3790 research outputs found
Sort by
Designing and evaluating questionnaire for assessment abuse in patients with spinal cord injury during Covid-19 Disease
No full textBackground: One of the chronic diseases that causes various challenges for patients is spinal cord injury. On the other hand, apart from the problems that patients and caregivers of patients with SCI experience, the spread and prevalence of Covid-19 disease has been effective as an effective risk factor for abuse. Objectives: the aim of the present study is to determine the abuse prevalence and its effective risk factors among SCI patients in Ilam City during the Covid-19 outbreak. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study, population included all SCI patients in Ilam, included in the present study. Moreover, researcher-made forms and questionnaires whose validity and reliability were confirmed, including the demographic characteristics form, perceived abuse researcher-made questionnaire for SCI patients, were used. The perceived abuse questionnaire for SCI patients was a researcher-made questionnaire that was designed using library studies, interviewing patients and determining abuse instances. This instrument consists of 20 questions that are answered using Yes (score 1) and No (score 0). After data collection, statistical analyzes were performed. Data analyzed with spss16 software. Results: According to the results, the mean +/- SD of the perceived abuse score by caregivers and patients was 8.48 +/- 2.31 and 42.45 during the Covid-19 pandemic, respectively. Also, the mean +/- SD of patients' age was 62.86 +/- 19.15 and the patient perceived abuse increased with increasing age (P = 0.000, F = 27.42). Also, the possible abuse score was 0 to 20 that was divided into three categories: low (20, 20.4), moderate (76, 76.5) and high (2, 2). also, significantly higher perceived abuse score among women and patients with a history of more than 10 years of SCI, but there was no significant relationship between abuse prevalence with income and marital status (P>0.05). With regard to age and abuse, results also showed an increase in perceived abuse score with increasing age. Conclusions: necessary to take the necessary measures and preventions in this regard. Also, the prevalence of Covide-19related abuse in patients was hight, which is statistically important and significant. For this reason, while proposing preventive action in this field
Prevalence of Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Flood: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textIntroduction: Flood as the most common kind of the natural disasters has unpleased short, medium, and long-term consequences on the victims' welfare, relationships, and physical and mental health. One of the most common mental health disorders in these victims is Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of PTSD on the flood victims.Methods: Data resources including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, Google Scholar, conference and congress papers, key journals, the reference list of selected articles as well as systematic reviews were searched to identify studies that reported the prevalence of PTSD in flood victims. Random Effect Model was used to perform meta-analysis of the studies. Cochran test and I-2 indicator were used to explore heterogeneity between the studies. Publication bias of the study was evaluated using Begg'test. Data were analyzed by STATA (version 14) software.Results: After a comprehensive search, 515 papers were extracted. After eliminating duplicates and final screening, 23 studies were selected and entered the meta-analysis phase after qualitative evaluation. The results showed that the prevalence of PTSD in flood victims is 29.48 (95 CI: 18.64-40.31, I-2 = 99.3, p-value < 0.001).Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that the prevalence of PTSD is relatively high in the flood victims. So, it is necessary to take preventive, supportive, therapeutic and effective actions for them
The Association between Domestic Violence against Women during Pregnancy and Adverse Clinical Outcomes of Pregnancy in Iran: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
No full textBackground: Domestic violence against women during pregnancy is a major health problem worldwide. In addition, it affects the mother. Also it can be directly or indirectly associated with serious complications to the health of the fetus. Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between some adverse clinical outcomes of pregnancy and domestic violence against women during pregnancy in Iran via a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: This is a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence on domestic violence against women during pregnancies in Iran between 2000 to 2018. International and national databases, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed via Medline, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Irandoc, Maglran, and SID were searched, and data were independently extracted by two researchers. Random effect meta-analysis was used to conduct analysis, and the Cochran test and meta-regression were also performed by STATA (ver. 14) software. Results: Thirteen studies with a total sample size of 11,818 individuals were included. The findings of this meta-analysis indicated that abortion (OR:6.4, C195:1.3-31), low birth weight (LBW) (OR: 3.7, CI 95: 1.7-7.8), preterm delivery (OR: 1.8, CI 95: 1.2-2.8) and premature rupture of membranes (OR: 4.5, CI 95: 1.8-11.2) had a significant association with domestic violence against women during pregnancy. Conclusion: Considering the significance of domestic violence on adverseclinical outcomes of pregnancy, our results suggested an urgent need for community supportive cares during pregnancy. Also, effective measures are crucial to prevent domestic violence against women because of their significant role in outcomes of pregnancy
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEEDLE TRAP DEVICE PACKED WITH HKUST-1 SORBENT FOR SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS OF BTEX IN AIR
No full textIn this study, we developed a needle trap device packed with HKUST-1 (Cu-based metal-organic framework) for the sampling and analysis of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) in ambient air for the first time. The HKUST-1 was synthesized via the electrochemical process. Afterwards, the adsorbent was packed into 22 gauge needles. To provide the different concentrations of BTEX, the syringe pump was connected to the glass chamber to inject a specific rate of the BTEX compounds. Design-expert software (version 7) was used to optimize the analytical parameters including breakthrough volume, desorption conditions and sampling conditions. The best desorption conditions were achieved at 548 K for 6 min, and the best sampling conditions were determined at 309 K of sampling temperature and 20 of relative humidity. According to the results, the limit of quantification (LOQ) and limit of detection (LOD) of the developed needle trap device (NTD) were in the range of 0.52-1.41 and 0.16-0.5 mg/m(3), respectively. In addition, the repeatability and reproducibility of the method were calculated to be in the range of 5.5-13.2 and 5.3-12.3 , respectively. The analysis of needles stored in the refrigerator (>277 K) and room temperature (298 K) showed that the NTD can store the BTEX analytes for at least 10 and 6 days, respectively. Our findings indicated that the NTD packed with HKUST-1 sorbent can be used as a trustworthy and useful technique for the determination of BTEX in air
Investigating the Effect of Tranexamic Acid on the Treatment of Subdural Hematoma: A Systematic Review Study
No full textContext: Tranexamic acid (TXA) belongs to the family of lysine-derived antifibrinolytics. TXA requires a simple molecular breakdown in the liver to be metabolized and has a high renal excretion. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of TXA on subdural hematoma (SDH) treatment using the SR method. Methods: Following a systematic review design, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of TXA on SDH treatment using studies published from 2000 to 2020. The search was performed by two researchers who were dominant in various types of SR studies and specialized discussion of neurosurgery. A checklist that contained the following items was used to collect the data: surname, year of study, year of publication, population, sample size, age, intervention, and outcomes. Data were also classified and reported using Word software. Results: Initially, 178 articles were identified, out of which 118 were removed due to the relevance of the title and method, 44 due to duplication, six due to following the SR method, and three due to having a case report design. Seven studies were found as eligible, as follows: the study by Wakabayashi et al. with a sample of 199 patients, Kageyama et al.'s study with 21 patients, Wan et al.'s study with 90 patients, Kutty et al.' study with 27 patients, Tanweer et al.'s study with 14 patients, Yamada et al.'s study with 193 patients, and Lodewijkx et al.'s study with 7 patients. All articles showed that TXA could reduce SH. Conclusions: Regarding the positive effect of TXA on reducing SDH, administration of this medicine is recommended in the treatment of patients with CSDH
Evaluation of field-in-field, three-field, and four-field techniques for treatment planning of radiotherapy of pancreatic cancer
No full textBackground: Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is a lethal condition with poor outcomes by various treatment modalities and an increasing incidence. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the advantages of field-in-field (FIF) versus three-field and four-field radiation treatment planning techniques in three-dimensional treatment of patients with pancreatic cancer. Materials and Methods: The evaluations of these planning techniques were performed in terms of physical and biological criteria. Radiotherapy treatment data of 20 patients with pancreatic cancer were selected and evaluated for FIF, three-field, and four-field treatment techniques. The patients were treated by 6 MV photon beam of a medical linac, and these three treatment planning techniques were evaluated for all the 20 patients. The plans were compared based on dose distribution in the target volume, monitor unit (MU), and dose to organs at risk (OARs).Results: The results have shown that, with assuming the same prescribed dose to planned target volume, FIF plans have some advantages over three-field and four-field treatment plans, based on MU values, V-20 Gy in the right lung, V-20 Gy in the left lung, D-mean in the left kidney, D-mean in the liver, and D-mean in the spinal cord. Based on the obtained results, the use of FIF technique reduces MUs compared to the three-field and four-field techniques. Conclusion: Having a less MU for performing treatment reduces scattered radiation and therefore reduces the risk of secondary cancer in normal tissues. In addition, the use of FIF technique has advantage of less radiation dose to some OARs
In silico study of the proteins involved in the persistence of Brucella spp
No full textBACKGROUND: One of the major problems with Brucella infections is its tendency to become chronic and recurrent, providing a hindrance to the management of this infection. It has been proposed that chronicity is so much affected by a phenomenon called persistence in bacteria. Several mechanisms are involved in bacterial persistence, including the type II toxin-antitoxin system, the SOS, Oxidative , and stringent response. METHODS: In this in silico study, these persistence mechanisms in Brucella spp. were investigated. RESULTS: the structure and the interactions between modules involved in these systems were designed, and novel peptides that can interfere with some of these important mechanisms were developed. CONCLUSION: Since peptide-based therapeutics are a new and evolving field due to their ease of production, we hope that peptides developed in this study, as well as the information about the structure and interactions of modules of persistence mechanisms, can further be used to design drugs against Brucella persister cells in the hope of restraining the chronic nature of Brucellosis
Comparison of clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in discharged and dead patients with COVID-19
No full textBackground: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is a recently described infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Iran was the first country where the SARS-Cov-2 was detected in the Middle East. In the current study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical, radiological and laboratory findings in hospitalized COVID-19 confirmed cases in Iran. Methods: The clinical manifestations, radiological data, laboratory findings, and the underlying diseases of the patients with COVID-19 were obtained from electronic medical records. Next, this information was compared in discharged and dead patients. Results: Overall, 4028 patients with COVID-19 including 3088 discharged, 778 dead, and 162 still hospitalized patients were enrolled in this study. The highest percentage of people who recovered (55) was between 30 and 60years old and the highest percentage of deaths (74.4) was more than 60years old. Based on demographic data, 50.05 were female and 49.95 were male. Clinical evaluations revealed that dyspnea (56.9), cough (31.4) and fever (17.8) were the most manifestations. Comorbidities were significantly higher in the dead group. Laboratory analysis revealed abnormalities in lymphocyte count (LYM), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and inflammatory biomarkers such as C-reactive protein (CRP). The most prevalent computed tomography (CT) scan data were ground-glass opacity (GGO) (30.5) and consolidation (9.4). Conclusions: Laboratory parameters and clinical and radiological findings help to evaluate the follow-up of the disease in patients. Age and comorbidities are factors that predispose people to COVID-19. Further research is needed to evaluate the effects of various factors on the progression of COVID-19 infection
Design of an artificial neural network to predict mortality among COVID-19 patients
No full textIntroduction: The fast pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has challenged clinicians with many uncertainties and ambiguities regarding disease outcomes and complications. To deal with these uncertainties, our study aimed to develop and evaluate several artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the mortality risk in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Material and methods: The data of 1710 hospitalized COVID-19 patients were used in this retrospective and developmental study. First, a Chi-square test (P 0.4), and binary logistics regression (BLR) analysis were performed to determine the factors affecting COVID-19 mortality. Then, using the selected variables, two types of feed-forward (FF) models, including the back-propagation (BP) and distributed time delay (DTD) were trained. The models' performance was assessed using mean squared error (MSE), error histogram (EH), and area under the ROC curve (AUC-ROC) metrics. Results: After applying the univariate and multivariate analysis, 13 variables were selected as important features in predicting COVID-19 mortality at P < 0.05. A comparison of the two ANN architectures using the MSE showed that the BP-ANN (validation error: 0.067, most of the classified samples having 0.049 and 0.05 error rates, and AUC-ROC: 0.888) was the best model. Conclusions: Our findings show the acceptable performance of ANN for predicting the risk of mortality in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Application of the developed ANN-based CDSS in a real clinical environment will improve patient safety and reduce disease severity and mortality
Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts after Disaster and Mass Casualty Incidents in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
No full textObjective: After accidents and disasters, people suffer from mental disorders due to physical, economic and social injuries. These include anxiety, stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Due to the fact that some of these measures can endanger a person's life, it is important to pay attention to these psychological factors. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts after disasters in the world. Method: The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt after disaster in the world. Accordingly, all articles published English-language from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2020 were extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Psych Info, Science Direct and Google scholar and evaluated. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the fixed and random effects model in meta-analysis and Cochran test. Results: A total of 33 studies with a sample size of 61,180 people entered the meta-analysis process. Accordingly, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was estimated at 12.9 (CI95: 10.3 -15.5) in the whole population, 10.6 (CI95: 6.1 - 15.0) in males and 15.8 (CI95: 10.0 - 21.6) in females. Moreover, prevalence of suicide attempt after disasters was estimated at 8.8 (CI95: 6.6 - 11.0). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt is high and prevalence of Suicide idea in women was about three times higher than in men