Sains Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan
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Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of pediatric solid tumours at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital (2018–2023)
Full text linkA tumour is an abnormal mass of tissue that does not contain cysts or fluid. According to the Global Cancer Statistics, approximately 275,000 children worldwide were diagnosed with cancer in 2022. Among pediatric solid tumours, the most common types include neuroblastoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma. This study aims to analyse the prevalence and characteristics of solid tumours in children treated at Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital in Semarang. A descriptive quantitative approach was employed, utilising retrospective data from medical records. The study population comprised pediatric inpatients and outpatients aged 0 to 17 years who underwent pathological or radiological examinations between 2018 and 2024. Data analysed included demographic details (age, gender), presenting symptoms, and blood test results. The study identified 22 pediatric patients with solid tumours, with Rhabdomyosarcoma and Teratoma being the most common types. The gender distribution was evenly split between males and females. Notably, 73% of the patients showed recovery. Common presenting symptoms included palpable lumps (45%) and pain (41%). Blood tests revealed that haemoglobin levels in children aged 2-9 years were below the usual lower limit (8.21 ± 4.88 g/dL). White blood cell counts in the same age group were abnormal, averaging 11.20 ± 8.36 103/µL. Platelet counts across the age span of 1 month to 17 years were elevated, with a mean of 412.33 ± 224.11 103/µL. In conclusion, the supporting laboratory examinations frequently indicated anaemia, leukocytosis, and thrombocytosis among pediatric tumour patients. These findings underscore the importance of comprehensive diagnostic assessments in managing pediatric solid tumours
Community-based zinc supplementation for linear growth recovery in stunted under-five children in Indonesia
Full text linkStunting remains a significant nutritional challenge in Indonesia and across Southeast Asia, with zinc deficiency identified as a contributing factor to impaired linear growth in early childhood. Zinc is critical for growth hormone synthesis, bone development, and immune regulation. Despite existing intervention programs, stunting prevalence in Indonesia remained at 19.8% in 2024. This study evaluated the effect of zinc supplementation on the linear growth of stunted children aged 0–5 years attending Bangetayu and Genuk Public Health Centres in Semarang. Employing an observational analytic design with a one-group pretest-posttest approach, 42 stunted toddlers received a daily oral dose of 20 mg zinc sulfate syrup for two months. Anthropometric measurements were recorded before and after the intervention, with paired T-tests applied to normally distributed data and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests to non-normal data. After two months of supplementation, 86% of the participants demonstrated improvements in both height and weight. The mean height increased from 79.9 cm to 81.0 cm (p < 0.001), while the mean weight increased from 9.28 kg to 9.74 kg (p < 0.001). These findings indicate that zinc supplementation significantly enhances linear growth among stunted toddlers. Consequently, integrating zinc supplementation into national nutrition intervention strategies could be pivotal in reducing early childhood stunting
Validity and Reliability of Indonesian Version of Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes at Primary Care
No full textIntroduction: Diabetes self-management is critical for effective diabetes mellitus management. This study aimed to assess the validity and reliability of the Indonesian version of the Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ) among patients with type 2 diabetes in a primary care setting.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with type 2 diabetes at primary health care facilities in Singkawang City, West Borneo, Indonesia. Data were collected through interviews or face-to-face meetings with 30 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus undergoing outpatient treatment. The selection criteria included: patients aged 20-75 years, not pregnant or breastfeeding, free from complications affecting physical, mental, and emotional states, and willing to participate voluntarily. The DSMQ assesses self-management behaviors through a multidimensional questionnaire rated on a four-point scale. Construct validity was evaluated using Pearson’s r correlation values, and reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, with thresholds set at >0.361 and >0.70, respectively.Results:The study population primarily consisted of women (76.7%), with most respondents aged 50 years and older (53.3%) and predominantly married (93.3%). Educational levels were generally low, with 40% having primary education. The DSMQ showed high validity and reliability across its subscales. Pearson’s r values ranged from 0.393 to 0.865, indicating significant correlations. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the DSMQ was 0.930, reflecting excellent internal consistency.Conclusions: The Indonesian version of the DSMQ demonstrated strong validity and reliability for assessing diabetes self-management behaviors in patients with type 2 diabete
Bioinformatics study of the a222v substitution in sars-cov-2 spike protein
Full text linkCOVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, has infected over 200 million people and caused 4.3 million deaths globally, with over 3.7 million cases and 110,000 deaths in Indonesia. SARS-CoV-2, a single-stranded RNA virus, has a genome encoding proteins such as Spike (S), Envelope (E), Membrane (M), and Nucleocapsid (N). The S protein, comprising S1 and S2 domains, facilitates ACE2 receptor binding and membrane fusion. This study examines the phylogenetic relationship of the A222V substitution in the S protein with various global isolates. We collected 25 complete SARS-CoV-2 sequences from the GISAID database, performed multiple sequence alignments using Clustal W in MEGA-X software, and constructed phylogenetic trees using the neighbor-joining method. The urgency of this paper lies in understanding the impact of the A222V mutation on the virus's infectivity and spread, which is crucial for developing targeted treatments and vaccines. The A222V variant, first identified in Spain in summer 2020, has spread rapidly across Europe, raising concerns about its potential to increase transmissibility or affect vaccine efficacy. The A222V variant likely affects protein conformation or stability rather than receptor binding or membrane fusion. Understanding these changes is essential as it can influence the virus's behavior and efficacy of public health interventions. The study found high mutation rates in the S gene with diverse point mutations. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A222V isolates clustered closely with D614G variants. In conclusion, not all mutations result in amino acid changes, and A222V has minimal impact on ACE2 binding but may influence protein stability
The Role of Nutritional Therapy in Supporting PCOS Therapy in Undergoing a Pregnancy Program
No full textPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder of the female reproductive organs. Providing nutritional therapy to women suffering from PCOS who are undergoing a pregnancy program is important because it really supports the success of the therapy, and not all PCOS sufferers receive the nutritional therapy they need. A 21-year-old woman diagnosed with PCOS, primary infertility for 3.5 years, and obesity was referred by a specialist in obstetrics and gynecology to the clinical nutrition clinic at RSI Sultan Agung Semarang for consultation on treating obesity. The patient has been married for more than three years and has a history of irregular menstruation. Patients are given pharmacotherapy therapy in the form of orlistat and non-pharmacotherapy with reduced calories and physical activity. The results of the study showed a weight loss of 6 kg over three months and a decrease in Body Mass Index. In the Omron Karada Scan HBF 375 Bio Impedance Analyzer (BIA) examination, it was found that there was a decrease in total body fat, a decrease in visceral fat, and an increase in body age (Body Age), and the patient was declared pregnant in the fourth month while undergoing nutritional therapy. Nutritional therapy helps reduce BMI, improve lipid profiles and insulin resistance, and supports the success of therapy in PCOS sufferers who are undergoing a pregnancy program
Correlation between haemoglobin, leukocytes, HbA1c, and albumin levels with diabetic foot ulcer severity: a cross-sectional study
Full text linkDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) represent a serious complication of diabetes mellitus, associated with significant morbidity and healthcare costs. The progression of DFUs is influenced by systemic and local factors, including haemoglobin levels, leukocyte count, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), and serum albumin. This study aims to explore the relationship between these clinical parameters and the severity of DFUs. We enrolled 62 patients with DFUs and classified ulcer severity as mild, moderate, or severe according to the Wagner classification system. Using Spearman’s rank correlation, we found significant associations: lower hemoglobin and albumin levels correlated with more severe ulcers (ρ = -0.34, p= 0.0065; ρ = -0.41, p = 0.00084, respectively), while higher HbA1c and leukocyte counts were associated with increased ulcer severity (ρ = 0.62, p = 0.000; ρ = 0.40, p = 0.0013, respectively). These findings suggest that hematologic and biochemical markers may serve as valuable indicators of DFU progression, potentially guiding clinical decision-making and improving patient outcomes. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and evaluate targeted interventions for this high-risk population
Reconciling Contradictory Findings: In Silico Evaluation of Annonacin’s Antimalarial Efficacy and Safety
No full textIntroduction. With the increasing resistance to existing antimalarial therapies, the discovery of new drugs has become urgent. Annona muricata contains phenolic compounds with antioxidant potential and bioactive properties, including annonaceous acetogenins, which exhibit cytotoxicity, raising safety concerns. Conversely, other studies have shown significant antimalarial activity from A. muricata extracts without observed toxicity, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for malaria treatment. This inconsistency calls for further investigation, particularly through in silico analyses, to clarify the interactions between these compounds and key malaria targets. Aim. This study employs in silico methods to explore Annonacin’s binding affinity to malaria proteins, PfDHODH and PfLDH, and evaluates its toxicity and bioavailability. Methods. Molecular docking was conducted using Molegro Virtual Docker (MVD) version 6.0 to assess Annonacin’s binding interactions with PfDHODH and PfLDH. Toxicity was analyzed using ProTox-II, focusing on cytotoxicity and LD50 value. Pharmacokinetic properties, including gastrointestinal absorption and adherence to Lipinski’s rule of five, were evaluated using SwissADME. Results. Docking results revealed that Annonacin forms stable complexes with both proteins, suggesting strong inhibitory potential. However, toxicity analysis highlighted significant cytotoxic effects, with an LD50 of 400 mg/kg placing Annonacin in Toxicity Class IV, indicating ingestion risks. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed challenges such as low gastrointestinal absorption and a violation of Lipinski’s rule due to high molecular weight. Conclusion. These findings suggest Annonacin has antimalarial potential, but its development is hindered by safety concerns and pharmacokinetic limitations. Further optimization is needed to balance efficacy with safety, providing a foundation for future research and development
Effectivity Combination of Low Impact Aerobic Exercise and Hatha Yoga on Blood Pressure and Pulse Rate in Patients with Hypertension
No full textBackground: Non-pharmacological therapy in hypertensive patients to improve blood pressure and pulse began to be selected to provide support for pharmacological treatment. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of a combination of low impact aerobic exercise and hatha yoga on blood pressure and pulse rate in patients with hypertension.Metode: Penelitian kuantitatif pada pasien hipertensi menggunakan pendekatan desain kelompok kontrol pra-posttest eksperimental. Pasien sesuai dengan kriteria direkrut menggunakan purposive sampling dan memperoleh 39 responden masing-masing dalam kelompok kontrol dan intervensi. Variabel independen dari penelitian ini adalah kombinasi latihan aerobik berdampak rendah dan hatha yoga yang diberikan dua kali seminggu selama 4 minggu dengan durasi 40 menit pemanasan, 10 menit istirahat dan 20 menit pendinginan. Variabel dependen tekanan darah dan denyut nadi diamati melalui pengukuran. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji-t berpasangan.Hasil: Sebanyak 37 responden dari masing-masing kelompok bertahan hingga akhir penelitian, dan hasilnya menunjukkan efek signifikan dari kombinasi aerobik berdampak rendah dan hatha yoga pada tekanan darah dan denyut nadi pada pasien hipertensi (p=0,000) pada kelompok intervensi. Tekanan darah sistolik menurun dari 147,78 ± 6,014 menjadi 131,08 ± 6,576. Tekanan darah diastolik menurun dari 95,08 ± 2,278 menjadi 80,81 ± 6,032 dan denyut nadi menurun dari 87,62 ± 5,570 menjadi 79,49 ± 5,295.Kesimpulan: Kombinasi latihan aerobik berdampak rendah dan hatha yoga telah terbukti efektif dalam menurunkan tekanan darah dan denyut nadi pada pasien hipertensi, sehingga terapi dapat digunakan sebagai terapi suportif untuk mendukung terapi farmakologis pasien
Factors affecting quality of life in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Semarang, Indonesia
Full text linkThe quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) reflects how well an individual's needs are met across three physical, psychological, and social dimensions. Measuring a patient's quality of life (QoL) helps evaluate the effectiveness of CKD therapies. This study compares patients' clinical conditions categorised by their quality of life while undergoing hemodialysis therapy for chronic kidney failure. This study compares the clinical conditions of CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis based on their QoL, using a cross-sectional design involving 82 patients from Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital, Semarang. QoL was assessed with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, and demographic data were collected through interviews. Clinical data was sourced from electronic medical records. Logistic regression analysis identified influencing variables on QoL. The sample was predominantly female (62.2%), with most patients over 45 years old, meeting minimum education standards (61%), and 67.1% unemployed. Most identified as Muslim and married, with 98.8% reporting strong family support. While bivariate analysis showed no significant impact of demographic or clinical variables on QoL, multivariate analysis indicated a significant relationship with haemoglobin levels. While other factors like family support and knowledge contribute to well-being, further research with larger, more varied samples is needed to better understand the quality-of-life influences for CKD patients on hemodialysis
Exploring the clinical studies of surgical acne scar management: a 10-year systematic review of modalities and outcomes
Full text linkAcne scars are permanent sequelae of acne vulgaris, classified into hypertrophic, keloid, and atrophic types. Treatment strategies include non-invasive, minimally invasive, and invasive modalities. This systematic review evaluates clinical studies from the past decade on surgical and related interventions for acne scars. Using PRISMA guidelines, searches were conducted on PubMed, Scopus, and Epistemonikos with keywords related to "acne scar" and "surgical therapy." Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria out of 396 screened articles. The modalities examined encompass TCA CROSS, radiofrequency (RF) micro-needling, fractional microplasma RF, fractional bipolar RF, fractional CO₂ laser, erbium YAG (2940 nm), 1550 nm erbium, 1540 nm erbium glass, subcision, punch techniques, microdermabrasion, needling, platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid fillers, hybrid energy devices, trifractional technology, and human adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ASCE). Results demonstrated variable efficacy, with predominantly positive outcomes across modalities. Specific treatments showed better suitability for certain scar types; however, all carry potential risks of adverse effects, emphasizing the need for cautious application and patient management. Limitations include small sample sizes and heterogeneity among studies, which may affect the generalizability of findings. This review highlights the diversity of surgical and minimally invasive options for acne scar management, supporting tailored treatment approaches based on scar morphology and patient factors