Jurnal TENGKAWANG
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SIFAT ANTIBAKTERI Enterococcus faecalis EKSTRAK KULIT KAYU MANGGA PELAM (Mangifera laurina Blum.)
No full textPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat antibakteri dari ekstrak metanol kulit kayu manga pelam (Mangifera laurina Blum.) terhadap Enterococcus faecalis. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi pembuatan ekstrak methanol (maserasi), skrining fitokimia dan pengujian aktivitas antibakteri (cakram difusi Kirby and Beuer). Kulit kayu M. laurina memiliki rendemen sebesar 17,99% (kadar air serbuk10,17%), dan terdeteksi mengandung golongan senyawa aktif seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, fenolik dan tanin. Aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi khususnya dalam penghambatan pertumbuhan E. faecalis adalah pada kosentrasi 200mg/mL dengan zona hambat 6.042±0,813 mm
IDENTIFIKASI SPESIES BEGONIA LITOFIT DI KABUPATEN BENGKAYANG KALIMANTAN BARAT
Full text linkBegonia is a plant from the flowering tribe of Begoniaceae which still has not revealed much diversity and potential. Begonia recorded in Borneo includes Brunei 21 species, Kalimantan 5 species, Sabah 82 species and Sarawak 96 species. Generally begonias are found in calcareous rocks also in sandy and granite rocks. Begonia can also be found around waterfalls or small streams. Begonia grows from lowlands to hilly forests. This study aims to identify the Begonia genus in Bengkayang Districts. This study uses an exploratory method by exploring the entire area from corner to corner by using the length of the observation path from the river bank to the height level representing ecosystems and vegetation on the location studied. Result of research there are species of Begonia serianensis C. W. Lin & C.-I Peng., Begonia promethea Ridl. Begonia calcarea Ridl., Begonia bawangensis Hughes. sp. nov. (in prep.) dan Begonia magnicarpa C.W.Lin & C. I Peng.Keywords: Bengkayang District, Identification, Litophyte Begonia.Begonia merupakan tumbuhan berbunga Begoniaceae yang masih belum banyak terungkap keanekaragaman dan potensinya. Begonia yang terdata di Borneo meliputi Brunei 21 spesies, Kalimantan 5 spesies, Sabah 82 spesies dan Sarawak 96 spesies. Umumnya begonia terdapat pada batuan berkapur juga di batuan berpasir dan granit. Begonia juga dapat ditemukan di sekitar air terjun atau aliran air kecil. Begonia tumbuh dari dataran rendah hingga hutan perbukitan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dari genus Begonia yang ada di Kabupaten Bengkayang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksplorasi dengan menjelajah seluruh kawasan dari sudut ke sudut dengan mengunakan panjang jalur pengamatan baik dari tepi sungai sampai pada tingkat ketinggian yang dapat mewakili ekosistem maupun vegetasi pada lokasi yang diteliti. Hasil penelitian terdapat lima spesies, yaitu Begonia serianensis C. W. Lin & C.-I Peng., Begonia promethea Ridl. Begonia calcarea Ridl., Begonia bawangensis Hughes. sp. nov. (in prep.) dan Begonia magnicarpa C.W.Lin & C. I Peng.Kata kunci: Begonia litofit, Identifikasi, Kabupaten Bengkayang
ESTIMASI KARBON TERSIMPAN DIATAS PERMUKAAN TANAH (ABOVE GROUND) DI KAWASAN MEMPAWAH MANGROVE PARK KABUPATEN MEMPAWAH
Full text linkThis study aims to estimate carbon stored in above ground at the Mempawah Mangrove Park (MMP) area of Mempawah District, the data used were mangrove planted in 2013. Full Enumeration was used in this study while collecting the data applied non destructive sampling method for the tree, its was a diameter of ≥ 5 cm. Based on the results of measurements and observations in the field directly, it had 63 of the total number of line which were done by all the areas of Mempawah Mangrove Park in Mempawah District. The result of this study reveals which has 2 (two) kinds of mangrove. They are Avicennia marina dan Rhizopora stylosa. Avicennia marina is kinds of mangrove that dominate with the total number of 35 individuals based on the tree level and 1404 individuals relating the stake level. Then, Rhizopora stylosa gets the stake level for two individuals so that the stand density is 379.21 /ha. The value of biomass in the MMP area is 7.16 tons C / ha and the carbon value in the MMP area is 3.37 tons C / ha.Keywords: Above Ground Biomass, Carbon, Mangrove ForestsPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga karbon tersimpan di atas permukaan tanah di kawasan Mempawah Mangrove Park (MMP) Kabupaten Mempawah, data yang digunakan yaitu data yang ditanam pada tahun 2013. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pengamatan secara menyeluruh (full enumeration), sedangkan untuk mengumpulkan data di lapangan menggunakan metode non destructive sampling (pengukuran tanpa melakukan pemanenan) pada pohon yang berdiameter > 5 cm. Berdasarkan hasil dari pengukuran dan pengamatan secara langsung di lapangan dengan jumlah jalur sebanyak 63 yang dilakukan pada seluruh kawasan MMP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jenis mangrove yaitu jenis Avicennia mariana dan Rhizopora stylosa yang mendominasi pada kawasan MMP, dimana A. Mariana merupakan jenis yang mendominasi dengan jumlah 35 individu pada tingkat pohon dan 1.404 individu pada tingkat pancang, sedangkan untuk jenis R. Stylosa hanya terdapat pada tingkat pancang dengan jumlah 2 individu sehingga didapatlah kerapatan tegakan sebesar 379,21 ind/Ha. Nilai biomassa pada kawasan MMP sebesar 7,16 ton C/Ha dan nilai karbon pada kawasan MMP sebesar 3,37 ton C/Ha.Kata kunci : mangrove, Karbon, karbon tersimpa
APLIKASI UREA DAN TANAH BERMIKORIZA PADA PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN SERTA INFEKSI MIKORIZA PADA AKAR SENGON LAUT (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielson)
Full text linkDecrease plant nutrient and water in the land is very alarming. The function of mycorrhizae is very beneficial for plants in forest areas that can be considered critical. Urea which is an instant fertilizer is often used by Indonesian farmers, but it has a negative impact on the soil. The nutrients contained in urea are 45% -46% is Nirogen. The purpose of this research was to study the development of the use of mycorrhizal soils by using urea fertilizer and its interactions, as well as to search for roots infected by mycorrhizae. This research was conducted in the greenhouse at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang conducted from January to February 2017. The design used in the study was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with a combination of 16 and 3 replications. Data analysis was done by BNJ ANAVA followed and identification of mycorrhizae in the roots of sea sengon plants. At a dose of 300 grams of mycorrhizae soil is better than other doses. The dose of urea has been effected on sengon laut from the parameters of height and number of leaves. A dose of 1.5 grams of urea produces better plants than other doses. Root infection by mycorrhizae gets the greatest results on the combination of M2P2 with a yield of 30%. The type that is in the infected root is Glomus sp. The effect of mycorrhizae occurs only on the root length of plants.Keywords: Mycorrhiza, Root Infection, Sengon Laut, UreaPenurunan kualitas unsur hara dan air pada lahan kehutanan sangat memprihatinkan. Fungsi mikoriza yang sangat menguntungkan bagi tanaman pada lahan hutan yang dapat dikatakan kritis. Urea yang merupakan pupuk instan ini sering digunakan oleh para petani Indonesia, namun dapat berdampak negatif terhadap tanah. Unsur hara yang terkandung dalam urea ini 45%-46% adalah unsur N. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui perbandingan pertumbuhan penggunaan tanah bermikoriza dengan penggunaan pupuk urea dan interaksinya, serta mengidentifikasi akar yang terinfekis oleh mikoriza. Penelitian ini dilakukan di green house Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Maret 2017. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap (RAKL) dengan kombinasi sebanyak 16 dan 3 kali ulangan. Data yang dianalisis menggunakan uji BNJ dan identifikasi mikoriza pada akar tanaman sengon laut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada dosis 300 gram tanah bermikoriza lebih baik dibandingkan dosis lainnya. Dosis urea sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan sengon laut dari parameter tinggi dan jumlah daun. Dosis urea sebanyak 1,5 gram menghasilkan tanaman yang lebih baik dibandingkan dosis lainnya. Infeksi akar oleh mikoriza mendapatkan persentase terbesar pada kombinasiM2P2 yaitu 30%. Jenis yang terdapat pada terinfeksinya akar yakni jenis Glomus sp. Pengaruh mikoriza ini terjadi hanya pada panjang akar tanaman saja.Kata Kunci:Infeksi Akar,Mikoriza,Sengon Laut, Ure
POLA TANAM PROPAGUL DAN BIBIT Rhizophora stylosa Griff. PADA TAPAK BERLUMPUR DI AREAL REHABILITASI MANGROVE DESA MENDALOK
Full text linkPropagul plant patterns and seeds Rhizophora stylosa Griff.on muddy site in mangrove rehabilitation area of Mendalok Village. This study aims to find the source of sapling and appropriate cropping pattern on the muddy site in mangrove rehabilitation area Mendalok Village. Research using factorial complete design with four treatment combinations, namely A1B1 (Seeds R. stylosa with square plant patterns/ 1 m x 1 m), A1B2 (Seeds R. stylosa with cluster plant pattern / 0.2 m x 0.5 m), A 2 B 1(Propagul R. stylosa with square plant patterns) and A2B2 (Propagul R. stylosa with cluster plant pattern). Each treatment was repeated 5 times. The results showed that the source of saplings (propagules and seeds) have a significant effect on living percentage and have a very real effect on the high growth, diameter and number of R. stylosa leaves. Treatment planting pattern (square and cluster) has not shown any real effectto live percent, high growth, diameter and number of leaves until age 4 months of planting. The results showed the best live percentage was shown by treatment A2B1 amounted to 69.33%. The best high growth is the treatment of A2B2which is 13.94 cm. The best diameter growth is the treatment of A1B1andA1B2 is 0.54 cm. The best growth of leaf number is treatment A1B1ie 8.48 strands. The soil at the research site is a muddy substrate with a dust texture of 60.44%, 38.02% clay and 1.54% sand. Propagules and R. stylosa seedlings can grow well if they are able to adapt to ocean currents.Keywords: cluster, muddy substrate, propagule, Rhizophora stylosa, squarePola tanam propagul dan bibit Rhizophora stylosa Griff. pada tapak berlumpur di areal rehabilitasi mangrove Desa Mendalok. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan sumber anakan dan pola tanam yang sesuai pada tapak berlumpur di areal rehabilitasi mangrove Desa Mendalok. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan factorial Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 kombinasi perlakuan, yaitu A1B1 (Bibit R. stylosa dengan pola tanam bujursangkar/ 1 m x 1 m), A1B2 (Bibit R. stylosa dengan pola tanam cluster/ 0,2 m x 0,5 m), A2B1 (Propagul R. stylosa dengan pola tanam bujursangkar) dan A2B2 (Propagul R. stylosa dengan pola tanam cluster). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 5 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan sumber anakan (propagul dan bibit) berpengaruh nyata bagi persen hidup dan berpengaruh sangat nyata pada pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter dan jumlah daun R. stylosa. Perlakuan pola tanam (bujursangkar dan cluster) belum menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap persen hidup, pertumbuhan tinggi, diameter dan jumlah daun sampai umur 4 bulan penanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persen hidup terbaik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan A2B1 sebesar 69,33 %. Pertumbuhan tinggi terbaik adalah perlakuan A2B2 yaitu sebesar 13,94 cm. Pertumbuhan diameter terbaik adalah perlakuan A1B1 dan A1B2 yaitu 0,54 cm. Pertumbuhan jumlah daun terbaik adalah perlakuan A1B1 yaitu 8,48 helai. Tanah di lokasi penelitian merupakan substrat berlumpur dengan tekstur debu 60,44 %, liat 38,02 % dan pasir 1,54 %. Propagul dan bibit R. stylosa dapat tumbuh dengan baik jika mampu beradaptasi terhadap arus laut.Kata kunci : bujur sangkar, cluster, propagul, Rhizophora stylosa, substrat berlumpu
Identifikasi Senyawa Kimia Minyak Sereh Wangi Klon G3 (Cymbopogon nardus L.) dengan Media Tanam Tanah Gambut dan Potensinya Sebagai Antibakteri Enterococcus faecalis
Full text linkPlants as an alternative medicinal becomes an option to cope of the synthetic antibiotic resistance to disease-causing bacteria. Essential oil of citronella (Cymbopogon nardus L.) contains antibacterial compounds that citronellal, geraniol and citronellol obtained through steam distillation and water. E. faecalis is among bacteria develops resistance to antibiotics. This experimental reasearch is aimed to test the antibacterial activity of citronella oil were planted in peat soils from West Kalimantan againts E. faecalis bacteria and to identify chemical compounds of citronella oil quantitatively by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectometry (GCMS) analysis. Testing of antibacterial activity of citronella oil using disc diffusion method in MHA with concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% and be repeated 3 times. The controls used amoxicillin and amikacin (positive control) and DMSO (negative control). The research result obtained was fourth of concentration test has a response barriers against E. faecalis with an average diameter category sequentially 10.667 ± 1.155 mm; 15.333 ± 0.577 mm; 20.667 ± 1.155 mm; 24.667 ± 0.577 mm. GCMS analysis identified that citronella oil has 26 chemical compounds. Three major compounds with the largest percentage areas are geraniol (31.65%), citronellal (19.42%) and citronellol (15.56%). It was concluded that citronella oil contains antibacterial compounds and the most effective against E. faecalis in a concentration of 20%.Keywords: antibacterial, E. faecalis, GC-MS, citronella oil, steam distillation and wate
RENDEMEN EKSTRAK ETANOL DAN UJI FITOKIMIA TIGA JENIS TUMBUHAN OBAT KALIMANTAN BARAT (Rendement of Ethanol Extracts and Phytochemical Tests In Three of Species Medicinal Plants of West Borneo)
Full text linkThe tropical rain forest in West Borneo has a variety of plants species that have been used as an ingredient in traditional medicines such as pelanjau wood (Pentaspadon motleyi Hook.f), bakau wood (Rhizopora apiculata) and gerunggang bark (Cratoxylum arborescens (Vahl) Bl). Aim of this research is to determine the yields of pelanjau wood, bakau wood and gerunggang bark ethanol-soluble extracts and bioactive compounds through phytochemical tests. The extraction using was done ethanol as solvent and by maceration. The extracts of obtained phytochemical tested. The results showed that the yield of ethanol extracts pelanjau wood, bakau wood and gerunggang bark was 7,14%; 4,34% and 9,47%, respectively. Pelanjau wood extracts contained the bioactive compounds tannins and flavonoids; bakau wood and gerunggang bark contained tannins, saponins, flavonoids and quinines Key word : Rendement, ethanol extracts, phytochemical, medicinal plant, West Borne
PERILAKU MENGGARAM GAJAH SUMATERA (Elephas maximus sumatranus) DI PUSAT KONSERVASI GAJAH TAMAN NASIONAL WAY KAMBAS
Full text linkThis research is purposed to find out the sumateranus elephants natural salting behavior and to find out the salt content in the soli in sumateranus elephants salt licks by used exploration method. The result of the research shows that adult male and female of sumateranus elephant have the same natural salting behaviour. The natural salting bahaviour is divided into 4 division based on the shepherding place, the are swamp, savannah, edge, and mudhole. Salting frequency is influenced by 3 factors they are the availability of woof, condition of health, and weather. The longest salting duration in mudhole. The way of salting is utilizing organs among others: trunk, tusks, ang feet. The average of salt inside the soil in salting place is 0,0133%. Key words: salting behavior, sumateranus elephant, Elephant Conservation Cente
KARAKTERISTIK PAPAN SEMEN BERBAHAN BAKU KAYU KEMIRI (Aleurites moluccana) YANG DIBUAT MELALUI INJEKSI KARBON DIOKSIDA (CO2) UNTUK PERCEPATAN CURING SEMEN
Full text linkThe main problem of cement board manufacturing technology is the length of curing time required to achieve the complete hardening cement. In this reseach, acceleration curing technology has been developed through injection of carbon dioxide (CO2). This research was aimed to analyze the characteristics of cement boards that are made by using CO2 to accelerate the curing process. The wood materials used in this study was candlenut (Aleurites moluccana). Cement board is made with the composition of wood, cement, water: 1: 2.5: 1.25 with a target density of 1 g cm-3. CO2 injection is applied in three phase namely, liquid phase (15oC temperature & 50 kg cm-2 pressure), gas phase (27 oC temperature & 50 kg cm-2 pressure), and super-critical phase (35 oC temperature & 80 kg cm-2 pressure). Each phase is combined with three levels treatment time, namely, 10, 30, and 60 minutes. As a control, cement board with a conventional curing process that was conditioned for 28 days in room condition has been produced. The research results indicated that CO2 injection applications in various phases to produce cement board have better characteristics compared to that of conventional cement board. Cement board using CO2 injection in liquid phase has better characteristics compared to those of gas and super critical phases. However the optimum conditions achieved in the injection time for 60 minutes, while applications with supercritical CO2 has been able to achieve the best results with 10 minutes of injection time. Key words. Cement board, CO2, curing, candlenut woo
PERFORMANSI DUSUNG PALA SEBAGAI SALAH SATU AGROFORESTRI TRADISIONAL DI MALUKU
Full text linkManagement of dusung nutmeg is one form of land use systems and community-based forests can provide economic benefits, ecological and socio-cultural. This study aims to describe and explain management performance (productivity, sustainability, equity and efficiency benefits) of dusung nutmeg as a traditional agroforestry system in Maluku. The results showed: dusung formation in the Moluccas through three phases, namely gardens/fields phase, aong (former mixed farms left) phase and dusung phase. Dusung have aspects in terms of economic development, environment and management is essential for the development of its performance. The results show that (1) the cost structure and revenue productivity of farmers nutmeg correlated with the number of plants grown, (2) efforts cultivating and securing is done by the owner with the help of kewang (rangers) are assigned to secure dusung and implementation of sasi, this shows the orientation of the productivity and sustainability, (3) public priorities in dusung management is commercial needs for nutmeg and cloves and subsistence for vegetables, (4) raising dusung relatively efficient if calculated by the ratio of input and output production, and institutional is looked clearly the rights associated with ownership, control, management and so on as well as the availability of and respect for the rules to be mutually agreed between dusung owners, managers, harvesters and the surrounding communities. Keywords: agroforestry, dusung pala, performan