KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia
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POTENSI PRODUKSI BIOFUEL DARI BIOMASSA FITOPLANKTON LAUT SPESIES Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina DAN Spirulina sp., YANG DITUMBUHKAN DALAM NUTRIEN UNGGUL “MSSIP†TERINDUKSI ION LOGAM Fe, Co, DAN Ni
Get PDFResearch about composition of superior nutrients, growth parameters, and best method to maximize production of biomass sea phytoplankton, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. has been performed. The nutrients was named as MSSIP which were consist of following compositions: urea fertilizer, Arschat-M nutrient, Fe:Co:Ni metal ions (6 : 3 : 9 : 6 : 3). Methods used were identification and analysis of sea phytoplankton. Determination of optimum growth condition, pure culture, and mass culture were using local raw materials-based engineered nutrients or MSSIP (M. Sjahrul-Syahruddin Kasim-Indah Raya-Paulina Taba). Determination of product density of sea phytoplankton biomass, analyses of carbohydrate content, and lipid biomass were done by using haemocytometer and microscope, Luff Schrol method, and soxhlet method (n-hexane as solvent), respectively. Morphology of phytoplankton was identified by using a digital camera microscope, SZ60/sZ60-61. Furthermore, to understand the effect of metal ions, Fe, Co, and Ni added into MSSIP nutrient, identification of nutrient before and after culturing process were done using XRF-Thermo-Fisher. The results showed that Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. were suitable as raw materials to produce biofuel. Those three phytoplankton contained 0,3095 g/L, 0,3782 g/L, and 0,3325 g/L biomass, 32,49%w/w, 31,58%w/w, and 29,81%w/w carbohydrates; and 25,95%w/w, 26,82%w/w and 24,53%w/w lipid, respectively. Best optimum condition of culture were salinity of 30-35%, temperature of 20-30 °C, pH of 8-9, initial density of 2.5 x 104 cell/mL, light exposure of 40 watt, and continuously aerated with CO2. Based on our study, sea phytoplankton, Chlorella vulgaris, Dunaliella salina, and Spirulina sp. have a high potency as source of bioethanol and biodiesel.Keywords: mass culture, superior nutrient MSSIP, sea phytoplankton biomass, Fe, Co, Ni metal ion
PEMANFAATAN SANTAN INSTAN KADALUARSA UNTUK PRODUKSI MINYAK SECARA FERMENTASI
Get PDFThis research use the expired instant coconut milk for 2 months. The goal is to find out whether the coconut milk can be used to produce oil. The method does is with variation of the total number of laru 0,5 mL oil; 0,75 mL; 1 mL; 1,25 mL; and 1,50 mL by volume per volume (v/v). the fermentation time and 18 hours, 24 hours, 30 hours, and 36 minutes. Results of the study that the amount of oil the oil laru yield the highest oil is 1,50 mL with 28% yield and fermentation time of 30 hours, while the lowest was at the time of fermentation 18 hours i.e. 15%.Keywords: instant coconut milk, expired, coconut oil, yeast, oil, quality and  yiel
PRODUKSI GLUKOSA DARI JERAMI PADI (Oryza sativa) MENGGUNAKAN JAMUR Trichoderma sp.
Get PDFResearch glucose production from rice straw (Oryza sativa) using Trichoderma sp. has conducted. This study aime is to determine the effect konsentrasi Trichoderma sp. And a straw fermentation of rice (Oryza sativa) against production. Research glucose levels was done using a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial pattern 4 variation of the concentration of Trichoderma sp. (0%, 24%, 36% and 48%) and fermentation time (3, 4, 5and6 weeks), glucose levels were analyzed using DNS with UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The measurement results showed that the highest glucose levels obtained at various concentration Trichoderma sp. 36% fermentation time during the five week sthat is equal to 14.525%. There is a positive interaction between the concentration of Trichoderma sp. and the fermentation time, the best combination of time and fungal concentration of 5 weeks and 36%, respectively.Keywords : Rice straw, Trichoderma sp., Fermentation, DNS, Spectrophotometer Uv-Visibel, Glucose
KAJIAN BIOREMEDIASI PADA TANAH TERCEMAR PESTISIDA
Get PDFThe use of pesticides to eradicate pests are an integral part in farming system. Pesticides use  to increase production and protect the production of physical defects can also cause pollution on agricultural land. The presence of pesticide residues in soil and agricultural production can cause health problems for human and animals and even death. To overcome this problem there needs a way to degrade hazardous waste in the  environment by performing the remediation. Remediation is carried out by microorganisms fungi, bacteria and algae known as bioremediation. Bioremediation aims to transform compounds into harmless compounds with the end result are  carbon dioxide, water and biomass cells. The advantages of bioremediation are  environmentally friendly, highly efficient, low cost, can be implemented directly in the field, laboratory and combined with chemical and physical methods.Keywords: bioremediation, soil degradation, pesticides, microorganism
PENGARUH VARIASI JENIS ASAM TERHADAP RENDEMEN GELATIN DARI TULANG IKAN CAKALANG (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Get PDFThe research about “The Effect of Variation of the Type of Acid on Gelatine Yield from Cakalang Fish Bone (Katsuwonus pelamis)â€. The aim of this research was to determine the higher gelatine rendament using various of type of acid. This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD), each treatment was done in duplo.The acid variation in this research were Chloride, Sulphate, Phosphoric, Acetic, Oxalate and Citrate acid respectively. The result showed that the highest rendament was 14,658% at 5% of phosphoric acid. The analysis of the treatment has fulfilled the standard. Keywords : Gelatine, Cakalang fish bone, Isolate, Yiel
PRODUKSI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS ENZIM KITINASE DARI ISOLAT BAKTERI TERMOFILIK B1211 ASAL AIR PANAS BORA
Get PDFThis research aims to production of chitinase from thermophylic bacteria that living in Bora hot spring and to determine of chitinase extracts activity. The research was began with rejuvenated of B1211 bacteria isolates on MSM agar media.  The B1211 isolates was used to production of chitinase extracts on MSM broth media with chitin colloidal concentration of 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4% and incubation temperature of 30oC (rt), 37oC, 50oC, and 60oC for 3 days. The chitinase activity were analyzed based on N-acetyl-D-glucosamine standard. The results was showed that B1211 bacteria isolates is potential isolate for production chitinase. The highest activity of chitinase from B1211 bacteria isolates of 0.75 U/mL for chitin colloidals concentration of 1% and temperature of 60oC.Keywords : Bora, hot spring, bacteria, thermophylic, B1211 isolates, chitinase
PENGARUH WAKTU PROSES DEASETILASI KITIN DARI CANGKANG BEKICOT (Achatina fulica) TERHADAP DERAJAT DEASETILASI
Get PDFABSTRACT Research on the effect of chitin deacetylation processing times from shells of snails on the degree of deacetylation has conducted with a variations of 60 minutes, 90 minutes, 120 minutes and 150 minutes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of times improvement in the chitin deacetylation process of the degree of deacetylation. The degree of deacetylation is determined using Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results show the degree of deacetylation increases with the length of time the process of deacetylation that is 60 minutes to produce the degree of deacetylation of 55.6%, a degree of deacetylation of 90 minutes produces 62.4%, 120 minutes produces 70.3% degree of deacetylation, and time 150 minutes to produce the degree of deacetylation of 84.3%. So that, the length of time spent on the process of deacetylation of chitin from a snail shells, can increase the degree of deacetylation. Keywords: Snail Shells, Times, Degree of Deacetylation, Chitin, Chitosa
APLIKASI KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa paradisiaca formatypica) SEBAGAI ADSORBEN ION MERKURI (Hg)
Get PDFABSTRACT The study aims are to determine the influence of the best of smooth and the best of volume eluent of the concentration of ion mercury (II) the colomn with the flow from top to bottom. These are used has a diameter 1 cm, height 35 cm and adsorbent 5 g. The variations upon the smooth which is used 10, 20 and 30 mL/minute ad the volume of eluent 10, 50, 100 and 150 mL with a concentration 60 mg/L at pH 5. This study is using random the factorial, each treatment done as much as two times. From the results showed that the best of smooth be achieved in the smooth 10 mL/minute and the best of volume eluent be achieved in the volume of 150 mL in adsorption of ion mercury (II). Keywords : Smooth, Volume of eluent, Kepok banana’s peels, Mercury
SINTESIS SURFAKTAN METIL ESTER SULFONAT (MES) DARI METIL LAURAT
Get PDFSynthesis of surfactant methyl ester sulfonate (MES) of methyl laurate has been done. This study aims to determine the best mole ratio between the methyl esters of lauric acid with sulfonated agent NaHSO3 in sulfonated methyl laurate. Mole variation used in this study are 1:1; 1:1,2; 1:1,4 and 1;1,6 (v/w). Best value MES emulsion stability, acid value and the surface tension is 94,5 minutes,1.3 ml KOH/ g sample, 39.3 dyne/cm in 1:4 ratio produces. MES synthesis produced by sulfonate group shown in the FTIR spectra in the wave number around 1366.52 to 1015.30 cm. Keywords : Surfactant Methyl Ester Sulfonate, Methyl Laurate
KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK ETANOL BUNGA TANAMAN TEMBELEKAN (Lantana camara L.)
Get PDFResearch on the characterization of the ethanol extract of the flowers of tembelekan (Lantana camara L) has done. This study aims are to determine: (1) the functional group and the absorption spectrum of ethanol extract of flowers tembelekan, (2) the type of eluent used for separating the colored substance ethanol extracts of flowers tembelekan by TLC, (3) absorption spectrum and FTIR extracts and results of separation preparative TLC. Achievement of the objectives is done through the ethanol extract of flowers tembelekan by maceration, followed by taking the spectrum of UV-Vis and FTIR as well as analysis by TLC. The results showed extract ethanol absorbs light at a wavelength of 330 nm which gives an indication that there is a possibility flavonoids, flavonols and flavones. Good eluent use in the separation of components using preparative TLC were eluent a mixture of butanol / acetic acid / water = 4: 1: 5 (v / v / v), which gives an indication of at least one type of compounds in the extract, such as yellow, which has a functional group the free hydroxy group, bonded hydrogen bonding and group C=O.Keywords : flower extract tembelekan , TLC , FTIR spectr