), and social factors (12.08) with a cumulative variance of 54.34 were extracted in exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model has a good fit of information. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for scale was 0.719. Furthermore, the ICC was 0.812. The scale was interpretable, and ceiling and floor effects were 0. ConclusionPersian version of the POS was evaluated as a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, it can be used by the clinician to monitor the consequences of palliative care in Iranian cancer patients
Distribution and expression of virulence genes (hlyA, sat) and genotyping of Escherichia coli O25b/ST131 by multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis in Tehran, Iran
No full textEscherichia coli ST131 is a pandemic clone with high antibiotic resistance, and it is a major causative agent of urinary tract infection (UTI) and bloodstream infections. This study evaluated the distribution and expression of virulence genes and genotyping of E. coli O25b/ST131 by Multi-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) method among UTI in patients at Tehran hospitals, Iran. A total of 107 E. coli isolates were collected from UTI patients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the pabB gene was used to identify E. coli O25b/ST131 and the prevalence of sat and hlyA virulence genes was also analyzed. The microtiter method quantified biofilm formation ability in E. coli O25b/ST131. The Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to evaluate the expression of sat and hlyA genes. Finally, MLVA was performed for E. coli O25b/ST131 genotyping by targeting seven tandem repeats. SPSS-16 software was used for statistical analysis. Molecular study showed that 71 of isolates carried the pabB gene and were considered E. coli O25b/ST131 strains. Also, 45.8 and 17.8 of isolates carried sat and hlyA genes, respectively. The 57.9 isolates had biofilm formation ability. Expression of the studied virulence genes showed an increase in strong biofilm producing E. coli O25b/ST131 strains. A total of 76 (100) E. coli O25b/ST131 strains were typed by the MLVA method. High prevalence of E. coli O25b/ST131 isolates in UTI patients can be a serious warning to the treatment due to the high antibiotic resistance rate, expression of virulence genes, and biofilm formation