Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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The influence of Pfannenstiel and midline incisions to the wound condition on the third day post gynecologic surgery
No full textMany factors should be considered by a surgeon to choose an abdominal incision, such as incision extensibility, speed of operation, presence or absence of adhisions, hemostasis problems, possibility of postoperative complications such as infections, hernia or dehiscence, and wound healing. Midline or linea mediana incision makes the field operation seem wider, therefore the operations can be performed more uickly. Meanwhile, transverse incision such as Pfannenstielincision is gaining popularity with the less incidence of infection, hernia, and wound dehiscence because this technique follows Langer’s lines resulting in reduced traction at the skin edges and making better wound closure and approximation. This study aimed to evaluate the influence ofPfannenstiel and midline incisions to the wound condition on the third day post gynecologic surgery. This was an observational study using a prospective cohort study design. The subjects were patients with the indications for gynecologic surgery in Dr. Sardjito General HospitalYogyakarta and affiliated hospitals who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sixty subjects were divided into two groups i.e. 30 subjects who underwent Pfannenstiel incision as treatment group and 30 subjects who underwent linea mediana incision as control group. The characteristicsof subjects of both group were not significantly different. No significant difference of the wound condition on the third day after surgery between subjects who underwent Pfannenstiel and linea mediana incisions was observed in this study (p=0.212). The risk of the wound beingnot dried yet on the third day after sugery on subjects who underwent linea mediana incision technique was 2.5 times higher compared to subjects who underwent Pfannenstiel incision technique. However, it was not statistically different (p= 0.212; RR= 2.5; 95%CI= 0.525-11.894). In conclusion, there is no significantly different effect of Pfannenstiel and linea mediana incisions to the wound condition on the third day post gynecologic surgery.Keywords: Pfannenstiel incision - midline incision - wound healing - gynecologic surgery -complicatio
The association of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs2922126 within ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a (GHSR1a) gene with insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region
No full textPrevious study reported that among 79 obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region, 44 (55.7%) of them have insulin resistance. However, no significant differences on dietary habits and physical activity between the obese female who have insulin resistance and thosewho are insulin sensitive were observed. Therefore, it was thought that genetic factors are involved in the occurrence of insulin resistance. Ghrelin and growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR) genes have been associated with the insulin signaling pathway with implicationsin insulin resistance. The study aimed to analyze the association between SNP (single nucleotid polymorphism) rs2922126 in GHSR1a gene with insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region. Seventy eight obese female adolescents who were selected in theprevious study were involved in this study. Secondary data including name of subjects, age, body height, body weight, BMI (body mass index), fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, waist circumference and HOMA-IR index were obtained from previous study. Polymerase Chai Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) methods were used to the genotype analysis of SNP rs2922126. Chi-square test was used to calculate odds ratio on genotype and allele of SNP rs2922126 GHSR1a gene in insulin resistance and insulin sensitive groups. The results showed that A/A genotype individuals in SNP rs2922126 had higher risk to develop insulin resistance, compared to A/T and T/T genotypes individuals (OR: 2.03; 95%CI: 0.54-7.57). However, it was not significantly different (p>0.05). Individuals with A/A genotype and A allele carriers at SNP rs2922126 tended to have a higher value of BMI, fasting glucose level, fasting insulin level, HOMA-IR, and waist circumference compared to other carriers, althoughit was not significant (p>0.05). It can be concluded that SNP rs2922126 in GHSR1a gene is not associated with insulin resistance in obese female adolescents in Yogyakarta Special Region.Keywords: GHSR1a gene - SNP rs2922126 - insulin resistance - female - obes
Pregnancy after unilateral operation an androblasicuna
No full textAndroblastoma is a rare semimalignant ovarian tumor which occurs most frequently during the reproductive years and is assumed to arise from sexually ambivalent cells noted in the ovary of the 6-7 weeks embryo or to be of teratoid origin. The excessive secretion of testosteron will occur and lead to masculinism, while androgens will suppress normal ovarian function and cause the sign of virilization. A 3-years subferdIc case was a 27 year-old-woman with typical syndrome of androblastoma manifested by virilization and defeminization. The testosteron concentration was 700 ng/dl, prolactin: 8,4 p.g/1, Barr body drumstick (+), while the chromosomal analysis indicated female genotype (46 XX). Simple oophorcctomy was done, the size of the left ovarian tumor was 9 x 7 x 8 cm, encapsulated and there was no adhesion. The uterus and adnexa were normal. The pathological result was malignant. Alkeran cytostatic treatment was given in 5 series of 12,5 mg orally. However, the pregnancy occurred during the treatment. The patient was then managed carefully as a routine procedure without and-cancer drugs anymore. The baby was born normally without any congenital anomaly. The signs of either virilism or masculinism decreased. Hormonal examination showed a normal level of testosteron.Key Words: infertility - androblastoma - cytostatics - ovarian tumor - virilizatio
Initial Study of Production of Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis Using Locally Obtained Substrates
No full textBacillus thuringiensis israelensis diketahui sebagai entomopatogen nyamuk ades aegypti yang merupakan vektor penyakit demam berdarah.Telah dilakukan percobaan produksi Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis dengan menggunakan medium yang mengandung bahan lokal terasi udang, melase dan tepung kedelai. Hasil uji toksisitas (bioassay) terhadap Final Whole Culture (FWC) dengan bahan lokal yang murah menunjukkan potensi sebagai agensia bioinsektisida.Key Words: entomopathogen - Bacillus thuringiensis - bioinsecticide - Aedes aegypt - toxicity bioassa
CT scan examination on stroke patients
No full textThis study was conducted in patients with clinical stroke. The results showed that 61.3% patients had cerebral infarction, 33.0% hemorrhagic lesions and 5.7% was normal by CT scan examination. 12 of 29 hemorrhagic lesionswere associated with in [raven tri cular bleeding and these lesions have a poor prognosis.The cerebral infarctions were located mostly in capsula interna and nucleus le n tiforrnis, but the thalamus and capsula interna demonstrated as the main location for hemorrhagic lessons. The usefulness of CT scan in stroke lies especially in detecting the location, extension of lesion and in differentiating between ischemic and hemorrhagic lesions.Key Words: CT scan - in traventricular bleeding - hem iparesis - cerebral infarction - strok
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
No full textBleeding may result from abnormalities' of platelet, blood vessel walls, or coagulation. Acquired deficiency of coagulation factors is usually the result of impaired production or increased extravascular loss. Inappropriate intravascular utilization of coagulation factors, which is usually prevented by continuous rapid blood flow, circulating inhibitors of procoagulants, and removal of activated clotting factors, may result as defibrinogenation syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, or consumption coag-ulopathy. Factors responsible for the diseminared intravascular coagulation include release of thromboplastic material into the circulation, endothelial damage, endotoxemia, antigen-antibody reactions, hypertension, hypoxia, acidosis, and re uculoendothelial blockage.This paper describes the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis and management of the disseminated intravascular coagulation which might be not so rare in the clinics.Key Words: disseminated in travascularcoagulation -hemon-hage.-defibrinogenation syndrome - coagulopathy -procoagulant inhibito
Physical status and motor performance of junior high school children age of 12-15 years in rural and urban Bantul Yogyakarta
No full textBackground: Physical status and motor performance are influenced by living conditions. Those parametersare believed as factors indicated socioeconomics level of a population which effect on the children growth.Growth is also affected by other factors such as nutrition, genetics, hormone, disease, physical activity,environmental stress, and lifestyle. During growth, children adapt to their environment to achieve optimalfunctional efficiency.Objective: The aim of this research is to investigate physical status and motor performance of junior highschool children age of 12-15 years in Bantul Regency Yogyakarta Province, whether it is differ betweenrural and urban and between boys and girls.Methods: The research was done on 481 junior high school students of 12-15 years old, boys and girls,which consisted of 247 children living in District of Kretek (rural area) and 234 children living in Districtof Bantul (urban area). All subjects were measured on weight, height, upper arm girth, and skinfoldthickness of triceps. Physical status was determined from height, weight, body mass index, and musclearea of upper arm. Motor performance was measured on grip strength (left and right), jumping (standinglong jump method), throwing, and running tasks. Statistical analyses of chi-square, Pearson correlation,and linear regression were performed on data of physical status and motor performance of the children.Results: The results indicate that boys in both areas up to 14 years were lighter than the girls, but heavierat age of 15. However, boys were taller than the girls in all ages instead of rural boys at age of 12-13years. Body mass index and muscle area of upper arm of girls in both areas were greater than of boysexcept urban boys at age of 15 years. Boys appeared better in all motor performance tasks than the girlsas well as in motor performance relative to weight and height. Differences between rural and urban showthat urban children were taller and heavier than those were in rural. Body mass index and muscle area ofupper arms were greater in urban children. Children in urban area were also stronger in grip strength (leftand right). However, rural children were farther in jumping and throwing, and faster in running task..Conclusions: In conclusions, urban children were better in physical status and grips strength, while ruralchildren were better in jumping, throwing, and running performances. Instead of grips strength, motorperformances relative to weight and height of rural children were better than those of urban. Boys havebetter motor performance and motor performance relative to weight and height than girls.Key words: physical status; motor performance; rural and urban children
The role of amniocentesis in genetic anomaly detection
No full textSince the beginning of the Landsteiner era, genetics has been developing tremendously. Genetics now is used in genetic counselling, genetic screening and in the management of genetic disorders or diseases due to the fast technological development during the last two decades.Amniocentesis, one of the products of this technological development, is indeed valuable, as it can detect any chromosomal abnormality of the fetus in utero, thus genetic defects among babies, can be prevented.By taking 10-20 ml of amniotic fluid during 14-16 weeks of gestation by amniocen tesis, disposed fetal cells in the fluid can be immediately cultured. After 2-3 weeks, chromosomal analysis can be undertaken to make its karyotype. Other than the above benefit, amniocentesis can also be used for detection of any biochemical abnormality of the fetus, thus early prevention of biochemical disorders among babies can be done.With the application of amniocentesis as one of the diagnostic tools which continuously improves, its benefits help human beings in the prevention of birth defects and in counselling couples who are expecting healthy babies in their marriage.To extend the beneficial aspect of amniocentesis to grass-root level, improvement of knowledge and skills of amniocentesis of practicians is mandatory.Key Words: amniocentesis - amniotic cell culture - chromosomal analysis - genetic counselling -prevention of birth defect
Isolation and characterization of spore-forming bacilli pathogenic for mosquito larvae in Java
No full textThe use of chemical insecticides for controlling mosquito vector of diseases has resulted in a lot of negative impacts. The objective of this study was to search for spore-forming bacilli effective as larvicides for prospective production and being determined as one of the alternatives in the vector control strategies.The bacilli were tried to be isolated from mosquito larvae, soil and water of various mosquito larval habitats surveyed in several areas of Yogyakarta Special Territory, Central Java and EastJava. A number of 549 isolates was obtained from 203 total samples collected. Tests of pathogenicity of all isolates against early fourth stage larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito revealed the existence of 4 positive bacilli, namely B. pumilus, B. eereus and two new strains of B. sphaericus.Key Wards: spore-forming bacilli -entomopathogens - B. pumilus B. cereus - B. sphaericu
