Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala ilmu Kedokteran)
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Efficacy of continuous and intermittent phototherapy in diminution of serum total and unbound bilirubin in premature infants
No full textThe efficacy of continuous phototherapy (48 hours continuous light on) and intermittent Porto, S. 0., Pildes, R. S., & Goodman, H. 1969 Studies on the effect of phototherapy on neonatal hyperbilirubinemia among low birth weight infants: I. Skin colors. J. Pediat. 75:1045.9. Rubaltelli, F. F., & Carli, M. 1971 The effect of light on cutaneous bilirubin. Biol. Neonate 18:475-60. - Shirnabuku, R., & Nakamura, H. 1982 Total and unbound bilirubin determination using an automated peroxidase micromethod. Kobel. Med. Sci. 28:91-104. William, J. C., Gartner, L. M., William, O., & Stern, L. 1978 Clinical application of neonatal bilirubin binding determination: Current status./ Pediat. 93:827-32. William, J. C., & William, 0. 1982 Unbound bilirubin and kernicterus in low birth weight infants. Pediatrics 69:481-5. Zachman, R. D. 1972 Alternate phototherapy in neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. J. Pediat. 81:178-84 photo-therapy (6 hours light on, 6 hours light off 48 hours) in the diminution of serum total and unboundbilirubin levels has been studied in 26 randomized premature infants. Total-bilirubin level was determined spectrophotometrically and unbound-bilirubin level by the peroxidase oxidation method using an UB-analyzer. During phototherapy there was significant reduction of total and unbound-bilirubin levels in both groups. However, the diminution of both groups was not significantly different. After photo-therapy was completed there was significant reduction of total and unbound-bilirubin levels in both groups. The diminution of total-bilirubin level until the 4th day after treatment was not significantly different in both groups. Diminution of unbound•bilirubin of intermittent group was significantly greater than that of the continuous group in the 3rd and 4th days after treatment. In conclusion both phototherapy methods were equally effective in diminution of total and un• bound •bilirubin levels in premature infants. Key Words: phototherapy - hyperbilirubinemia - unbound-bilirubin level - premature infant - spectrophotometr
Rooming-in program in Dr. Sardjito Central General Hospital
No full textTo evaluate the clinical efficacy of rooming-in program, sixty one term-newborn infants with normal deliveries, birth weight 2500-4000 g, Apgar scores 5 minute were studied. The infants were randomly assigned into two groups, 31 rooming-in and 30 not rooming-in group (mother separated from the newborn for 3 days duration). In the third day of life, there were no statistically significant differences in both groups on serum bilirubin levels (p>0.05), cumulative weight loss (p>0.05) and incidence of hyperbilirubinemia (p>0.05). The intensity of hyperbilirubinemia was not related to weight loss (p>0.05). The episode of gastroenteritis was non-existent in the rooming-in group whereas two infants in the not rooming-in group suffered from it. Key Words: rooming-in program - term - newborn infants - unbound bilirubin - cumulative weight loss - hyperbilirubinemi
Scientists and nuclear war: Liberating mankind from the threat of its own making
No full textThis article reiterated the peace warsituation during the first 40 years of the Atomic Age. The nuclear arms race poses not only an unprecedented threat to man's existence, but has taken millions of pre-detonation victims of the nuclear war, in the forms of morbidity and mortality due to famine, infectious diseases, poverty, ignorance, and peripheral wars in the Third World. The resources of out planet are diverted from welfare efforts to the unlimited production of genocidal weapons. World scientists, immediately after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, had warned mankind of the danger of a nuclear disaster, and physicians, true to their professional oath and ethics, have joined efforts to prevent nuclear war, since medicine will then be unable to cope with its innumerable, immeasurable and compound casualties, as they had done in previous war. The Third World countries, which mostly obtained their independence after World War suffered severely from the escalating arms race and could not escape the global consequences of a nuclear war anywhere, but still feel reluctant to voice their displeasure, consider it an irrelevant prob. km amidst their many-sided struggles towards progress, or are simply ignorant of the last threat that has confronted their existence and growth. It is, therefore, the duty of Third World physicians to also inform their patients about the imminent danger against their health, welfare and survival,. as they have been doing to their individual patients since the days of Hippocrates. Key Words: nuclear war - medical polemology - genocide - enthanatics - medical ethic
Organisasi Registrasi Kanker Population-Based di Indonesia
No full textBased on technique of cancer registration there are three types of cancer registry. These types are: 1.pathology department-based cancer registry 2.hospitl -based cancer registry 3. population-based cancer registry. Each of these types has its own method and characteristics. The aim of pupulation-based cancer registry is ib evaluate and control the trends of cancer in the community. This field has very close relation with cancer epidemiology. The prospect of the population-based cancer registry in Indonesia depends on various conditions. It is concluded that the Special Province of Yogyakarta could fulfill the conditions for the purpose of developing population-based cancer registry in Indonesia, while Bali is an ideal place for population-based cancer registry in Indonesia. Therefore, other conditions are needed for this purpose. Key Words: population-based cancer registry - technique of cancer registration - characteristics of cancer registry - cancer control in the community - cancer epidemiolog
Extended Use of a Copper Intrauterine Device Beyond Theoretical Effectiveness: A ten-year study on the Multiload Cu-250 in a ynecologic private practice in Indonesia with specific reference to its use in the national..
No full textPemakaian IUD Bertembaga dalam waktu lama melewati masa efektip teoretis tidak mengganggu efektifitasnya untuk mencegah terjadinya kehamilan. Hal ini disimpulkan dari penelitian se-lama sepuluh tahun meliputi 52 pasien praktek spesialis pribadi yang setuju untuk tents menggunakan Multiload Cu-250 tanpa ganti setelah pemakaian selama tiga- tahun yang merupakan batasan masa pakai efektip teoretis bagi jenis IUD Mi. Lama pemakaian tercatat berkisar antara 36,08 sampai 100,51 bulan, sedangkan rata-rata pemakaian adalah 52,10 bulan. Sebanyak 25 (48,07%) wanita memakainya selama 3-4 tahun, 19 (36,53%) selama 4-5 tahun dan 9 (17,30%) selama 6-7 tahun. Pemakaian terlama tercatat pada 4 wanita selama 77,60; 72,48; 92,72 dan 100,51 bulan. Tidak terjadi sate pun kegagalan kehamilan dalam kelompok penelitian ini. Kelompok pembanding terdiri atas 63 wanita pemakai jenis IUD yang sama selama waktu kurang dari tiga tahun dan berasal dad praktek pribadi yang sama. Gangguan subyektip, perdarahan, kelainan haid dan ekspulsi tidak menunjukkan peningkatan frekuensi yang berarti. Sebaliknya, infeksi panggul dan sekresi vaginal yang berlebihan bertambah Bering secara bermakna, meski masih dalam derajat yang ringan dan mudah teratasi. Biqa pula dipahami bahwa terjadi lebih banyak permintaan untuk melepas IUD karena ingin hamil lagi. Karena Multiload Cu-250 sudah terpilihsebagai IUD Bertembaga utama yang digunakan dalam program keluarga berencana nasional di Indonesia, basil penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat dalam kaitannya dengan masalah kontinuasi pemakaian, keamanan, efektifitas, penghematan biaya dan penyediaan peralatan, baik dad segi kepentingan pemakai maupun dari segi kepentingan program. Dalarn penelitian lain yang sedang berjalan hasil-hasil ini akan dibandingkan dengan kelompok pemakai lain yang berganti IUD setelah usai masa efektip teoretis tiga tahun. Dianggap perlu diadakannya penelitian•penelidan lain dalam lingkup epidemiologik lapangan yang lebih Was dengan kondisi klinis medic yang mungkin tidak selalu optimal.Key Words: copper intrauterine device — family planning — Multiload Cu-250 — demography —gynecolog
Uji Diagnostik Kriteria Baru Demam Reumatik
No full textMore than 40 years ago T. Duckett Jones published a set of guidelines for the diagnosis of acute rheumatic fever that became known as the Jones criteria. The criteria became widely used throughout the world and provided a uniform diagnostic reference for national and international epidemiologic, prevention and treatment studies.Although the basic concepts proposed by Jones have been retained, modifications of the original criteria should be done to simplify the criteria in order to be used as a diagnostic tool at the primary health care, type D and C hospitals and for surveillance. These new simple diagnostic instruments should have good sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values using Jones criteria as gold standard.Eight criteria have been considered as a new simple 'diagnostic instrument, with various sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive and negative predictive values. The optimum result of this diagnostic test is in the eight criteria, i. e. the criteria of specific murmur.Key Words: rheumatic fever -- cardiomegaly -- heart failure -- Jones criteria -- specific murmu
Genetic heterogeneity of retinitis pigmentosa
No full textGenetic heterogeneity is a phenomenon in which a genetic disease can be transmitted by several modes of inheritance. The understanding of genetic heterogeneity is important in giving genetic counselling.The presence of genetic heterogeneity can be explained by the existence of:1.different mutant alleles at a single locus, and2.mutant alleles at different loci affecting the same enzyme or protein, or affecting different enzymes or proteins.To have an overall understanding of genetic heterogeneity, the heterogeneities of chronic hemolytic anemia caused by beta-globin abnormality, chronic hemolytic anemia due to thalassemias, and mucopolysaccharidoses have been chosen as examples.'The article is focused on the genetic heterogeneity of retinitis pigmentosa, a kind of retinal hereditary disease. The genetic heterogeneity of retinitis pigmentosa can be known by the facts thata.Retinitis pigmentosa can be either an isolated disease or a part of a certain syndrome.b.Retinitis pigmentosa as isolated disease can be genetic or non-genetic in nature.c. Retinitis pigmentosa as a genetic disease can be transmitted either by autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, or X-linked recessive genes.The frequency of isolated hereditary retinitis pigmentosa varies between 30% to 50%. Clinically the dominant form is milder than the recessive form. Certain syndromes associated with retinitis pigmentosa which need to be mentioned are Usher syndrome, Laurence-Moon-Bardet-Biedl syndrome, and Kearn-Sayre syndrome.Key Words: genetic heterogeneity - retinitis pigmentosa - genetic disease - hemolytic anemia - Usher syndrom
Current status of filariasis chemotherapy
No full textSuccess of filariasis control still depends greatly on chemotherapy. piethylcarbamazine is so far considered as the most suitable and effective drug of filariasis in man. Its untoward reactions experienced by the treated individuals, long course of administration and incapability of removing all Wuchereria bancroftimicrofilariae in blood, however, initiate the search for more ideal antifilarials.A number of chemical compounds has been tested and shown to be active as filaricides in. experimental animals, and needs further intensive and careful clinical evaluation in man prior to its administration on a wider scale.Various methods of filaricide testing, using different filarial parasites and laboratory animals, and hindering factors arising in case of the production of a new antifflarial drug are discussed.Key Words: filariasis chemotherapy - diethylcarbamazine filaricides - filaricide testing - an tifilarial dru
Beberapa Dokumen Tentang Etik Kedokteran
No full textThe author reminds the Indonesian medical profession of various codes of medical ethics guiding medical practice and research. Among others the following codes are discussed: the Hippocratic Oath, the Declaration of Geneva, the International Code of Medical Ethics, the Indonesian Code of Medical Ethics, the Declaration of Helsinki, the Declaration of Sydney, and the AMA Prin ciples of Medical Ethics.Key Words: medical ethics - Hippocratic Oath - Oath of Indonesian Physicians - biomedical research - statement on deat
