Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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Ovarian cyst mimicking acute appendicitis in children: a case report
Full text linkPediatric acute appendicitis is common; however, it is different from torsion ovarian cysts. The estimated incidence of ovarian torsion in children is 5 per 100,000 girls. Herein, we report two cases of ovarian torsion mimicking pediatric acute appendicitis mimicking ovarian cyst. In the first case, a girl who was being assessed for acute appendicitis was identified to have torsion of the ovarian cyst during the surgery. In the second case, a girl experienced a ruptured ovarian cyst but then got severe appendicitis following the surgical procedure. The simultaneous occurrence of appendicitis and ovarian cysts is rare. These two patients' acute gastrointestinal complaints and symptoms exhibit similarities and may coincide. Both patients underwent salpingo-oopherectomy and appendectomy. Both patients were healthy on hospital discharge in a healthy condition. Female patients with severe abdominal pain and amenorrhea should be evaluated for ovarian torsion. Diagnosing the condition may be challenging due to non-specific clinical signs
Surveillance of pathogenic Leptospira among rodents and small mammals in enzootic areas of plague in Pasuruan Indonesia
No full textLeptospirosis is a globally significant yet often overlooked zoonotic infection. Several regions in Indonesia are endemic for leptospirosis, including East Java. Pasuruan a region located in the East Java province of Indonesia, has been recognized as an enzootic area of plague infection. However, the presence of other rodent-borne diseases has not been reported. This study aims to detect the presence of pathogenic Leptospira in rats and small mammals in the enzootic plague area of Pasuruan in Indonesia. This study belongs to the type of observational analytic research with a cross-sectional study design. Simple random sampling was conducted to trap a total of 119 forms 107 rats and 12 small mammal kidneys were analyzed molecularly (PCR) to detect Leptospira bacteria with the LipL32 gene as the target. The study revealed that 7.6% (9/119) of rats in the enzootic areas of plague (Sedaeng, Tosari, Surorowo, Petren, Pakis Bincil, Kutukan) were found to carry Leptospira DNA, indicating a significant difference between infection rates per region (p < 0.0001). Rattus tanezumi was identified as the Leptospirosis reservoir in settlements habitats with a percentage of 13.2%, Rattus tiomanicus was detected at 28.6% in forest habitats, and Rattus exulans was found at 4.4% in both habitats. The findings in our study, it is crucial for the community to increase awareness of the spread of rodent-borne diseases, including Leptospirosis
Corneal edema after cataract surgery in diabetic and non-diabetic patients
Full text linkPatients with diabetes mellitus undergoing phacoemulsification cataract surgery face an elevated risk of corneal edema, primarily due to metabolic disturbances that impair endothelial cell function, leading to delayed post-operative recovery. This prospective cohort study aimed to examine the relationship between diabetes mellitus and the incidence of corneal edema following phacoemulsification. A total of 180 cataract patients scheduled for surgery at Sultan Agung Eye Center, Semarang, and Dr. R. Soedjati Soemodiardjo Regional Public Hospital, Purwodadi, Indonesia, between July and August 2023, were enrolled. Participants were divided into two groups based on the presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. Corneal edema and visual acuity were evaluated on post-operative days 1 and 7. Statistical analyses assessed the association between diabetes mellitus and post-operative corneal edema, with a significance threshold set at p < 0.05. The results indicated that pre-operative visual impairment was significantly worse in non-diabetic patients compared to diabetic patients (p = 0.000). However, post-operative visual improvement was significantly greater in non-diabetic patients on both day 1 (p = 0.02) and day 7 (p = 0.00) compared to diabetic patients. Additionally, the incidence of corneal edema was significantly higher among diabetic patients on both day 1 (p = 0.004) and day 7 (p = 0.001) post-surgery. These findings suggest that diabetes mellitus is associated with a higher risk of corneal edema and delayed visual recovery following phacoemulsification cataract surgery
Case Study: Disseminated intravascular coagulation at autopsy of a child with severe burns resulting in death
Full text linkChildhood is a time of growth and development, both intellectually and emotionally. The Indonesian Child Protection Commission has observed a growing number of cases of violence against children, including physical and verbal abuse, which require special attention and handling. Physical violence can include burns, which are particularly dangerous in developing countries, where the mortality rate is high. Severe burns can result in inhalation injury and sepsis, which can cause coagulation disorders, making it easier for Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) to occur. This study aims to describe the coagulation function of severely burnt patients, investigate the potential causes of DIC, and examine other clinical data. The study used a case study approach, analyzing the corpse of a child who suffered from severe burns. An autopsy was performed and supporting examinations were conducted to determine the cause of death. The examination of the patient's laboratory results, treatment records, corpse, and anatomical pathology revealed the presence of DIC. The autopsy of the child's corpse showed severe burns, pale coloring in the tissues under the nails, and blood clots in the epidural, left ventricle, right ventricle, and veins. The cause of death was determined to be severe burns causing multiple organ dysfunction
Self-efficacy to stop using drugs in adolescent boys at child development institute (LPKA) Palembang city
Full text linkAdolescent drug misuse self-efficacy pertains to an individual's ideas regarding their capacity and potential to conquer drug addiction and prevent relapse. The objective of the study was to examine the self-efficacy of male adolescent convicts at Child Development Institute (LPKA) Palembang City in their ability to cease drug use. This study employed a quantitative methodology utilizing a cross-sectional research design. The sample comprised 111 adolescents aged 15-24 who engaged in drug addiction at (LPKA) Palembang City. The independent variables include age, education, knowledge, emotional state, and social modeling, whereas the dependent variable is self-efficacy. The analysis employed univariate, bivariate, and multivariate methods. The findings indicate that 45.9% of the respondents had high self-efficacy, while 54.1% had low self-efficacy. Additionally, there is a significant correlation between the age of the respondents (p=0.004, PR=3.360, 95% CI (1.523-7.413)), their knowledge (p=0.000, PR=8.017, 95%CI (2.976-21.597)), emotional state (p=0.004, PR=3.334, 95%CI (1.515-7.339)), and social modeling (p=0.011, PR =3.333, 95% CI (1.377-8.070)) with their self-efficacy. However, the education level variable (p=0.700, PR=0.790) showed no correlation with self-efficacy. Knowledge emerged as the primary factor influencing self-efficacy (p=0.000, PR=7.153, 95% CI (2.375-21.549)) after accounting for age, social modelling and emotional state. The formation of self-efficacy to cease drug abuse is influenced by a deep understanding of the perils associated with drugs Intensive education from health workers together with LPKA administrators is needed to improve the self-efficacy of adolescent boys who abuse drugs so that they can stop using drugs
Drug utilization of corticosteroid in post-operative cataract patients at Klinik Mata Utama (KMU) Madura
Full text linkA cataract is contributed to 51% of blindness in the world. Cataract surgery is needed to restore the normal eye function. Therapeutic management post cataract operative is generally carried out 1-4 weeks by administering antibiotics, corticosteroids or NSAIDs by oral or topical routes. Corticosteroids administration increase intraocular pressure (IOP), therefore should be taken into account in post-operative cataract. The aim of this study was to observe the pattern of corticosteroid use in post-cataract surgery patients at the Klinik Mata Utama (KMU) Madura. Observational retrospective research involved 153 patients who consumed corticosteroids during their post operative cataract period. The results showed that 122 patients (79.7%) received combination therapy of topical dexamethasone and oral methylprednisolone, while 31 (20.3%) received combination therapy of topical dexamethasone and oral prednisone. 140 Patients (91,6%) showed good recovery with corticosteroids, and 13 patients (8,4%) experienced the IOP as a side effect of topical corticosteroids. In conclusion, the corticosteroids therapy for post-operative cataract patients should be managed properly to prevent the side effects of increasing IOP
Effect of nasal irrigation on eosinophil and recurrence in allergic rhinitis
Full text linkUntil now, the treatment of allergic rhinitis has not been satisfactory. Patients with allergic rhinitis are highly dependent on medical pharmacological treatment. Nasal irrigation is expected to help reduce symptoms due to decreased eosinophil counts and recurrence of allergic rhinitis. This study aims to determine the effect of nasal irrigation on eosinophils and the recurrence of allergic rhinitis—experimental research by pre – post-test group design. Twenty samples of allergic rhinitis patients were trained to wash their nose once a day at home—nasal mucosal secretion was collected to count eosinophils before and after intervention. The degree of recurrence was assessed based on the symptoms of nasal congestion, runny nose, sneezing, and itchy nose. The degree is divided into three groups: decrease, remain, and increase. The statistical analysis used in this study for bivariate analysis was Wilcoxon Test. There was a significant decrease in eosinophil count (p = 0.00) and recurrence of nasal congestion (p = 0.00), runny nose (p = 0.00), sneezing (p = 0.001) and itchy nose (p = 0.00) in allergic rhinitis after nasal irrigation intervention. Nasal irrigation treatment can help decrease eosinophil count and recurrence of allergic rhinitis
The effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus,Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium longum probiotics on bilirubin levels of neonates with hyperbilirubinemia
Full text linkHyperbilirubinemia, a common illness in newborns that can lead to hospital readmission, has been treated with blue light phototherapy. This treatment, either on its own or in combination with probiotics, has shown fast and significant decreases in bilirubin levels in the blood, helping to speed up the fading of jaundice. This study aims to examine the effects of combining phototherapy with probiotics containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus thermophilus, and Bifidobacterium longum on newborns with hyperbilirubinemia. The study was conducted at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital (RSI Sultan Agung), Semarang, using a randomized controlled trial design. It included newborns who were hospitalized between August and November 2022. The control group was administered phototherapy, whereas the treatment group received both phototherapy and probiotics for 7 days. SPSS software analysis demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in average levels of total and indirect bilirubin in the intervention group (6.50 mg/dl and 7.20 mg/dl) compared to the control group (6.70 mg/dl and 7.48 mg/dl). These findings highlight the potential effectiveness of the combined approach in controlling hyperbilirubinemia. The study proposes using probiotics as a safe additional treatment for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, showing that it is well-tolerated and safe for the participants. Although the combination of probiotics and phototherapy did not show a significant difference compared to phototherapy alone, it did result in a faster average decrease in hyperbilirubinemia. This could reduce the necessity for hospital readmissions to manage this condition. The findings underscore the potential of probiotics as a helpful supplement to established treatment methods for newborn hyperbilirubinemia
Potential therapy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) in renal fibrosis
Full text linkRenal fibrosis (RF) is a severe kidney pathology defined by myofibroblast anomalies that create extracellular material on the interstitial and glomerular surfaces. The current therapy for treating renal disease has not achieved excellent results. A new theory about applying umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSC) to treat renal fibrosis and other fibrosis-affected organs has been developed. This review aims to elucidate the role of UC-MSC in the therapy of renal fibrosis and summarize the numerous biological mechanisms involved. A search was undertaken using PubMed and Google Scholar from 2003 to 2021 to gather information regarding the Potential therapy with UC-MSC in renal fibrosis. Multiple studies on rat models of renal fibrosis have demonstrated a considerable improvement in fibrotic kidneys following UC-MSC treatment. It can transfer functional proteins and genetic information to recipient cells that suppress the fibrosis process. UC-MSC is considered a superior approach to MSC for therapeutic purposes due to its straightforward collection, minimum immunogenicity, and solid paracrine potency. The UC-MSC cellular treatment for renal impairment is a feasible option in the future
Characteristics of body mass index and sodium intake of adults with hypertension family history in Yogyakarta
Full text linkHypertension is a progression of prehypertension due to the accumulation of several non-genetic risk factors (environmental factors) that occur together (common underlying risk factors) or genetic factors or the interaction between the two. Risk factors for hypertension that can be controlled include high sodium intake, lack of physical activity, obesity, smoking, and alcohol consumption, while risk factors that cannot be controlled include increasing age, gender, and a family or genetic history of hypertension. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of Body Mass Index (BMI) and sodium intake in adults with a family history of hypertension in Yogyakarta. This study used a case-control design. Subjects studied were healthy individuals with a family history of hypertension as case subjects (n = 42), and control subjects were individuals without a family history of hypertension (n = 41). Body mass index (BMI) was measured with anthropometry, and sodium intake was measured using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire. Independent Sample T-test and Chi-Square test analyzed the data with a significance level of p 0.05). Body mass index and sodium intake in the case and control group were not significant differences (p>0.05). The BMI values and sodium intake levels were higher in the group of individuals with a family history of hypertension compared to those without a family history of hypertension, but not statistically significant