JURNAL ILMIAH PETERNAKAN TERPADU
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Biofilm Properties and Their Association to Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus aureus from Animal Isolates
Get PDFStaphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a Gram positive bacterium that has many virulence factor including the ability to produce biofilm. Biofilm formation is one of the important ability in the persistance and resistant to antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of S. aureus isolates from animal origin in their capacity to produce biofilm in vitro. Eight S. aureus isolates collection from goat mastitis and raw chicken meat origin were phenotypically evaluated the ability to produce biofilm in 96 well culture plate, while genotypic were determinated by detecting the icaA, icaC and icaD genes. We employed minimum of inhibitory concentration (MIC) data from previous research to clarify their correlation to biofilm production in respected isolates. The results showed that 75% (6/8) of S. aureus isolates had ability to produced biofilm, whereas 50% (4/8) showed the elevation of biofilm production after glucose was added. PCR determination showed that majority isolates were positive for icaA, icaC and icaD genes, while one of the isolates was negative for the icaA. The statistical analysis tests indicated no correlation between the optical density of biofilm production and MIC of antibiotics. Further research is needed to clarify the association of biofilm and antibiotic resistance
Utilization of Papaya Waste as Dairy Cattle Feed on Fermentability Value (In Vitro)
Get PDFPapaya is a plant that is commonly found in Indonesia, especially on the island of Java. The waste produced in the form of peel, seeds and leaves can be used as an alternative animal feed. The aims of the study was to utilize and evaluate papaya waste as dairy cattle feed. The research was carried out in two places, at the Laboratory of Ruminant Nutrition and Feed Chemistry, Faculty of Animal Husbandry Padjadjaran University and at the Service Laboratory of Pakuan University from September to October 2021. The research method used was Completely Randomized Design with seven treatments (P1: 100% Papaya peel, P2: 100% Papaya Seeds, P3: 100% Papaya leaves, P4: 50% Papaya peel and 50% seeds, P5: 50% Papaya peel and 50% leaves, P6: 50% Papaya seeds and 50% leaves, P7: 33,33% Papaya peel, 33,33% seeds, and 33,33% leaves), each treatment was repeated four times. The research were tested in vitro. The used medium was McDougall fluid and rumen of dairy cattle. The data obtained were analyzed by ANOVA using SPSS 20 software and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The variables observed were feed fermentability values (VFA, NH3, and pH). The results showed that the utilization of papaya waste significantly (P<0.05) affected to the production of VFA, and NH3, pH with an average of 98.17-194.42 mM, 3.48-7.10 mM, and 6.87-7.04. In conclusion, the utilization of papaya waste mixed with peel and leaves showed the best results
Evaluation of Technical Aspects of Health and Welfare of Intensively Raised Goats in Kendari City
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the technical aspects of the health and welfare of goats that are intensively raised in Kendari City. The research method used is the survey method. The determination of the research location was carried out by purposive sampling, then in each sub-district the determination of respondents was carried out using the snowball sampling method. The data was analyzed descriptively. The results of the study showed that disease prevention measures and the provision of deworming drugs in Abeli, Nambo and Poasia Sub-districts were in the bad category while disease treatment in Abeli Sub-district was in the good category and in Nambo and Poasia Sub-districts was in the fairly good category. In terms of animal welfare, in general it was in the fairly good category in Abeli, Nambo and Poasia Sub-districts. Breeders need to be given training and socialization to breeders about the importance of aspects of animal health and welfare in increasing livestock productivity. The conclusion of the study is that the technical aspects of the health and welfare of goats that are intensively raised are in the fairly good category so they need improvemen
Comparasion of the Grade of Day Old Chick Broiler Chickens in Different Cages to Mortality and Feed Conversion Ratio
Get PDFThis research aims to find out and study the influence of differences in initial weight of broiler chickens on mortality and feed conversion ratio. The internship will be held for 1 period starting from 30 September – 22 December 2023 in Arresie Village, Paleteang District, Pinrang, South Sulawesi. The variables observed were mortality and FCR. The material used was broiler chickens with the platinum grade Lohmann strain in cage 1 with a population of 7,500, the second cage used silver grade Lohmann strain broiler chickens with a population of 7,500. The method used is the observation method. The variables measured were mortality and FCR in two different cages with the same population size. The analysis method used is the independent T-Test. The research results showed that the difference in doc weight on mortality and feed conversion ratio (FCR) had no significant differences (p>0.05). The difference in doc weight on mortality and feed conversion ratio (FCR) in different cages was not significantly different (P>0.05)
NDF (Neutral Detergent Fiber) and ADF (Acid Detergent Fiber) In Vitro Digestibility of Fermented Complete Feed with Lemongrass Oil Distillation Waste
Get PDFThis study aims to evaluate the potential of fermented lemongrass distillation waste as a complete feed for ruminant livestock by assessing in vitro digestibility of NDF and ADF. The study was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and four replications, including: P0 (60% Elephant Grass + 0% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), P1 (40% Elephant Grass + 20% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), P2 (30% Elephant Grass + 30% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), P3 (20% Elephant Grass + 40% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate), and P4 (0% Elephant Grass + 60% Lemongrass Distillation Waste + 40% Concentrate). The observed parameters were in vitro NDF digestibility and ADF digestibility. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The differences in the use of fermented lemongrass distillation waste in complete feed did not affect (P>0.05) the in vitro digestibility of NDF and ADF, with an average NDF digestibility of 69.24 ± 10.42% and an average ADF digestibility of 36.97 ± 7.18%. The results of this study conclude that lemongrass distillation waste can be utilized as an alternative fiber source in formulating complete feed for small ruminant livestock
Feasibility Analysis and Marketing Channels for Etawa Crossbred Goat Farming Business in Banjaragung Village, Balongpanggang District, Gresik Regency
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the feasibility and marketing channels in the Etawa crossbred goat farming business in Banjaragung Village, Balongpanggang District, Gresik Regency. The population in this study was 16 Etawa crossbred goat farmers in Banjaragung Village. This study used business feasibility analysis, which included the calculation of the B/C Ratio, BEP unit, BEP price, BEP income, and the marketing margin analysis method to determine the efficiency level of the marketing channel. The result of the B/C Ratio calculation is 0,23, which means that the business is feasible to run because the result is more than 0. The result of the BEP unit calculation is 0,55 heads (1 head), the BEP price per head is Rp.2.317.214, and the BEP income is Rp.1.550.110, which means that the business is feasible to run because the average results obtained by farmers exceed the break-even point and the results of the calculation of the marketing margin analysis show that all farmers have a farmer share value above 50%, which means that all farmers have chosen an efficient marketing channel, namely marketing channel I (Farmers-Consumers) with a farmer share value of 100% and marketing channel II (Farmers-Blantik-Consumers) with a farmer share value of 90,34%
Improving The Quality Of Duroc Boars Semen Through The Application of Sun Dry Carrot Extract In Spermax-Egg Yolk Diluent
Get PDFThis research aimed to determine the best level of sun-dried carrot extract (SDCE) in the spermax-egg yolk (EY-S) diluent for preserving the sperm of duroc boars. Semen was collected from two 2-year-old healthy duroc boars. The study employed an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD), consisting of five treatments and five replicates. The five treatments were T1 = EY-S + SDCE 10%, T2 = EY-S + SDCE 12.5%, T3 = EY-S + SDCE 15%, T4 = EY-S + SDCE 17.5%, T5 = EY-S + SDCE 20%. Semen, which was diluted with the treatment diluent, was stored in a cool box at a temperature of 18-20°C and observed every 12 hours until sperm motility reached 40%. The results indicated that treatment P5 was able to maintain the quality of liquid boar semen better than the other treatments (P<0.05) with sperm motility (46.00%), sperm viability (51.92%), sperm abnormality (4.90%), and sperm survival (66.33 hours). It was concluded that a 20% level of sun-dried carrot extract in spermax-egg yolk diluent can preserve motility for up to 60 hours of storage. This study demonstrates that dried carrot extract can enhance the quality and storage capacity of spermatozoa, making it an effective alternative in storage media. This is beneficial in animal reproduction, particularly in artificial insemination, where sperm motility is crucial for fertilization. Furthermore, this research opens up opportunities to explore other natural substances in sperm diluents, reducing reliance on synthetic chemicals and improving the sustainability of reproductive practices
The Effect of Durian Fruit Waste Fermentated with Trichoderma Sp. in Laying Hen Ration on Egg Yolk Quality
Get PDFEgg yolk has a high nutrient content, but cholesterol content and synthetic dyes added in egg yolk trigger concerns for the community so that alternatives are needed to improve egg quality by using Fermented Durian Fruit Waste (LBDF). This study aims to analyze the effect of LBDF with Trichoderma sp. in the ration of laying hens on egg quality. The research was conducted from January to March 2025 at Ciparanje Mini Feedmill and Laboratory of Non-Ruminant Poultry Nutrition and Animal Food Industry, located at Building 3, Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Padjadjaran University. The research was conducted experimentally using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replicates for each treatment, with each unit consisting of 2 laying hens, namely P0 (ration without LBDF), P1 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 5%), P2 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 10%), P3 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 15%), P4 (ration with LBDF Trichoderma sp. 20%). The results showed that the addition of LBDF with Trichoderma sp. gave a real effect on yolk cholesterol, yolk color, and yolk weight. The addition of LBDF to feed ingredients at 15% (P3) gave the best effect in reducing egg cholesterol, improving yolk color, and yolk weight
Effectiveness of Mixed Strain Probiotics on the Performance of Broiler Chickens Reared in an Open Cage System
Get PDFThis research aims to assese the effect of probiotics as feed additives in broiler chicken feed kept in open housed on the feed consumption, weight gain, feed conversion ratio and percentage of broiler chicken carcasses. The study involved 100 male Cobb strain broiler chickens kept from day old chick until they were culled at 35 days of age. The research design implemented was a completely randomized design featuring 4 treatments and 5 replications, resulting in 20 experimental units. Every experimental unit was made up of 5 broiler chickens. The intervention applied involved adding probiotics, which included P0: Commercial feed (control), P1: Commercial feed + 0.2% Bacillus coagulans Probiotic, P2: Commercial feed + 0.2% Saccharomyces cerevisiae Probiotic, P3: Commercial feed + Mied-strain probiotic comprising both Bacillus coagulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.1% each. The variables measured consist of feed intake, weight gain (WG) ,feed conversion ratio(FCR) and carcass percentage. Data analysis using analysis of variance. The value of feed consumption values is 640.37±136.89 to 661.92±142.68 grams/head/week with an average of 654.32±142.99 grams/head/week. The range of body weight gain values is 491.03±234.46 to 518.8±236.41 grams/head/week with an average of 502.35±247.72 grams/head/week. The FCR values range from 1,47±0,05 to 1,95±0,15 with an average of 1,75±0,18. The range of carcass percentage results is 62.17% to 68.79% with an average of 65.20%±1.76%. The analysis of variance indicate that incorporating probiotics as a feed additive does not significantly impact (P>0.05) feed intake, weight gain, FCR rate, or carcass yield. The inclusion of probiotics Bacillus coagulans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.2% and mixed strains in feed has failed to enhance feed intake, body weight, feed conversion ratio, and carcass percentage of broiler chickens raised in open housed. The provision of probiotics Bacillus coagulans, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as much as 0.2% and mix strain in feed has not been able to improve feed consumption, first of all body weight, FCR and percentage of carcass of broiler chickens raised in open cages
Effect of Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells on Ammonia Concentration in Laying Hen Manure
Get PDFThis research aimed to determine the response of activated carbon from coconut shells to releasing ammonia in the manure of laying hens. Thirty-six 70-week-old Isa Brown strain laying hens were utilized for each treatment in this investigation. The manure was collected in the morning. A total of 50 grams of laying hen manure were gathered. Activated carbon is then sprinkled over the collected manure. Activated carbon-sprinkled manure is kept for seven days. Activated carbon application was split into four treatments. The coconut shells-activated carbon (K) treatments were applied at doses of 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30%. The measurements include shrinkage, pH, ammonia levels, and a manure smell test. The results of this study indicate that adding different amounts of activated carbon made from coconut shells to laying hens' manure can increase shrinkage, lower pH and ammonia levels, and mask the smell of the manure—especially when using 20% Coconut Shells-Activated Carbon (K2). Based on these findings, applying 20% activated carbon derived from coconut shells is recommended for optimal manure management