International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Effect of Rutin and Telmisartam on Metabolic Syndrome X
No full textThe objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of rutin and telmisartan on parameters related with insulin sensitivity, glucose and fat metabolism in the high fructose consumed animal model of the ovariectomized female Sprague dawley rats. Female Sprague Dawley (SD) rats of 180-230 g body weight were grouped and fed with either standard chow diet (NPD) or high fructose diet (HFD30% w/v). Rutin and Telmisartan were administered orally in a dose of 100 mg/kg & 5 mg/kg p.o. Daily for the entire study period. Normal parameters (Food intake & Body weight), Biochemical parameters (Blood glucose by GOD/POD method, Total Cholesterol by CHOD/PAP method, Triglyceride level, LDL, HDL) Metabolic Indicators (Aspartate transminase (AST), Alanine transminase (ALT)), Swimming test, Oral Glucose Tolerance Test, & Body weight were measured in all the groups. The unpaired t- test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Telmisartan and Rutin significantly improved abnormal metabolic profile and glucose intolerance. Rutin reduces the body weight, plasma triglycerides, and total cholesterol .in addition rutin reduces the elevated serum glutamate pyruvate transminase levels. Improved abnormal metabolic profile and glucose intolerance indicates that rutin and telmisartan provides a scientific rationale for the use in metabolic syndrome
Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Properties of Tamarindus indica L.
No full textIn this study, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of aqueous and Hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves Tamarindus indica were investigated. In-vitro antioxidant assay was performed by DPPH (1, 1 –diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) assay, Hydroxyl radicals scavenging assay, Ferric reducing assay, Nitric oxide radical scavenging assay. Percentage of free radical scavenging potential was determined using ascorbic acid as a standard in each method. In Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay, antioxidant power was determined by measuring ferric reducing values. It was observed that hydroalcoholic extracts were having more potential antioxidants. Hydroalcoholic extract at 500 µg/ml shown maximum FRAP value 0.76±0.08. IC50 values were determined for each extracts. Lowest IC 50 value was exhibited by HAETIS in DPPH, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Ferric reducing and NO scavenging methods are: 195.30µg/ml,182.02µg/ml,196.23µg/ml respectively. These results indicated that the anti oxidant capacities depends on concentration and nature of extracts. Antimicrobial activities were evaluated by determining inhibition zone diameter and calculated MIC values. Aqueous extracts of Tamarindus indica leaves shown maximum inhibition zone diameter against gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus 17.33±1.5 mm and was exhibited by Ciprofloxacin used as standard 36.0±2.0mm. In gram negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa hydroalcoholic extracts of Tamarindus indica leaves shown 24.66±.51mm and Gentamicin used as standard 37.0±1.73. Aqueous extracts of leaves shown good antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria and hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves in gram negative bacteria. Minimum inhibitory concentration shown by different extracts were in the range of 8-20mg/ml. Hydroalcoholic extracts of leaves shown lowest minimum Inhibitory concentration 8mg/ml against Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Anticancer effects of flavonoids on melanoma cells: are murine cells more sensitive compared to humans?
No full textIn the past few decades, research in new drugs for treatment of oncological disorders has refocused on naturally occurring products. Among various plant-derived compounds flavonoids are considered as promising chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents exerting specific antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities towards various cancer cell lines. Such tumoricidal action can depend on the structure of flavonoids and their concentrations, but also on the cellular milieu and cancer type. Analysing the anticancer effects of various flavonoids on different human and murine melanoma cell lines, one further aspect influencing the antineoplastic action of flavonoids is pointed out in this article, i.e. the species origin of malignant cells. It is shown that murine melanoma cells tend to exert somewhat lower resistance to different flavonoids compared to human melanoma cells, emphasising that anticancer effects exhibited by natural polyphenolic agents in mouse cells can not be directly extrapolated to humans
Antibacterial, Antioxidant, Collagenase inhibition, Urease inhibition activities and Chemical composition of the Essential oil and extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum bark.
No full textSignificant biological activities of bacterial infection like antibacterial, antioxidant, urease and collagenase inhibitory activities of the essential oil and various extracts of Cinnamomum zeylanicum were determined. The in vitro antibacterial activity against nine epidermal bacteria and 11 MRSA isolates was conducted. The essential oil of C. zeylanicum exhibited the activity against all bacteria with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration values (MIC) ranging from 0.15 to 2.5 µl. The extracts showed declined antibacterial activity. The scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies demonstrated potential detrimental effect of the essential oil on the morphology of tested bacteria. Antioxidant activity of all the samples was also determined and 20% activity was observed in essential oil. Collagenase inhibitory potential was upto 25% and 30% in aqueous and methanol extracts respectively while upto 35% in essential oil. None of the samples showed urease inhibitory activity. The chemical composition of hydrodistilled essential oil of C. zeylanicum was also analysed by GC-MS. A total of 13 compounds representing 100% of the oil were identified. Therefore, due to different chemical components present in the cinnamon essential oil, further investigation concerned with studied activities of this essential oil to replace the medicines or as supplement in diseases, is recommended
Antioxidant activity of free and bound phenolics in Curcuma longa
No full textThe antioxidant activity of free and bound phenolics of turmeric (Curcuma longa) extract prepared by treating with enzyme and without enzyme was analyzed. The enzyme assisted extraction of Curcuma longa showed higher levels of antioxidant activity as evaluated by both free radical scavenging compared to that of non enzyme extracts. Higher level of antioxidant activity in C. longa has been attributed to the phenolic content in them. The free and bound phenolics of enzyme treated extract of C. longa showed high content of phenolic compounds (31.0 and 1.3 mg/g) compared to that of non enzymatic extract (28.8 and 3.5 mg/g). Our studies clearly suggest the presence of potent antioxidants in C. longa
Lipid peroxidation inhibition by ethanolic extract and fractions from Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens (Reissek) M.C. Johnst. (Rhamnaceae)
No full textRhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens is a species native to Brazil, found in the southern region, and still there is no data in the literature about biological activities of this plant. Therefore, the aims of this study were to verify the antioxidant activity and determine the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation of crude ethanolic extract and it fractions hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate of the stem. The total antioxidant activity was evaluated by phosphomolybdenum complex method. And the ability to inhibit lipid peroxidation was evaluated, in vitro and in vivo experiments, by quantification of thiobarbituric acid reactive species formed from peroxidation induced. The in vitro test about lipoperoxidation, were used lipids obtained from egg yolk. And, for in vivo assay, the peroxidation was determined only for crude extract, using stomachs of female rats injured by administration of absolute ethanol. The samples of Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens demonstrated an important antioxidant capacity. In the phosphomolybdenum complex method, the chloroform fraction (86.4%) and ethyl acetate fraction (96.2%) showed the best activity than crude extract. For the in vitro induced lipid peroxidation, the chloroform (63.3%) and hexane (59.7%) fractions demonstrated high capacity in prevention of lipid oxidation. The crude extract showed effectiveness in both methods, and was used in the verification of inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vivo. In this test, the lesser dose tested, 20 mg/Kg, showed better effectiveness in inhibiting lipid oxidation, with reduction of 56.9%. Furthermore, was possible identify the stigmasterol and sitosterol as compounds of this plant. Rhamnus sphaerosperma var. pubescens stem possess potential antioxidant activity, reducing lipid peroxidation tested by in vitro and in vivo methods
Evaluation of herbal ointment formulated with Wrightia tinctoria (ROXB) R. BR. leaves for efficacy of wound healing.
No full textThe objective in wound management is to heal the wound in the shortest time possible, without infection and fast wound closure. This investigation is to check the rationale behind the traditional use of leaves of Wrightia tinctoria by evaluating the wound healing property of formulated ointment containing Wrightia tinctoria which may facilitate in vivo quantification of skin curative property of the ointment. Controlled wound healing efficacy studies were done on Guinea pig model with incision and excision wounds. Suitable ointment base was selected by Preformulation studies. The ointment was prepared by melt pour and mixing technique with incorporation of Wrightia tinctoria extract in coconut oil. The wound healing effects of the formulations were compared to that of 0.2% w/w nitrofurazone ointment. A better healing pattern with complete wound closure was observed with the treated groups in contrast to the control group. The total epithelization period was 14 days (allopathic control and Wrightia tinctoria ointment) with 19 days for ointment base. The wound contraction to 50% took 6.3 days (allopathic control), 6.5 days (Wrightia tinctoria ointment), against 12.7 days for ointment base. The tensile strength of the test was almost the same as standard ointment. Increased wound breaking strength indicates increase in collagen strength and obviously facilitating wound healing, thus proving that Wrightia tinctoria ointment could be used for wound healing as a safe alternative to synthetic drug ointments
Somatic chromosomal studies in Ocimum basilicum & Ocimum sanctum L.
No full textThe study of chromosomal number is a parameter commonly used to characterize cytological of a species, and may have implications for cultivar identification. The present study aimed to determining the chromosome number of Ocimum sanctum and Ocimum basilicum L. The survey conducted in the cytogenetic laboratory, department of genetics and plant breeding, CCS University, Meerut. We used seeds of four accessions of Ocimum, obtained from NBPGR, New Delhi were used in the present study. Accessions IC-436153 and EC-338575 are of Basilicum group, while Accessions IC-344638 and IC-344681 belong to Sanctum group. We used seeds of Ocimum basilicum and Ocimum sanctum. After 24 hrs of germination, radical tips were collected and immersed in saturated solution of para-dichlorobenzene (PDB) for about 3h. The material was fixed in freshly prepared Farmer’s fluid ( 3 parts absolute alcohol: 1 part glacial acetic acid) solution for 24 h. After fixation, the material was transferred to 70% alcohol and stored in a refrigerator for long time preservation, until studied cytologically. Microphotographs were taken by digital camera at the magnification 1000X and karyotypes were generated with the computer-based programmers’- Adobe Photoshop, AutoCAD and Microsoft programmer. The measurements of the chromosomes were made with the help of Erma Tokyo objective micrometer. Chromosome measurements were made on – length of each arm, total chromosome length and the position of secondary constriction, F%, DI and TF%. The number of chromosome found for the species Ocimum basilicum was 2n =48 and Ocimum sanctum was 2n =32. The study of chromosome assumes the role as a restriction commonly used in cytological characterization of the species, and may also have implication for cultivars identification
Antioxidative and antiproliferative activities of isolated compounds from Prunus domestica: an in vitro study
No full textIn this investigation the antioxidant as well as antiproliferative activities of different isolated compounds from ethyl acetate fraction of Prunus domestica (peel + flesh) were studied in two human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468. Free radical scavengering as done with 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) study indicated different degrees of antioxidative activity of the isolated compounds such as chlorogenic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid and rutin. However maximum antioxidative activity was observed in chlorogenic acid with IC50 of 0.115 mg/ml. With respect to antiproliferative potential, chlorogenic acid also exhibited the maximum antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 and protocatechuic acid on MDA-MB-468 human breast cancer cell lines. This appears to be the first report that provides a comparative account on the antioxidant and antiproliferative property of some isolated active compounds of the Indian variety of fruit, Prunus domestica
The characterization and anti-osteoporotic activity of Sappan Lignum (Caesalpinia sappan L.) extracts
No full textThe standardization and characterization of medicinal plants is important for establishing the scientific basis for the therapeutic effects of a traditional medicine. Sappan Lignum (Caesalpinia sappan L.) is a plant that is commonly used as a traditional medicine in Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, it is used to treat dysentery, hemoptysis, and ophthalmic diseases and as a depurative; the Buginese tribe add it to daily drinking water to prevent and treat osteoporosis. This study aimed to characterize the Caesalpinia sappan heartwood extracts and to evaluate the anti-osteoporosis activity of the characterized extracts to provide evidence for the efficacy of this traditional medicinal plant. The characterization was performed by chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods after treating the Sappan Lignum with n-hexane, methanol and 70% ethanol. Numerous high intensity peaks were detected on the spectrum from the methanol extract, indicating that the secondary metabolites of this plant were more soluble in methanol than in ethanol and n-hexane. The anti-osteoporosis activity was determined by evaluating the ability of the extracts to stimulate the proliferation of osteoblasts that were isolated from neonatal mouse calvaria and to inhibit the formation of osteoclast-like cells, which are responsible for bone absorption and resorption. The data revealed that all the extracts increased the proliferation of osteoblasts and inhibited the formation of osteoclast-like cells. In the osteoblasts, the ethanol extract was 64% more active than the untreated control and the other extracts at 100 µg/ml (0.01%). Compared with calcitonin, which was the positive control (2 U/ml), the extracts weakly inhibited the formation of osteoclast-like cells. Among the extracts, the ethanol extract most robustly stimulated the osteoblasts and inhibited the formation of osteoclast-like cells, suggesting that it has potential as a candidate anti-osteoporosis agent