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Designing a standardized framework for data integration between zoonotic diseases systems: Towards one health surveillance
No full textBackground: Zoonotic diseases or zoonoses account for a considerable ratio of infectious diseases outbreak; their effective surveillance demands coordinated actions by human and animal health organizations. However, zoonoses surveillance data are collected individually from standalone information systems for either humans or animals with varied structures, processes and applications. In moving towards one health (OH) surveillance, integrating the zoonoses data may help prevent and control these diseases. Therefore, this research aimed to determine essential data elements and a consistent reporting template towards interoperability. Material and methods: In this study, first, the zoonotic diseases minimum dataset (ZD-MDS) was identified according to a comprehensive literature review coupled with the agreements of experts. Then, the ZD-MDS was mapped to structured clinical vocabularies. Also, the health level seven-clinical document architecture (HL7-CDA) standard was used to define the interoperable and human-machine reporting template. Results: The ZD-MDS was divided into administrative and clinical sections with five and seven data classes and total of 38 and 57 data elements, respectively. Then, the corresponding data values and systematized nomenclature of medicine-clinical terms (SNOMED-CT) codes were defined for each data element. The reporting template was structured according to three sections of CDA template, extensible markup language (XML) hierarchical and tags. Conclusion: Our study suggested that zoonoses surveillance could be improved by integrating and exchanging data from different databases across humans and animal organizations. The developed template provided a comprehensive and interoperable dataset, making data more comparable and reportable across multiple studies and settings. © 202
Effect of Pre-endoscopy Preparation Program on Children's Anxiety and Parental Satisfaction: A Clinical Trial Study
No full textBackground: Gastrointestinal endoscopy is a useful diagnostic method in children. The level of anxiety in children is one of the important factors on the patient's acceptance of endoscopy. Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effect of a pre-endoscopy preparation program on children's anxiety and parental satisfaction. Method: This clinical trial study investigated 76 children aged 6 to 18 years and their parents referred to the endoscopy unit of Besat Hospital, Hamadan, Iran, in 2019. The patients were randomly assigned into two equal groups. The experimental group was trained using pamphlets and face-to-face training before endoscopy, and then the two groups were compared in terms of children's anxiety and parental satisfaction. The data were collected using the Demographic Information Questionnaire, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Parental Satisfaction Questionnaire. Results: Before the intervention, the mean±SD values of the state anxiety in the experimental and control groups were 48.92±2.81 and 49.18±2.86, respectively, and it was statistically lower in the experimental group (P=0.042). Moreover, after the intervention, the mean±SD values of the trait anxiety in the experimental and control groups were 48.47±31.10 and 49.86±2.87, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.339). Parents' satisfaction in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, which was statistically significant (P<0.001). Implications for Practice: The pre-endoscopy preparation program reduced the anxiety of the children. Findings can be utilized in planning to improve their parents' satisfaction. © 2022 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
The effect of presence of midwife (Doula) on anxiety and fear of natural childbirth in pregnant women: Randomized Clinical Trial
No full textIntroduction: Anxiety and fear of childbirth is one of the biggest concerns of pregnant women that may lead to the pain and prolonged delivery. Regarding to the midwives' treatment and supportive roles, this study was performed aimed to evaluate the effect of the presence of doula on the fear and anxiety of natural childbirth in pregnant women. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was conducted in 2018 on 80 pregnant women in the Hakim Hospital, Neishabour. In the intervention group, doula was with the women from the beginning of labor until one hour after the placenta was removed, doula performed supportive measures for them. But the control group received only routine care. In both groups, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Hartmann Childbirth Attitude Questionnaire were completed in three stages. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 20) and Independent t-test, chi-square, analysis of variance with repeated measures. p>0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: There were no significant differences between the two group regarding individual socio-demographic, midwifery, the mean score of anxiety and fear of childbirth at the time of entering the delivery ward (P>0.05). The presence of a doula significantly reduced the mean score of anxiety and fear of childbirth in the active phase of labor and one hour after placental remove in the intervention group compared with the control group (P<0.001). Conclusion: The presence of doula in the delivery wards as a simple and non-invasive intervention can reduces anxiety and fear of natural childbirth in pregnant women. © 2022, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Gut Microbiota Modification via Glucagon-like Peptide-1 with Beneficial Neuroprotective Effects
No full textBACKGROUND: In recent decades, it has been shown that the association between intestinal bacterial imbalance (dysbiosis) and various diseases such as type 2 diabetes can play a role in the development of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. In this study, the beneficial effects of intestinal microbiota glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in cognitive disorders were investigated. METHODS: PubMed-Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify experimental studies based on the bacterial strains along with GLP-1 1 expression in preventing or reducing cognitive impairment. Of the 233 studies, six were eligible for inclusion, and the Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) risk of bias tool was used to evaluate the risk of bias in individual studies. RESULTS: The results showed that intestinal expression of GLP-1 1 could reduce the intestinal pathogenic genus such as Enterobacteriaceae and was obviously associated with a greater number of beneficial genera such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia. Also, the neuroprotective effects of Clostridium butyricum with GLP-1 1 in a mice were approved. Therefore, the modulation of the intestinal microbiota, mediated by an increase in the intestinal GLP-1 1 level, consequently improved cognitive function. CONCLUSION: In this review, we have indicated that the gut microbiota, by stimulating the expression of the intestinal hormones like GLP-1 1, and also with a beneficial effect in inhibiting some involved genes in inflammation, can declined the development of cognitive disorders. © 2022, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Retroperitoneal Ancient schwannoma: A Very Rare Case Report
No full textBackground: Ancient schwannoma is an uncommon neoplasm originating from the peripheral nerve sheaths. Ancient schwannoma occurs mostly in head and neck region and its occurrence is very rare in retroperitoneal (about 0.7 to 2.6 of all schwannomas), and despite its benign nature, it can show malignant behaviors and it may be misdiagnosed with sarcomas in some cases. There is nonspecific clinical symptoms and radiologic findings. Evaluation of histology and immunochemistry is necessary for diagnosis, and complete surgical resection is the treatment of choice for schwannoma. Case Report: we report a unique case of retroperitoneal ancient schwannoma in a 50-year-old man with complaint of severe pain in the right flank area for 3 days ago, which was diagnosed with ancient schwannoma after evaluation of the histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings. After surgery, the patient was kept under regular follow-up since last 15 months without any evidence of recurrence. © 2022, Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved
Epidemiology, Sociodemographic Factors and Comorbidity for Allergic Rhinitis, Asthma, and Rhinosinusitis Among 15 to 65-year-Old Iranian Patients
No full textBackground: It is well established that upper and lower airways are often clumped together when diagnosing and treating a disease. This study was designed to determine the prevalence of upper and lower airway diseases and to assess the effect of sociodemographic factors on the prevalence and the comorbidity of these disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional population-based study included patients with ages ranging between 15 to 65 years, who were referred to allergy outpatient clinics in various provinces of Iran from April to September 2020. A modified global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) screening questionnaire was filled out by local allergists of the 12 selected provinces in Iran. Information about the patients and sociodemographic factors was also recorded. Statistical analysis was done by univariate statistical analyses and multiple logistic regressions in SPSS software Version 26. Results: Out of 4988 recruited patients, 1078 (21.6) had the symptoms of allergic rhinitis (AR) and 285 (5.7) met the criteria of asthma. The prevalence of acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) and chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) was 21.6 and 22, respectively. The highest prevalence of AR and ARS was in Tehran with the arateof of 33.9 each. Asthma was more prevalent in Khuzestan (14.2) and CRS in Baluchestan (57.5). Our analysis showed that the patients with asthma were most likely to have other allergic diseases as well— CRS (OR = 4.8; 95 CI, 2.02-5.82), AR (OR= 2.5, 95 CI, 2.10-3), ARS (OR = 1.8; 95 CI, 2.10-3), followed by eczema (OR = 1.4; 95 CI, 1.13-1.67).We found that those individuals with CRS were most likely to have painkiller hypersensitivity (OR= 2.1; 95 CI, 1.21-3.83). Furthermore, smoking has been found more than 1.5 folds in patients with ARS. After adjusting variables, there was no correlation between education, occupation, and ethnicity with the studied diseases. Conclusion: Rhinosinusitis is a common condition among Iranian patients. This study confirmed that inflammation of the upper and lower airways can occur simultaneously. Gender, education, occupation, and ethnicity were found to be irrelevant in the development © Iran University of Medical Science
In Vitro and In Silico Investigation of some Type II TA Genes in H. Pylori
No full textBackground: In addition to antibiotic resistance, the entry of Helicobacter pylori into the persistence phase leads to recurrent and chronic infections, as well as the development of antibiotic resistance in persister cells. Methods: In this study, after genetic confirmation of H. pylori in 20 biopsy specimens, the prevalence of the type II TA systems mazEF, relEB, yafQ/dinJ was investigated. Also, the most common system observed in the study in terms of structure, evolution, and molecular interaction was evaluated by bioinformatics tools. Results: The results of the PCR test on 20 biopsy samples were positive for ureA and glmM genes. Moreover, yafQ/ dinJ was the only module positive in half of the samples (10 samples) in the PCR technique. The toxin residues and their interactions with the cognate antitoxin residues are revealed by docking analysis results. Furthermore, the multiple sequence alignment (MSA) of the YafQ toxin showed that this toxin has a low polymorphism among H. pylori species. The evolutionary study showed that the yafQ toxin had the highest sequence similarity among the bacteria Helicobacter cetorm (60 similarity) and Muricauda olearia (57.35 similarity). Conclusions: Collectively, the data of the present study indicate that the YafQ/DinJ is the dominant type II TA system and has the highest frequency among the studied systems in H. pylori, and further studies are required to elucidate its exact role in this bacterium
Bone Density Reduction and Its Associated Factors in Kidney Transplant Recipients: A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: Decreased bone mineral density (BMD) is one of the complications of kidney transplantation, which is associated with many factors. However, the findings of relevant studies are inconsistent and contradictory. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of BMD reduction and its associated factors in kidney transplant recipients. Methods: All kidney transplant recipients (n=69), referred to Shahid Mostafa Khomeini Hospital in Ilam, southwest of Iran, were included in this study between 2016 and 2018. The BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck was examined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. According to the Z-score and T-score, the patients were divided into two age groups: 50 years. All patients' demographic characteristics, background variables, and laboratory parameters were evaluated. Descriptive statistics were measured, and binary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: The overall prevalence of osteoporosis in the femur and lumbar spine was 38 and 32, respectively. In patients aged 50 years, advancing age and duration of prednisolone consumption were associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and osteopenia at the femoral neck (P<0.05). Besides, the duration of prednisolone use was associated with osteoporosis at the lumbar spine (RRR=1.02, P<0.05). Conclusion: Various factors, including prednisolone consumption, affect BMD reduction in kidney transplant recipients. Regular monitoring of BMD, maximum reduction of prednisolone dose, training on the use of effective supplements, and other preventive and supportive measures can be helpful for this group
Study of Anaerobic Bacterial Infections in Iran, Are They Important?
No full textANAEROBIC bacteria can either alone or in association with other microorganisms lead to various diseases such as oral infection; anaerobic bacteria do not perform oxidative phosphorylation. Air-tolerant organisms have only non-oxidative metabolism but are resistant to oxygen for reasons such as the presence of these enzymes. Clostridium difficile is caused by bacteremia. Recovery from the infections caused by anaerobic bacteria requires prompt and proper management and treatment. The isolation, identification, and eradication of anaerobic bacteria can become complicated, challenging, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. A few studies have addressed anaerobic bacterial associated-infections (ABAIs), but recently this idea has acquired attention in Iran. So, in this study, we reviewed various aspects of ABAIs addressed in Iran. Anaerobic bacteria can either alone or in association with other microorganisms lead to various diseases such as oral infections, C. difficile infection, and bacteremia. Recovery from the infections caused by anaerobic bacteria requires prompt and proper management and treatment. The isolation, identification, and eradication of anaerobic bacteria can become complicated, challenging, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and expensive. A few studies have addressed ABAIs, but recently this idea has acquired attention in Iran. So, in this study, we reviewed various aspects of ABAIs addressed in Iran
Association between quality of life, sleep quality and mental disorders in Iranian older adults
No full textAging as a major challenge can affect the development and growth of countries all around the world. This study aimed to identify the subgroups of the elderly based on the quality of life (Qol), sleep quality, and common mental disorders and assess the role of demographic characteristics on the membership of participants in each latent class. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 1064 people over the age of 60 years. The sample was selected through cluster sampling in northern Iran. All participants completed six sets of checklists and questionnaires. Data analysis was performed using latent class analysis. Three latent classes were identified; namely, (1) healthy (66.8), (2) anxious and with poor sleep quality (28.6), and unhealthy (4.6). Being Female significantly increased the odds of membership in classes 2 and 3 compared to class 1. Furthermore, living in urban areas increased the odds of belonging to class 2 and class 3 compared to class 1. Illiteracy was also shown to increase the odds of being in class 3 in comparison to class 1. Results from the present indicate that the co-occurrence of health problems in 33.2 of the elderly was observed in various forms. The results of this study can be used in prioritizing health programs for the elderly and emphasizing high-risk groups