Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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The Level of SGOT and SGPT after The Administration of Powdered Colorant Pigment Isolated from Kesumba Keling’s (Bixa Orellana) Seed Coats An experimental study in Balb/C Mice
Get PDFBackground: There has been an effort to explore pigment from kesumba keling’s (Bixa orellana) seed coats for a source of natural food colorant. Consumption of pigment from kesumba keling (Bixa orellana) was assumed to cause adverse effects on heart as an important organ in detoxification or inactivation of drugs or other toxic compounds. This study conducted to determine the levels of SGOT and SGPT blood serum of mice (Mus musculus) Balb/C after administration of colorant powder pigment of B. orellana seed coat’s at various concentrations.Design and Methods: The research is an experimental research with Factorial Design with 2 factors. Food Colorant Powder was made from bixin, norbixin, and crude extract pigment isolated from B. orellana seed coat’s. A total of 60 male mice were divided into 10 treatment groups. Powdered colorant solution at the concentration of 0% (control), 1%, 5%, and 10% were orally administered using gavage as much as 1 ml a day for 30 days.Results: Kruskal Wallis test results shows a not significant difference SGOT and SGPT level among the groups (p > 0.05), thus consumption of colorant powder of bixin, norbixin, and the crude extract with various concentrations did not affect the SGOT and SGPT.Conclusion: Colorant powder isolated from B. orellana seed coat’s has been shown to have no effect on the liver function, so it is safe as food colorant (Sains Medika, 3(1):69-77)
Students Perceptions on the quality of clinical supervision among the 12 affiliated hospital of Medical Faculty of UNISSULA
Get PDFBackground: Clinical supervision has a vital role in the learning process of undergraduate medical education because it may improve the student’s clinical performance of the students. Supervision is a complex activity and covers wide variety of applications. Medical faculty of Islamic Sultan Agung University has 15 affiliated hospitals for its clinical education. To assure the quality of the clinical program, an evaluation on the quality of clinical program is required. This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of the clinical supervision among the 12 affiliated hospitals.Design and Methods: This study involved 181 students of clinical internship of the year 2003, 2004 and 2005 of medical faculty of Islamic Sultan Agung University having the clinical rotation at the stage of surgery, obsgyn, pediatrics, internal medicine, ENT, neurology, dermatology and venerology, psychiatry, across the affiliated hospitals. The subject were divided into groups based on the hospital they were placed. Clinical Teaching Effectiveness Instrument (CTEI) adapted in bahasa Indonesia was used. The Descriptive and Kruskal-Wallis test were applied for the data analysis.Results: Means of the effectiveness of clinical supervision for 12 affiliated hospitals ranged from 3.25 to 4.02. Kruskal-Wallis test resulted in the value of Chi-S=13.32 and p=0.27.Conclusion: Over all the clinical supervision for the 12 affiliated hospitals is perceived good and shows no significant difference. However the practice of clinical supervision varies among the hospitals (Sains Medika, 3(2):135-149)
The Effect of Tempeh on the Ability of Macrophage Phagocytosis An experimental study in male Balb/c mice
Get PDFBackground: Consuming tempeh regularly increases the levels of isoflavones in the our body influencing the IFNã and macrophage activating factor (MAF) that lead to the in increase in the ability of macrophage phagocytosis. Macrophage phagocytosis gives an illustration of the macrophages ability as the first line of phagocytic cells to digest foreign particles. This study aims at finding out the influence of tempeh on the ability of macrophage phagocytosis.Design and Methods: In an experimental study using post test only control group design, 15 mice Balb/c were divided into 3 groups of 5 mice each. Gp1: 0.5 gr of tempeh juice, Gp2: 1 mg tablet imboost in 1 cc of water (positive control), Gp3: 1 cc of 1 times (negative control). Treatment was given daily for 12 days. On day 13, Phagocytic ability of macrophages were examined using latex beads method. Data were analyzed using one Kruskal Wallis test followed by Independent T-Test.Results: The phagocytic ability for the three groups were 760,6 -----± 109,898 ; 244.2 ± 70.159; 9.6 ± 2.839 respectively. Independent t- test resulted in the significance difference (p = 0.008) between treated groups and control groups, both positive and negative ones (p<0,05).Conclusion: There is a difference in phagocytic ability between treatment and control groups (Sains Medika, 3(1):54-62)
The Correlation between the Dimention of Trust among the Member of the Group and the Effectiveness of PBL Tutorial Group
Get PDFBackground: The tutorial plays a central role in problem-based learning (PBL). The effective implementation of small group tutorials is one of the key contributors to the students success in examinations. This study aimed to identify factors perceived as the predictors for effectiveness of PBL group tutorial.Design and method: The subjects of the study were all of the students (year of 2008) of the Medical College of Sultan Agung Islamic University taking the Tropical Disease Module. The adapted version of the scales adopted in this study included the scale developed by Van den Bossche et al for assessing team (group) effectiveness, trust dimension and learning behavior, a scale developed by Dolmans & Ginns (2005) for assessing tutor’s performance, a 5 points likert scale was used to asses the student opinions. Quantitative approach with correlation and multiple regression analysis was applied.Result: Of 238 students included in the study 84 (37.3%) were male and 139 (62.3%) were female. There was a significantly positive correlation between the trust dimension related to the interpersonal relationship among the members of tutorial group with the effectiveness of tutorial group ( r = 0.631, p< 0.01). There was a medium correlation among cohesion, group potency and psychological (r= 0,700, p < 0.05 there was correlation among the variables of (r = 0,557, p < 0,001), group potency (r = 0,517, p < 0,001), and psychological assurance (r = 0,437, p < 0.001). These three variables contributed to the group effectiveness as much as 48.4% with a F value of 87.857. The component of independence was not found to be the predictive factors for group effectiveness. The correlations among the variables of cohesion, group potency and psychological assurance resulted in contingency coeficien of 0.700 with p<0.05.Conclusion: The higher trust related to the interpersonal relationship among the member of groups, the more effective the group will be. Cohesion, group potency and psychological assurance were found to be the predictive factors for group effectiveness (Sains Medika, 3(1):16-23)
The Length of Stay Difference between Under 5 Years Patient with Acute Diarrhoea Treated With and Without Probiotic An Analytical Study in RSUD Kota Semarang during the Period January to December 2007
Get PDFBackground: Diarrhoea is still public health problem and often cause outbreak with various morbidity and mortality. The long onset of acute diarrhoea causes the length of stay that affect the cost. So proper management is needed to shorten inpatient length of stay. Probiotic can make the convalescence of children with acute diarrhoea faster. The aim of the study is to know the lenght of stay difference between underfive year old children with acute diarrhoea treated with and without probiotic.Design and Methods: The study was an analitical study with case control design. Study Sample were all inpatient 6-24 month old children with acute diarrhoea in Kota semarang Hospital since January – December 2007. Data were obtained from medical record in pediatric unit. Data analysis with stastitical test of Mann Whitney.Results: Of 130 samples, the lenght of stay average of < 5 years old children with acute diarrhoea with probiotik was 3,42 days compare 4,03 days children acute diarrhoea without probiotik. It is concluded that there was a significantly difference between two groups acute diarrhoea with probiotik and without probiotik.Conclusion: There was a significant difference between the length of stay for the patients with acute diarrhea with and without probiotic treatment. Mean of the length of stay for under 5 years old baby with and without probiotic were 3.42 days and 4.03 days respectively (Sains Medika, 3(1):78-83)
Effect of Pb-acetate on Testicle Weight and Volume of Mice
Get PDFBackground: The human effort to meet the needs of human life is almost always cause pollution in the environment of his life. One of the pollutants that harm human beings are lead (Pb = plumbum), Pb is one of the heavy metals that are harmful to health. Pb may also affect the reproductive organs. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of Pb-acetate on mouse testis weight and volumeDesign and Method: Eighty male mice placed in individual cages according to the group. Food and drink provided ad libitum. The treatment of male mice given for 6 weeks. Treatment with 0.2 ml distilled water to PI, P II were given a solution of 400 ppm Pb acetate total of 0.2 ml, P III was given a solution of 1000 ppm Pb acetate as many as 0.2 ml, and P IV were given a solution of 2000 ppm Pb acetate total of 0,2 ml by using a gastric sonde, every morning once a day for 42 days. At week 7, mice were surgery to take the testis. Testicular volume was measured and weighed. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, hypothesis is accepted when p 0.05), testis weight obtained by ANOVA test probability of 0.216 (> 0.05), mean Pb -acetate had no effect on testis weight and volume.Conclusion: Pb-acetate had no effect on testis weight and volume (Sains Medika, 3(2):150-156)
Relationships between Vascular Leakage Factor and Pulmonary Dysfunction in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever
Get PDFBackground: Mortality in Dengue patients hospitalized in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang is very high. The most common cause of death were bleeding and Multiple Organ Dysfunction including pulmonary dysfunction that manifest as Acute Lung Injury (ALI) and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). The previous study have shown the incidence of ARDS in DSS but the incidence of pulmonary dysfunction in dengue hemorrhagic fever is unknown.Design and Methods: An analytical observational study was performed in Non DSS and DSS patients. Researsh subjects were patients, aged 3-14 years old, with DHF according to WHO criteria 1999 hospitalized in the pediatric ward and Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang from February 2003 until August 2005.Result: Forty patients were included for analysis consisting of 20 Non DSS and 20 DSS. Mann-Whitney analysis showed a significant differences in the incidence pulmonary dysfunction between Non DSS and DSS patient (p < 0,05). Kendall’s Tau_b analysis showed a relationship between PEI value and pulmonary dysfunction, the low total protein plasma level with pulmonary dysfunction and the low albumin plasma level with pulmonary dysfunction with r = 0.552; 0.540; 0.353 respectively, (p= 0.01).Conclusion: The study showed that pulmonary dysfunction occured more frequent in DSS than Non DSS. There were relationships between vascular leakage factors (PEI, total protein level, albumin level) with incidence of pulmonary dysfunction in DHF patients (Sains Medika, 3(1):1-15)
The Trial on the Effectiveness of Honey on White Rats Using Geliate Acetate Method An Experimental Study in Male Wistar Rat
Get PDFBackground: Pain is the most common complaint of a disease that can be reduced using the analgesic drugs. Besides the pharmacological medication, the traditional medications are available including honey containing flavanoid. The compound can protect the lipid membrane from the damage and inhibit cyclooxygenase, the main path of the synthesis mediator for pain like prostaglandin. This study aims at finding out the efficacy of analgesic of honey using geliate asetate method.Design and methods: In an experimental study using post test only control group design, 25 Wistar rat (80-90 days, BW 180-220 gr) were randomly divided into 3 groups of 5 mice each. Gp1: =aquadest (negative control), Gp2: 0.675 g/BW honey, Gp3: 1.35g honey Gr 4: 2.7 g/kgBW honey and Gr 5 (possitive control): 4.5 mg/ BW of paracetamol. 5 minutes after the treatment, an intraperitoneal injection of acetic acid was given for all groups. Anova followed by post Hoc test was used for data analysis.Result: The honey concentration of 50% (1.35) g was found to have increasing effect of analgesic while the concentration of 25% and 100 % showed a reducing analgesic effect.Conclusion: Honey has been shown to have an analgesic effect in mice with the effective concentration of 50% (1.35 g/kgBW) (Sains Medika, 3(1):48-53)
Cytomegalovirus Congenital Cataract
Get PDFCytomegalovirus congenital infection is an infection caused by the the subfamily â Herpesviridae, during pregnancy. The incidence of infections among newborn infants is 1 %. One of the effects of congenitally acquired infection is the congenital cataract. A 6-year-old child complained to have a blurred vision diagnosed with cytomegalovirus congenital cataract. The diagnosis was confirmed by a positive serology testing for Ig M and Ig G CMV. The laboratory test using Giemsa staining to find inclusion bodies and a faster PCR could not be carried out (Sains Medika, 3(1):84-88)
The Correlation between Individual and Environmental Hygiene and Pioderma Incidence An Analytical Observational Study in Pyoderma Patient in Islamic Sultan Agung Hospital during the Period August to December 2010
Get PDFBackground: Bacterial skin infection is the third most common health problem in Indonesia resulting from poor personal and environmental hygiene. The most common bacterial skin infection is the pyoderma. This study aims to find out relation between personal hygiene and environmental with the incidence of pyoderma in RSI Sultan Agung Semarang.Design and Methods: The study type was analytic observational with case control design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents RSI patients Sultan Agung for case group and 30 persons as control group is the neighbors of patients who have similar characteristics and are not suffering pyoderma. The data used are secondary data from medical records and primary data from questionnaires filled out by respondents, then the data were analyzed with chi-square and to determine the correlation power there was used a contingency coefficient test.Results: It was found that the good and the bad individual hygene for the case group were 3.3% and 66.7% respectively, while for the control group the good and bad individual hygene were 80.0% and 20.0% respectively. Chi-square test resulted in p=0,000 with contingency coefisien of 0.426. It was found that the good and the bad environmental hygene for the case group were 56.7% and 43.3% respectively, while for the control group the good and bad environmental hygene were 83.3% and 16.3% respectively. Chi-square test resulted in p=0,024 with contingency coefisien of 0.27.Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between the personal and environmental hygiene and poderma insicence at the RSI Sultan Agung with a moderate relationship between individual hygiene and weak relationship between environmental hygene (Sains Medika, 3(1):24-30)