Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
Not a member yet
1295 research outputs found
Sort by
The Effect of Narrow and Broad Band Ultraviolet B Onto Keloid Fibroblast-VEGF Expressions
No full textBackground: Collagenase inactivation of keloid lesions is due to plasminogen activator inhibitors which are synthesized under stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a released protein under hypoxia conditions. On the other hand, ultraviolet B (UVB) may generate various oxidative molecules of irradiated chromophores. The effect of UVB in VEGF synthesis is unclear.ObJective. To know the effect of narrow and broad band ultraviolet-B on keloid fibroblast-VEGF expression. Materials and methods: Materials in this study were keloid materials collected from dermatosurgery and plastic surgery keloid revision. A parallel simple experiment study was performed to compare the effect of 0, 50, 75, and 100mJ/cm2 of broad band (BBUVB) as well as narrow band UVB (NBUVB) in VEGF synthesis of passage-3 keloid fibroblasts isolated from 4 patients. Samples were stained with monoclonal antibody anti VEGF. The selected DAB-brown colors of cytoplasm were computed based on Photoshop software histogram.Results: Compared to untreated group, all of various NBUVB showed a very significant (P0.05) between NBUVB and BBUVB groups.Conclusion: NBUVB as well as BBUVB can suppress VEGF synthesis among irradiated keloid fibroblasts. The 50 mJ/cm2 of NB UVB as well as 75 mJ/cm2 of BBUVB may be developed as the modality in keloid prevention or treatment.Keywords: keloid-fibroblasts, broad-band UVB, narrow-band UVB, VEG
Antenatal and postnatal risk factors of obesity in children age 2-5 years old in Yogyakarta District, Indonesia
No full textObesity and overweight have become a health issue throughout the world, with a dramaticincrease in prevalence each year. An obese child is thought to be adorable, but parents are notaware of the health risk it holds. Preventive measures by decreasing the risk factors for obesityare more effective than treating the problem. The aim of this study was to identify the riskfactors of obesity in antenatal and postnatal period in children in Yogyakarta District. This wasan observational study with a case control design. Criteria of obesity were defined according toWHO 2006 growth chart. Subjects were children age 2 to 5 years old that were enrolled inplaygroups in the Yogyakarta Distric with a targeted sample size of 41 children. Parents ofchildren that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were given questionnaires to fill out. Theresults were analyzed using bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression. Thirty fourobese children and 34 non obese children (as control) were explored for the obesity risk factors.Prematurity/gestational age (OR=16; 95%CI=3.27-78.28; p=0.001), passive smoking (OR=5.50;95%CI=1.90-15.96; p=0.001), low birth weight (OR=7.27; 95%CI=1.45-36.47; p=0.008),eating more than 3 times daily (OR=2.19; 95%CI=1.66-2.89; p=0.007), meals that are high inlipid (OR=4.18; 95%CI=1.45-12.02; p=0.007) were shown to be risk factors for obesity inchildren. Factors such as picky eaters (OR=0.16; 95%CI=1.45-12.02; p=0.002), early introductionto solid food (OR=0.29; 95%CI=0.10-0.79; p=0.01), exercise (OR=0.25; 95%CI=0.06-0.32;p=0.04), and watching TV or playing video game under 2 hours daily (OR=0.30; 95%CI=0.09-0.95; p=0.04) were identified as protective factors against obesity. By using the multivariateanalysis, there were only 2 risk factors for obesity i.e. eating more than 3 times daily andprematurity/gestational age and there were only 2 protective factors i.e. exercise and introductionto solid food that remained statistically significant as independent factors influencing obesity inchildren aged 2 to 5 years old in the Yogyakarta District.Keywords: obesity - children age 2 to 5 years old - antenatal - postnatal - risk factor
The role vitamin-C on phagocytosis of macrophage on C. albicans.
No full textBackground: Several studies reported that vitamin-C can enhance immune response, including phagocytosis response on bacteria and virus. However at present there are only a few studies about the role of vitamin-C in phagocytosis response on fungi.Objectives: To determine the role of vitamin-C on macrophage phagocytosis on C. albicans.Methods: Ten ml blood was taken from healthy subject. Buffy coat containing monocytes was separated from the red-blood cells. After plating the mononuclear cells on the coverslip glass, the cells other than monocytes were washed out by tripsinization. The monocytes were treated with several doses of vitaminC i.e. 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, and 0 mg/mL as placebo. And then Candida suspension was added to the cells, stained PAS and HE counterstain. The result of macrophage phagocytosis activity was interpreted by counting intracellular Candida spores and was analyzed using one way ANOVA.Result: There is a high significant difference in the. number of intracellular candida spores, between vitamin-C 200 mg/mL compared to placebo (p<0.000); and there wasn't significant difference between 100mg/mL (p=0.064) and 50 mg/mL (p=0.709) compared to placebo.Conclusion: The dose of 200 mg/mL vitamin-C could increased macrophage phagocytosis activity on C.a/bicans significantly (p<0.01) compared to other doses. Key word: phagocytosis - macrophage - vitamin-C - C. a/bican
Risk factors of the faiture of vaginal delivery after previous Cesarean section history.
No full textObjective: To know factors influencing the success rate of vaginal delivery after previous Cesarean section history.Methods: Historical cohortSetting: Sardjito General Hospital YogyakartaParticipants: Women who delivered her child in Sardjito General Hospital between the year 1997 to 2001, and had previous Cesarean section history. Their delivery would be vaginally or recesarean section. The factors which were predicted affect the success of the vaginal delivery will be analyzed. The significance level of Odd Ratio was determined by logistic regression analysis.Results: There were 275 pregnant women with previous Cesarean section history reviewed, 110 (40%) patients successfully delivered the fetus vaginally and 165 (60%) patients unsuccessfully delivered the fetus vaginally and were undergone Cesarean section. Several factors that might influence the success of vaginal delivery were analyzed: place (OR =0.97; CI 0.58-1.65), age of the mother (OR =0.74; CI 0.431.29), mother body length (OR =1.15; CI 0.66-2.0), education of the mother (OR =1.41; CI 0.74-2.69), pregnancy interval (OR =0.83; CI 0.47-1.461, number of antenatal care (OR =4.40; CI 0.45-35.85), gestational age (OR =0.52; CI 0.24-1.12), fetal presentation (OR =0.61; CI 0.24-1.57), fetal body weight (OR =0.43; CI 0.21-0.89), history of vaginal delivery (OR =0.86; CI 0.51-1.43).Conclusions: It seems that only fetal body weight had significant influence to the success of the vaginal delivery after previous Caesarean section history. Anyhow, this result is appropriate to encourage a possible trial of vaginal delivery in almost all patients with a previous low-segment Caesarean section.Key words: Caesarean Section History, trial vaginal delivery, re-Caesarean Sectio
Role and psychological dependenci arrangement of opioid by type of reseptor opioid
No full textOpioid receptor can be classified as p., 8, and K-opioid receptor that widely expressed in the CNS. The development of selective receptor agonist and cloning of each receptor have contributed greatly to our increasing knowledge of the neuropharmacological profile of each opioid receptor type. This review focuses on the functional interaction among these opioid receptor types that contribute to opioid dependence especially in psychological dependence. Several lines of evidence provide arguments to support substantial roles for p-opioid receptors and the possible involvement of 8-opioid receptors in the development of physical and psychological dependence on morphine. Many studies have pointed to the mesolimbic dopaminergic system projecting from the ventral tegmental area to the nucleus accumbens as a critical site for the initiation of psychological dependence on opioids. It is important to note as the broad existence of opposing interaction between p/8-, and K-receptors in the central nervous system. The activation of Kopioid receptors leads to the suppression of unpleasant p.- or 8-mediated side effects such as withdrawal and rewarding effect. Considering the functional interaction among opioid receptor types, the co-administration of morphine-like compounds with K-receptor agonists lead suppressing the side effects of p-opioid receptor agonist that benefit for the pain management.Key words: Opioid receptor - receptor types - psychological dependence - morphin
The effect of 2% salicylic acid as a support of 10% benzoil peroxide gel for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.
No full textBackground: Cleansing is necessary before the application of topical therapy for acne vulgaris. However ordinary soap leads to dryness. Two percent salicylic acid has comedolytic, anti inflammation and moisturizing activity.Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 2% salicylic acid soap as a support of 10% benzoil peroxide gel for mild to moderate acne vulgaris.Material and method: The design of this study was randomized, double blind, clinical trial. Fifty twofemales with mild to moderate acne vulgaris with the mean of the age was 18.9 ± 3.06 years old were divided into 2 groups. The first group was treated with 2% salicylic acid soap and the second group was treated with soap base, in addition to 10% benzoil peroxide gel for both groups. The clinical assessment was conducted by counting the acne lesion at 2, 4, 8, and 12 week. While the level of moisture and sebum of the skin was measured by corneometer and sebumeter of Courage – Khazaka at 4, 8, and 12 week. The difference between 2 groups was analyzed statistically by t-test, chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test. The difference was considered to be significant if p < 0.05.Result: There was significant reduction of the open comedone in salicylic acid soap group
Serologic test vs antigenemia assay as diagnostic marker for cytomegalovirus infection in children.
No full textObjective: To determine the level IgG and IgM anti-CMV in children clinically suspected to be infected by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) and to determine the diagnostic value of IgG dan IgM anti-CMV as diagnostic tools for active CMV infection with antigenemia assay as the gold standard.Material and methods: Diagnostic test, observational cross sectional study. All children suspected to have CMV infection who were hospitalized or who visited neurology outpatient clinic in Sardjito Hospital in March 1" - September 11" 2002 were enrolled in this study. Serologic test for IgG and IgM anti-CM- and antigenemia assay were conducted to confirm the diagnosis of active CMV infection.Results: Nine of 82 specimens (12%) were confirmed to have active CMV. The cut off point of IgG was 265.75 AU/ml, with the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of 67% (95% CI: 31-91%), 70% (95% CI: 58-80%), 21% (95% CI: 9-42%), 94% (95% CI: 84-99%), respectively, and likelihood ratio (LR) 4.5. The cut off point of IgM was 0.445, with the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of 56% (95% CI: 23-85%), 67% (95% CI: 55-77%), 17% (95% CI: 7-37%) and 93% (95% CI: 81-98%), respectively and LR 1.7. There was no significant relation between the level of IgG or IgM above cut off point and antigenemia (p=0.06 and p =0.27). Level of IgG combined with IgM had a significant relation with antigenemia (p 0.04), with the sensitivity 75% (95% CI: 22-99%), specificity 81% (95% CI: 66-91%), PPV 27% (95% CI: 7-61%), NPV 97% (95% CI: 84100%) respectively. LR was 5.3. Most of the children (40 patients) had psychomotor disorder (60%). There was significant relation between trombocytopenia and antigenemia (p =0.04).Conclusions: An increased level of IgM combined with IgG above cut off point is a significant diagnostic tool for active CMV infection. Psychomotor disorder is the clinically sign mostly found in active CMV infection. Thrombocytopenia can be used to detect active CMV infection.Key words: active CMV infection - antigenemia - IgM & IgG anti-CMV - IgM anti-CMV - diagnostic tes
Association between environmental allergen sensitization with severity of atopic dermatitis in children and young adult at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta
No full textThe important role of aeroallergens and food allergens as the most common environmental allergens in exacerbationof atopic dermatitis (AD) iswell known. Sensitization is an essential processwhich correlateswith clinicalmanifestationof AD. The study of AD in Indonesia, especially in Yogyakarta, has not been reported, yet. The aim of study is toevaluate the association between sensitization of environmental allergens with clinical severity of AD in children andyoung adult at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta. An analytic observational cross sectional study wasperformed on 33 children and young adult with AD. The severity of disease was determined by SCORing AtopicDermatitis (SCORAD). Assessment of sensitization was performed using specific IgE serum, atopy patch test, andprick test. Data were analyzed using chi-square or Fisher exact test and prevalence ratio (PR) with significancevalue of p<0.05 and 95%confidence interval (CI). The results showed that specific IgE positivity was associatedwith severity of AD. Percentage of specific IgE positivity to house dust mite was significantly higher in subject withmoderate/severe AD compared to those of mild AD (p=0.049; PR 1.13; 95% CI 1.01-1.59). The result was alsosimilar for cat dander (p=0.041; PR 1.1; 95%CI 1.09-4.98), cow’s milk (p=0.038; PR 1.21; 95% CI 1.02-2.2),and egg white (p=0.027; PR 1.23; 95% CI 1.15-2.97). Whereas specific IgE positivity to fish allergen was notstatistically different in subject with moderate/severe AD compared to those with mild AD (p=0.061; PR 0.8; 95%CI 0.76-2.8). According to atopy patch test and prick test result, no association was found between allergensensitization and severity of AD. If allmethodswere combined to increase the sensitivity of sensitizationmeasurement,then the association was found for all allergens. It could be concluded that environmental allergens sensitization isassociated with severity of AD in children and young adult at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta.Key words: atopic dermatitis-disease severity-sensitization-aeroallergen-food allerge
Catamenial epilepsy
No full textThe true frequency of menstrually related seizures (catamenial epilepsy) is unclear. This is due in part to the fact that at present there is no universally accepted definition of this entity. Because of such arbitrary definition, a variety of therapeutic strategies for controlling seizures related to hormonal fluctuations have been recommended. With respect to the uncertainty of catamenial epilepsy criteria, the principles of physiologic changes related to hormonal fluctuations in women with epilepsy should be understood. Based on the knowledge of hormonal changes and characteristics of epilepsy, a detailed history taking should be carried out properly. This strategy will be useful for establishing diagnosis and planning appropriate treatment.Keywords: catamenial epilepsy - definition - seizure - therapeutic strategy - hormonal fluctuations
The incidence of low birth weight infants in pregnant mothers infected malaria
No full textBackground: There are many pregnant mothers in malaria endemic area such as Purworejo suffering from anemia. It was considered a risk factor for pregnant mother to deliver low birth weight infants (LBWI).Objectives: The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between pregnant mothers infected malaria with incidence of low birth weight infants (LBWI).Methods: The samples included pregnant mothers involved in an applied research at the Community Health and Nutrition Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine Gadjah Mada University in Purworejo, Central Java, who received vitamin A and zinc supplement. Five hundred and eighty three pregnant mothers were randomly selected during period of 1 year (1997). By using peripheral blood examination 160 pregnant mothers were found to be infected by malaria and 423 persons were not infected were used as control. Monthly visits were carried out to monitor the anemia status by Hemocue to determine the haemoglobin content and ferritin serum, anthropometry examination, health interview of gestation history using questionaires, and birth weight examination.Results: The prevalence of malaria on pregnant mothers was 10.6%. No characteristic difference of pregnant mothers in two groups statistically, except the ferritin level of pregnant mothers with malaria which was statistically lower (198.6 µg/dl) than non-infected mothers (617.1 µg/dl; p <0.001). The incidence of LBWI in Purworejo in 1997 was 5.3%. No significant difference of LBWI incidence was found in pregnant mothers with malaria (3.8%) and non infected mothers (1.7%; p = 0.13). The LBWI risk in pregnant mothers with malaria was two times higher than non infected mothers. And it is not significant statistically (OR=2.3; 95% CI=0.77-6.64). Multiple regression analysis showed that the important factor of LBWI incidence in pregnant mothers with malaria was gestational age (prematurity) (F=6.293; p = 0.012).Conclusion: The most important factor of LBWI in malaria infected pregnant mother is prematurity. We need to pay attention to them by considering iron deficiency. Key words: pregnant mother - malaria-ferritin serum - prematurity-low birth weight infant