Jurnal TENGKAWANG
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ANALISIS KINERJA PENURUNAN DEFORESTASI DI 10 IZIN HUTAN DESA KECAMATAN BATU AMPAR
Full text linkThe effectiveness of devolution policies through social forestry programs in village forest schemes is still being debated at regional, national, and international levels. It departs from the fact that the community has limited resources in managing forests in the long run (35 years). The background of this research is to measure the implementation of devolution policy in 10 granted village forest licenses in the sub-district of Batu Ampar, Kubu Raya District, and its relationship with deforestation rates. The study was conducted by survey method and data collection with literature studies and observations. Observation aims to measure the biophysical condition of the forest as well as the social and economic conditions of the community in the village. The data is processed and analyzed using spatial analysis and performance analysis. The results showed that the devolution policy through the issuance of 10 village forest licenses was proven to be able to improve performance in reducing deforestation, especially after one year of the village forest permits were granted. Keywords: devolution, social forestry, village forest, deforestation, performance AbstrakEfektifitas kebijakan devolusi melalui program perhutanan sosial skema hutan desa masih menjadi perdebatan di level regional, nasional, dan internasional. Hal ini berangkat dari fakta keterbatasan sumber daya yang dimiliki masyarakat dalam mengelola hutan dalam jangka waktu panjang (35 tahun). Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengurai implementasi kebijakan devolusi di 10 izin hutan desa Kecamatan Batu Ampar, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, dan pengaruhnya terhadap laju deforestasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei. Pengumpulan data dengan studi literatur dan observasi. Observasi bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi biofisik hutan serta kondisi sosial dan ekonomi masyarakat di desa. Data-data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis spasial dan analisis kinerja. Hasil penelitian menunjukan kebijakan devolusi melalui pemberian 10 izin hutan desa telah terbukti secara kumulatif mampu meningkatkan kinerja positif dalam penurunan deforestasi, terutama setelah satu tahun izin hutan desa diberikan.Kata kunci: devolusi, perhutanan sosial, hutan desa, deforestasi, kinerj
PREDIKSI SUHU TUBUH ORANGUTAN(Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) BERDASARKAN SUHU FESES DI STASIUN PENELITIAN CABANG PANTI TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG
Full text linkOrangutan body temperature prediction based on faeces temperature is done to determine the health condition of wild orangutans. The body temperature of orangutans in the wild is difficult to measure directly, the difficulty of measuring the body temperature of orangutans in the wild, so we need another method to be able to determine the body temperature of orangutans by measuring faecal temperature as a prediction of orangutan's body temperature in the wild. This research was carried out at the YIARI Rehabilitation site in Ketapang District and the Station Research Cabang Panti Gunung Palung National Park. The purpose of this study was to be able to predict the body temperature of orangutans based on faeces temperature at the Station Research Cabang Panti (SRCP). This study uses a non-invasive method or without measuring directly the object of research. Analysis of the study used simple linear regression using the SPSS and Microsoft Excel programs, prediction of the body temperature of orangutans in the wild was obtained based on the results of simple linear regression calculations at the YIARI rehabilitation site. Research results at the YIARI rehabilitation center were obtained by 10 individual orangutans. feces temperatures obtained an average between 33.4 ° C - 35.83 ° C and an average body temperature of 36.53 ° C - 37.5 ° C, so that the simple linear regression equation obtained is Y = 35.77 + 0.04X. There were 5 orangutans found at the Panti Branch Research Station. The results of orangutan's faecal temperature measurements average between 33.70 ° C-34.90 ° C, and prediction of orangutan body temperature between 37.12 ° C-37.17 ° C, with an average of 37.2 ° C
KONTRIBUSI KOMPOSISI TANAMAN AGROFORESTRI TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI KELURAHAN PINANG JAYA KOTA BANDAR LAMPUNG
Full text linkAgroforestry is a utilization technique by combining woody plants (forestry) with crops, plantation crops, and livestock that are managed on one land. The agroforestry system can provide a better function, in terms of ecology, economy, and social culture that is important for agroforestry farming communities, one of which can provide income for farmers. This study aims to analyze how much the contribution of agroforestry plant composition to farmers' income. This research was conducted in Pinang Jaya Sub-District, Kemiling District, Bandar Lampung. To analyze the income, it is done by tabulating several groups of crop composition and calculating the income of farmers where the revenue is reduced by the cost of production. From the analysis and calculation results obtained eight plant compositions where composition V gets the highest income of Rp. 25.550.000 / kk / ha / year with cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and cloves (Eugenia aromatica) combined with petai plants (Parkia speciosa), papaya (papaya) Carica papaya), banana (Musa sp), jengkol (Pithecellobium lobatum), areca nut (Pinanga kuhlii), and durian (Durio zibethinus).Keywords : agroforestry, crop composition, income.Agroforestry merupakan teknik pemanfaatan dengan menggabungkan tanaman kayu (kehutanan) dengan tanaman perkebunan, dan peternakan yang dikelola di satu lahan. Sistem agroforestri dapat memberikan fungsi yang lebih baik, dalam hal ekologi, ekonomi, dan budaya sosial yang penting bagi masyarakat petani agroforestri, salah satunya dapat memberikan pendapatan bagi petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa besar kontribusi komposisi tanaman agroforestri terhadap pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelurahan Pinang Jaya, Kecamatan Kemiling, Bandar Lampung. Untuk menganalisis pendapatan, dilakukan dengan melakukan tabulasi beberapa kelompok komposisi tanaman dan menghitung pendapatan petani dimana pendapatan dikurangi dengan biaya produksi. Dari hasil analisis dan perhitungan diperoleh delapan komposisi tanaman dimana komposisi V mendapatkan pendapatan tertinggi sebesar Rp. 25.550.000 / kk / ha / tahun dengan tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao) dan cengkeh (Eugenia aromatica) yang dikombinasikan dengan tanaman petai (Parkia speciosa), pepaya (papaya) Carica pepaya), pisang (Musa sp), jengkol (Pithecellobium lobatum), pinang (Pinanga kuhlii), dan durian (Durio zibethinus)Kata kunci: agroforestry, komposisi tanaman, pendapata
DINAMIKA LANSKAP KABUPATEN KETAPANG DAN KABUPATEN KAYONG UTARA TERHADAP PERUBAHAN INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA
Full text linkAbstractThe paper describes a landscape dynamic (Change Index-CI) of Ketapang and Kayong Utara Districs, West Kalimantan, in 1990-2018 and its correlation of peoples’ welfare condition and environmental condition change. Land-based investment has increased sharply in the past 20 years. This condition influences landscape dynamic and climate condition. CI is identified through spatial and temporal analysis by calculating human intervention level to land cover. Meanwhile, the condition of peoples’ welfare at sub-district level is measured from the district’s Human Development Index (HDI) which is analyzed from CI. In this analysis, the HDI is considered a dependent variable and CI level as the independent variable. Landscape environmental condition uses information on annual average temperature of landscape. The study applies simple regression method for the 2000, 2010 and 2018 HDIs with the CI of 1990-2000, 2000-2001 and 2010-2018 periods in 26 sub-districts. The results show that CI has positive correlation with the HDI of 0.086 regression coefficient value. It implies that there is significant correlation of the HDI and CI. The higher the CI value, the higher the HDI will increase. Thus, the regression result is the HDI = 60.103+0.086CI, with <0.05 value (significant). It means every growth by 1% at each sub-district, it will lead the rise of HDI by 0.086% at that sub-district. Meanwhile, the average of annual landscape temperature ascends along the growing CI. The temperature increases significantly by 0.95oC during 1990-2018 periods following the massive land-based investment. On the other hand, prior to the massive land-based investment during 1985-1990, the temperature increase was 0.32oC. Keywords: Change Index, Environmental Condition, Oil Palm, Spatial, Temperature, Welfare AbstrakJurnal ini menggambarkan dinamika lanskap (Change Index – CI) Kabupaten Ketapang dan Kabupaten Kayong Utara, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat pada periode 1990 – 2018 kaitannya dengan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan perubahan kondisi lingkungan. Investasi berbasis lahan mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan dalam 20 tahun terakhir. Kondisi ini mempengaruhi dinamika lanskap dan kondisi iklim. CI dapat diidentifikasi dengan memperhitungkan tekanan manusia terhadap tutupan lahan baik secara spasial dan temporal. Sementara itu, kondisi kesejahteraan masyarakat pada wilayah administrasi kecamatan dihitung dihitung dari Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) wilayah Kabupaten yang dihasilkan dari analisis menggunakan CI. Pada Analisis ini, IPM merupakan variabel terikat dan indek CI merupakan variabel bebas. Kondisi lingkungan landskap menggunakan informasi suhu rata-rata tahunan.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode regresi sederhana antara nilai IPM tahun 2000, 2010, dan 2018 dengan CI periode tahun 1990-2000, 2000-2001, dan 2010-2018 pada 26 wilayah kecamatan. Hasilnya menunjukkan korelasi positif dengan nilai koefisien regresi IPM sebesar 0.086. Ini berarti bahwa terdapat korelasi signifikan antara IPM dan CI. Kenaikan nilai CI akan meningkatkan nilai IPM. Sehingga, regresi yang dihasilkan adalah IPM = 60.103+0.086CI, dengan nilai <0.05 yang berarti bahwa korelasinya sangat signifikan. Hal ini berarti bahwa setiap kenaikan CI sebesar 1% pada setiap kecamatan, maka ini akan meningkatkan nilai IPM sebesar 0.086% pada kecamatan tersebut. Sementara itu, suhu rata-rata tahunan pada lanskap mengalami kenaikan selama adanya peningkatan CI. Suhu pada lanskap meningkat drastis sebesar 0.95oC selama periode 1990-2018, hal ini sejalan dengan investasi berbasis lahan mengalami peningkatan secara massif. Sementara itu, sebelum investasi berbasis lahan dilakukan secara massif pada periode 1985-1990, kenaikan suhu sebesar 0.31oCKata kunci: Change Index, Kelapa Sawit, Kesejahteraan, Kondisi lingkungan, Suhu, Spasia
ANALISIS KEBERADAAN PAKAN ORANGUTAN DAN INDEKS SHANNON-WIENER PADA AREA REBOISASI ASRI DI KAWASAN TAMAN NASIONAL GUNUNG PALUNG
Full text linkGunung Palung National Park had lost 35% of its primary forests over the past 30 years. A forest restoration program is thus vital to restore the damaged forest ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the presence of orangutan food supply and Shannon-Wiener index at Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) restoration site in Gunung Palung National Park. The method applies a species data collection of orangutan food (in 91 sample plots) and calculation of Shannon-Wiener index (in six 2009's plots). The result depicted approximately 65 species from 25 families found in ASRI restoration site. Eighty percent of those species indicated orangutan food. In addition, the restoration site is believed to prevent the orangutan conflict with a human due to food availability in restoration areas for orangutans. Analysis of the Shannon-Wiener index (H') demonstrated a value of H' = 2.789, which indicated that the reforestation forest was in stable condition. The effect of increasing biodiversity as characterized by orangutan nests at restoration sites escalates the presence of wildlife.Keywords: Forest Restoration, Gunung Palung National Park, OrangutanTaman Nasional (TN) Gunung Palung telah kehilangan 35% hutan primer selama 30 tahun terakhir. Program reboisasi diperlukan untuk mengembalikan ekosistem hutan yang telah rusak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis keberadaan pakan orangutan dan indeks Shannon-Wiener di area reboisasi yang dilakukan oleh Yayasan Alam Sehat Lestari (ASRI) di kawasan TN Gunung Palung. Metode yang digunakan adalah monitoring terhadap 91 plot untuk identifikasi pakan orangutan dan 6 plot penanaman tahun 2009 untuk perhitungan indeks Shanon-Wiener. Hasilnya terdapat 65 spesies dari 25 suku yang ditemukan di lokasi reboisasi ASRI. Sebanyak 85% dari spesies tersebut adalah pakan orangutan. Selain itu, keberadaan area reboisasi membantu mencegah konflik ini karena orangutan dapat mencari makanan di area reboisasi. Analisis indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’) didapatkan nilai H’ = 2,789, yang menunjukkan hutan hasil reboisasi berada dalam kondisi menengah atau stabil. Efek peningkatan biodiversitas ditandai dengan sarang-sarang orangutan ditemukan di lokasi reboisasi dan keberadaan satwa liar telah meningkat. Kata kunci: Gunung Palung, Orangutan, Restorasi huta
KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS KANTONG SEMAR (Nepenthes spp.) PADA KONDISI TEMPAT TUMBUH HUTAN RAWA GAMBUT DAN HUTAN KERANGAS DI DALAM DAN SEKITAR KHDTK UNTAN
Full text linkNepenthes is an unique ornamental plant that have various benefits and high aesthetic value. This species is a protected species. West Kalimantan is one of the nepenthes distribution habitats. This research was conducted in the Forest Areas with Special Purpose (KHDTK) Universitas Tanjungpura (UNTAN), Landak Regency. The purpose of this study is to obtain the data of Nepenthes species diversity on the conditions in which peat swamp forests and kerangas forests grow in and around the KHDTK UNTAN. The method used are survey method with a sampling technique using a double plot with a size of 2m x 2m. The results showed that there were 3 types of Nepenthes found; N. ampullaria Jack, N. mirabilis Druce and N. rafflesiana Jack. Nepenthes species diversity in both habitats is low, in peat swamp forest the value of Nepenthes species diversity is 0,198 and in kerangas forest value is 0,035.Keywords: Nepenthes, Species Diversity, Habitat, Peat Swamp, Keranga
ETNOBOTANI PEWARNA ALAM TENUN IKAT DI DUSUN TEKALONG DESA LANJAK DERAS KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU
Full text linkThe study aims to obtain information about traditional knowledge and local wisdom of the Tekalong sub-village, Lanjak Deras Village, Kapuas Hulu Regency towards natural coloring plants and identify natural color plants dyes for weaving. The method of this study was participatory observation. Respondents was determined by using purposive sampling techniques. Plant Identification based on morphological characteristic, while local knowledge of the community is described based on the result of interviews with weaving craftsman in the Tekalong sub-village. The results showed that were 13 species of natural coloring plants found and utilized, namely Melastoma polyanthum BI, Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth, Psychotria viridiflora (Reinw). Ex. Blume, Eusideroxylon zwageri Teijsm. & Binn, Shorea spp, Morinda citrifolia L., Garcinia mangostana L., Areca catechu L, Mangifera indica L., Cocos nucifera L., Nephelium lappaceum L., Durio zubethinus Murr, dan Artocarpus heterophyllus Lamk. Plant organs utilized are leaves, fruits, flowers, stems, roots and barks. The plant processing that are generally done by boiling and pounding. Color produced are purple, green, yellow, maroon, red and brown. The processing of natural dyes by the community of Tekalong sub-village still pays attention on their customs and prohibitions or restrictions in their culture.Keywords: Ethnobotany, identification, indigenous knowledge, natural colo
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT LOKAL DALAM PENGELOLAAN EKOWISATA MANGROVE DI KELURAHAN OESAPA BARAT KOTA KUPANG
Full text linkEcotourism in the Mangrove area of West Oesapa Village can be an advantage of alternative to the development of ecotourism within the framework of tourism management and its development by the area manager and the local community. The development of ecotourism is undivided by the participation or social involvement in planning and implementing program to support the preservation of mangrove forests, the preservation of the coastal environment, and the fulfillment of the socio-economic requirement. Therefore, social participation is primary element to analyzed data. This research used descriptive qualitative methods through the distribution of questionnaires to related parties and then compiled them quantitatively to showed certainty value. As a result, the level of social participation in the management of mangrove ecotourism in order to develop ecotourism areas in West Oesapa Village is poor. Supporting of the preservation is required by all related parties to provide knowledge and concern so that, programs of the ecotourism development program in the West Oesapa Village can run as expected. Keywords: Ecotourism, mangrove ecotourism, social participationEkowisata di kawasan mangrove Kelurahan Oesapa Barat dapat menjadi alternatif manfaat pengembangan ekowisata dalam rangka pengelolaan dan pengembangan wisata dari pihak pengelola kawasan maupun pihak masyarakat sekitar. Pengembangan ekowisata ini tidak dapat dipisahkan dari partisipasi atau keterlibatan masyarakat dalam perencanaan maupun implementasinya guna mendukung pelestarian kawasan hutan mangrove, pelestarian lingkungan pesisir, dan pemenuhan kebutuhan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, partisipasi masyarakat menjadi unsur penting dalam pengelolaan data. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif melalui penyebaran kuisioner kepada pihak terkait dan kemudian dikaji secara kuantitatif untuk menunjukkan nilai nyata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan ekowisata mangrove guna mengembangkan kawasan ekowisata di Kelurahan Oesapa Barat sangat rendah. Dukungan dari pengelola dibutuhkan oleh semua pihak terkait untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan kepedulian agar program pengembangan ekowisata Kelurahan Oesapa Barat dapat berjalan sesuai harapan.Kata kunci: Ekowisata, ekowisata mangrove, partisipasi masyarakat
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK METANOL Acalypha hispida TERHADAP BAKTERI Shigella flexneri DAN Bacillus cereus IHB B 379
Full text linkAbstractAcalpha hispida flower commonly used as traditional medicine. The antibacterial potential of the A. hispida flower can be used to treat diarrhea and cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity and effective concentration of methanol extract of A. hispida flower against to S. flexneri and B. cereus. Sample used was flower of A. hispida from Kota Pontianak. The solvent used is metahnol. Antibacterial activity test using the disc diffusion method (Kirby-Bauer) with parameters based on grading levels extract concentration in S. flexneri was 1.2; 1.3; 1.4; 1.5; and 1.6 g/ml and B. cereus for 0.75; 0.80; 0.85; 0.90; and 0.95 g/mL, 10% DMSO and ciprofloaxin as a comparison. the results of the research showed that the concentration of methanol extract of A. hispida flower which can effectively inhibit the growth of S. flexneri and B. cereus bacteria at 1.2 g / mL and 0.75 g / mL. The methanol extract of A. hispida flower contains compounds of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, steroids and terpenoids.Keywords : Acalypha hispida, Antibacterial, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus cereus AbstrakAcalypha hispida merupakan tanaman obat trardisional yang sudah dimanfaatkan masyarakat secara turun temurun untuk mengobati diare dan kanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan konsentrasi efektif ekstrak metanol bunga A. hispida terhadap bakteri Shigella flexneri dan Bacillus cereus. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan adalah bunga A. hispida yang diperoleh dari Kota Pontianak. Pelarut yang digunakan adalah methanol. Uji aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi cakram (Kirby-Bauer) dengan perlakuan 5 taraf konsentrasi ekstrak pada bakteri S. flexneri sebesar 1,2; 1,3; 1,4; 1,5; dan 1,6 g/ml serta pada bakteri B. cereus IHB B 379 sebesar 0,75; 0,80; 0,85; 0,90; dan 0,95 g/mL, DMSO 10% serta sebagai pembanding digunakan ciprofloaxin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak methanol bunga A. hispida yang secara efektif dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. flexneri dan B. cereus sebesar 1,2 g/mL dan 0,75 g/mL. Ekstrak methanol bunga A. hispida mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, tannin, fenol, steroid dan terpenoid.Kata kunci: Acalypha hispida, antibakteri, Shigella flexneri, Bacillus cereu
SISTEM MANAJEMEN PENGELOLAAN HUTAN FSC, PEFC, ISO 38200:2018 DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP KINERJA INDUSTRI KAYU DI INDONESIA
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of FSC Chain of Custody forest management, PEFC Sustainable Forest Management and ISO 38200 Chain of wood custody and wood-based products on the performance of the wood industry business in Indonesia performance indicators namely customer satisfaction, increased sales and productivity. This research was conducted in several companies that process wood or use wood as the main material in Indonesia with 400 respondents. Respondents are wood industry employees as top management, managers and staff who have a planor have implemented FSC, PEFC and ISO 38200. The background of this study is due to the lack of PEFC, FSC and ISO 38200 research on wood in Indonesia. Data collection was carried out by distributing electronic online questionnaires in August to November 2019 and analyzing data processing using Structural Equation Model (SEM) and Linear Structural Model (LISREL) software version 8.70. The results of the analysis show that FSC Chain of Custody, PEFC Sustainable Forest Management and ISO 38200 Chain of custody from wood and wood-based affect the business significantly and positively such as increased customer satisfaction, increased sales and increased productivity.Keywords: FSC, Forest Management, ISO 38200, PEFC.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengelolaan hutan FSC Chain of Custody, PEFC Sustainable Forest Management dan ISO 38200 Chain of custody kayu dan produk berbasis kayu terhadap kinerja bisnis industri kayu di Indonesia indikator kinerja yaitu kepuasan Pelanggan, peningkatan penjualan dan produktivitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan di beberapa perusahaan yang mengolah kayu atau menggunakan kayu sebagai bahan utama di Indonesia dengan 400 responden. Responden adalah karyawan industri kayu sebagai manajemen puncak, manajer dan staf yang memiliki planor telah menerapkan FSC, PEFC dan ISO 38200. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah karena kurangnya penelitian PEFC, FSC dan ISO 38200 pada kayu di Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan mendistribusikan kuesioner online elektronik pada Agustus hingga November 2019 dan menganalisis pemrosesan data menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM) dan software Linear Structural Model (LISREL) versi 8.70. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa FSC Chain of Custody, PEFC Sustainable Forest Management dan ISO 38200 Chain of custody dari kayu dan berbahan dasar kayu mempengaruhi bisnis secara signifikan dan positif seperti peningkatan kepuasan pelanggan, Peningkatan penjualan dan peningkatan produktivitas.Kata Kunci: FSC, ISO 38200, PEFC, Pengelolaan Hutan.