KOVALEN: Jurnal Riset Kimia
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Aktivitas Afrodisiak Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tumbuhan Bungkus (Smilax rotundifolia L.) terhadap Fertilitas Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus): The Aphrodisiac Activity of Ethanol Extract of Bungkus Leaf (Smilax rotundifolia L.) on The Fertility of White Male Rats (Rattus norvegicus)
Get PDFAphrodisiac is a substance that can increase stamina, libido (sexual desire), and male fertility. This study aims to determine the secondary metabolites contained in the leaves of the Bungkus plant (Smilax rotundifolia L.), to determine the aphrodisiac activity of the leaf extract of the Bungkus plant on the fertility parameters of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). This study used an experimental method with a modified post-test randomized controlled group design using 15 male white rats and 30 female white rats which were divided into 3 treatment groups, namely pairing each male rat with 2 female white rats (1 : 2). Each group consisted of 5 male rats and 10 female rats, namely the normal control group (NaCMC 0.5%), the positive control group (X-Gra 51.37 mg/kgBW), the control group the leaf extract test sample of the Bungkus plant (S. rotundifolia L.) with a dose of 200 mg/kgBW. The research data were analyzed using the SPSS 25 statistical test. The results of this study indicate that the leaf extract of the Bungkus plant contains secondary metabolites flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and tannins. The administration of Bungkus leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/kgBW showed a difference in the percentage value of the pregnancy index and a significant effect on the fertility index value
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Inhibitor dari Eceng Gondok dalam Air Hujan dan Air Kran terhadap Laju Korosi: Effect of Water Hyacinth Inhibitor Concentration in Rain Water and Tap Water Media on Corrosion Rate
Get PDFOrganic inhibitors in the corrosion process could be obtained from water hyacinth plant. This plant contained antioxidants such as saponins, which could bind to protective metals from corrosion. The objective of this study was to observe the corrosion rate degradation in rainwater and tap water with saponin content of water hyacinth extract with novelty of using methanol in the maceration process. The sample: methanol ratio used in the maceration process was 1 : 9 (w/v). Steel testing was carried out for 5 days in rainwater and tap water. Based on the test results, the saponin content in the water hyacinth extract could be proven by the stability of the foam produced. The experimental results showed a corrosion rate escalation in tap water samples from 47.7% to 94.5% and samples in rainwater from 11.3% to 52.9% at 75 ppm inhibitor concentration. Based on the research, water hyacinth extract using methanol solvent could be used as a corrosion inhibitor
Pengaruh Penyimpanan dan Lama Pemanasan Terhadap Kadar Asam Galat pada Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.): Effect of Storage and Heating Time on Gallic Acid Levels in Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Get PDFOne of the most prevalent phenolic acids to be found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and herbal remedies is gallic acid, also known as 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid. The free acids, esters, catechin derivatives, and hydrolyzed tannins are the different ways that these substances are obtained. The specialty of this compound is due to its pharmacological activity as a radical scavenger. The total phenolic content in peanuts varies from 132.5 to 248.8 mg GAE/100 g. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of storage time and heating time of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) on gallic acid levels. Determination of gallic acid using the High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method with the column used is an ODS (Octadesil Silica) C18 column and the mobile phase is a mixture of acetonitrile and aquadest (1:3). Peanuts were stored for 1 week, 2 weeks, and 3 weeks at 25°C and fried at 160°C for 2 minutes, 4 minutes, and 6 minutes. The results of this study on the length of storage obtained a P value of 0.000 where the results are smaller than 0.05. This indicates that storage time has a significant effect on gallic acid levels in peanut samples. Gallic acid levels appear to increase from the first week to the fourth week. Based on the results of the research at the time of heating obtained a P value of 0.189 where the results are higher than 0.05. This shows that the length of heating time does not affect on the gallic acid content in the peanut samples. From these results, it was concluded that gallic acid content was affected by storage time, but not by heating time
Validation of Boron Analytical Methods on Standard Reference Material Tomato Leaves from NIST No. 1573a with Isothermal Distillation by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry
Get PDFBoron analysis by UV-Vis spectrophotometry has been developed through distilling triethoxy borane into the curcumin solution. In the distillation of ester borane, an esterification reaction occurs between borate and ethanol. Validation of isothermal distillation methods by UV-Vis spectrometry needs to be done to obtain specific, accurate, and reproducible results. The distillation for 24 hours at 25°C gave the optimum result. UV-Vis spectrophotometry wavelength was 535 nm. The standard curve was linear in the concentration range of 1-5 ppm (R2 = 0.9995) with a sensitivity of 0.0902 ppm-1, a limit of detection of 0.002±0.001 ppm, the limit of quantification of 0.006±0.001 ppm, and percent recovery of 88%
Efektivitas Fotodegradasi Lignin dari Limbah Ampas Sagu (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Menggunakan Katalis TiOâ‚‚: The Effectiveness of the Photodegradation of Lignin from Sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Waste Using TiOâ‚‚ Catalyst
Get PDFLignin degradation from sago (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) waste has been carried out using a TiO2 catalyst. This research aims to determine the effectiveness of lignin degradation from sago waste using a TiO2 catalyst. Lignin from sago pulp was isolated using 10% NaOH and characterized using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results of the characterization using FTIR show that the absorption at wave number 2937.59 cm-1 is the -C-H stretching vibration of the alkane functional groups, the absorption at wave number 2360.87 cm-1 is the vibration of the C≡C triple bond, the wave numbers 1795.73 cm-1 and 1637.56 cm-1 are associated with the stretching of the carbonyl group. The absorption at wave number 1427.32 cm-1 is a C-H vibration connected to an unsaturated bond in an aromatic ring. Absorptions at wave number 1105.21 cm-1, 1128.36 cm-1, 1153.43 cm-1 were the stretching vibration of -C-H on the guaiasil ring, and the absorption at wave number 1022.27 cm-1 was the stretching vibration of C-O-C ether. From this spectrum, it can be seen that lignin is not completely pure because it is probably still mixed with cellulose. The results of the effectiveness test of lignin degradation using a TiO2 catalyst with the help of UV light were able to degrade the lignin isolated by 31.43%, for 3 hours at a lignin concentration of 40 ppm
Optimization and Kinetic Study of Ende-Natural Zeolite as Candidates of Ammonia Adsorbent on Broiler Chicken Litter
Get PDFZeolite Natural Ende (ZNE) is a local material from Ende, East Nusa Tenggara which can be used as an adsorbent candidate to reduce environmental pollution due to poultry farm wastes. The purpose of this study is to obtain optimal conditions and adsorption kinetics of ZNE as an adsorbent in terms of absorbing NH3, water content, and neutralizing pH on broiler litter. This study consisted of 3 stages such as sample preparation, optimization of acid concentration, particle size, contact time, adsorbate concentration, as well as determination of ZNE-methylene blue adsorption kinetics. The results of the analysis revealed that the best conditions are using 1 M H2SO4, particle size 80 mesh, contact time for 30 minutes with an adsorption capacity of 1.999 mg/g, and methylene blue 80 ppm as an optimal condition. Furthermore, ZNE-methylene blue adsorption kinetics model is the second order type 1 kinetics by R2 = 1, and also adsorption rate constant is 0.0019 g.mg-1.mi
Identifikasi dan Purifikasi Vitelogenin Arwana Asia: Banjar, Pinoh (Scleropages macrocephalus), Papua (Scleropages jardinii) dan Super Red (Scleropages legendrei): Identification and Purification of Asian Arowana Vitellogenin: Banjar, Pinoh (Scleropages macrocephalus), Papua (Scleropages jardinii) and Super Red (Scleropages legendrei)
Get PDFArowana fish (Scleropages sp.) are monomorphic species, those animals that physically could not be distinguished between male and female. The research was aimed to identify and purify Vitellogenin of four variants of Asian Arowana: Banjar, Papua, Pinoh, and Super red. 12 fishes, 3 from each variant were given estradiol stimulation through toad for vitellogenin production purpose. The SDS-PAGE results expressed that there were two types of Asian Arowana vitellogenin characters, single Vtg for Arowana Banjar, Pinoh (Scleropages macrocephalus) and Super Red (Scleropages legendrei) with a molecular weight of 180 kDa and double Vtg in Papuan Arowana (Scleropages jardinii) with molecular weight 180 and 110 kDa. Pure vitellogenin has been collected from 3 varieties, Banjar, Papua, and Super red with a concentration range between 0.1 - 0.67 mg / mL. The actual concentration is believed to be greater than the measured concentration
Analisis Fitokimia Air Rebusan Daun Mantalalu (Euphorbia hirta L) Asal Kota Palu Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah: Phytochemical Analysis of Mantalalu Leaves Boiled Water from Palu City Central Sulawesi
Get PDFOne of the herbal plants that have long been used as traditional herbal medicine by Central Sulawesi peoples is Mantalalu (Euphorbia hirta L). Central Sulawesi peoples used this Mantalalu to appendicitis medicine. The chemical compound contained in Mantalalu plant has a role in providing different pharmacology. A study was conducted about the chemical compound content Mantalalu plant (Euphorbia hirta L). The method of this research was boiling dried leave and wet leave of Mantalalu plant and phytochemical test including flavonoids tests, alkaloids tests, saponins tests, polyphenol, and tannin tests. The results of this research showed that the decoction of dried and wet leaf samples of Mantalalu plant contained flavonoid, polyphenol, tannin, and saponins bioactive compounds
Hidrolisis Protein Teripang Hitam (Holothuria edulis) Menggunakan Bromelin Kasar dari Batang Nanas (Ananas comocus L): Protein Hydrolysis of Black Sea Cucumber (Holothuria edulis) Using Crude Bromelain from Pineapple Stem (Ananas comocus L)
Get PDFBlack sea cucumber is one type of sea cucumber whose protein content is quite high at 74-82%, not yet widely used by the community as a source of protein. One way to use it is to process the protein into a protein hydrolyzate using the bromelain enzyme which was isolated from pineapple stems. This study aims to determine the concentration of the bromelain enzyme extract and the optimum hydrolysis time to the value of the hydrolysis degree of the hydrolyzate of black sea cucumber protein. Protein hydrolysates are produced by variations of the crude bromelain concentration of 9%, 10%, 11%, and 12% (v/v) and hydrolysis time of 120, 180, 240, and 300 minutes. The results showed that the optimum degree of hydrolysis was obtained with the use of bromelain extract with a concentration of 12% with a value of 11.43% and a hydrolysis time of 240 minutes with a value of 19.17%
The Effect of Concentration of Citric Acid Solution on Extraction of Pectin from Watermelon Albedo
Get PDFWatermelon albedo or the white flesh of watermelon rind contains pectin with high enough content. In this study was conducted the extraction of pectin from watermelon albedo by the liquid-solid extraction method. The citric acid solution was used as a solvent with concentrations varied by 4%, 7%, and 10%. The research steps include the pretreatment of raw material, the extraction, the posttreatment of extraction, and the analysis of pectin. The pretreatment aimed to reduce water content and reduce the size of raw material. The extraction process was the main process in which pectin dissolution occurred in the citric acid solvent. Furthermore, the posttreatment of extraction aimed to obtain pectin solid with the addition of ethanol. The final step was the analysis, including pectin yield, moisture content, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content, and pectin functional group. Based on research obtained, an increase in the concentration of citric acid increased pectin yield, methoxyl content, and galacturonic acid content. The moisture content of pectin decreased with the increasing concentration of citric acid. Pectin yield, moisture content, methoxyl content, galacturonic acid content resulted from 10% concentration of citric acid solvent are 8.356%, 19.748%, 7.029%, and 69.048%, respectively. Based on FTIR analysis, the functional groups contained in pectin are hydroxyl group, methyl group, carbonyl group, and ether group. This functional groups are main constituents of pectin structure