International Journal of Phytomedicine
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Diabetes and Phytomedicine
No full textHerbalism is the use of plants for medicinal purposes. The use of plants as medicines dates as far back as the origin of humankind. Plants have been the basis for medical treatments through much of human history, and such traditional medicine is still widely practiced today. Natural products from plant, animal and minerals have been the basis of the treatment of human disease. Today about 80 % of people in developing countries still rely on traditional medicine, based largely on species of plants and animals, for their primary health care. In recent years, there has been growing interest in alternative therapies and the therapeutic use of natural products, especially those derived from plant
Chemical constituent, antibacterial and antioxidant activity of crude extract and oil fraction of L. abyssinica
No full textThe antibacterial and antioxidant activities of CH3Cl/MeOH crude extract and a nonpolar fraction from the CHCl3 phase of Ludwigia abyssinica were investigated using broth dilution method and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay respectively. Chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry using Agilent Technologies 7890A GC system-Agilent Technologies 5975C inert XL EI/CI MSD. Bioassays show that L. abyssinica is active on the different test organisms with the MIC ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 mg/ml for the crude extract and 0.2 to 0.5 mg/ml for the non polar oil fraction. The oil extract of L. abyssinica exhibited a good antioxidant activity with radical scavenging activity (IC50) = 89.18 µg/ml which is about 1.5 times the antioxidant activity of ascorbic acid used as control, while that of crude extract was 413.74 µg/ml. From the gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analyses, 12 hydrocarbons were identified with octadecane (5.67%), pentadecane (6.87%) and squalene (57.18%) the major components. These results offer a plat form of using L. abyssinica for alternative and complementary medicine
Antifungal activity of Cassia fistula Linn. against some pathogenic fungi
No full textAntifungal activity of number of phytochemicals has been reported. In the present study, aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of Cassia fistula has been investigated for antifungal activity against some pathogenic fungal strains viz. Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum and Aspergillus niger using the standard disc diffusion method. Methanolic extract had shown the maximum activity (13mm) against A. niger. Extracts showed a concentration dependent antifungal activity, with higher concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/ml showing greater zones of inhibition than with lower concentrations. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) ranged from 0.78 to 3.12 mg/ml. The in vitro findings justify the use of Cassia fistula in traditional medicine practice for the treatment of some fungal infections. However, study on the toxicity of the crude extracts and the compounds isolated from this plant should be assessed to ensure their eligibility to be used as sources of modern medicines
Phytochemical screening, quantitative analysis and antioxidant activity of Lifago dielsii Schweinj. & Muschl. (Asteraceae)
No full textThis study is designed to assess the phytochemical screening of Lifago dielsii Schweinj. & Muschl., endemic species localized in the South of Algeria, and to evaluate their potential antioxidant properties using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH°) radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition (LPO; Fe2+/ascorbic acid system) assays. The phytochemical screening of the aerial parts of L. dielsii revealed the presence of triterpenoids, saponins, alkaloids, coumarins, flavonoids and tannins. Three fractions [chloroform (CHCl3), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH)] obtained from aqueous-MeOH extraction and the insoluble methanol (MeOH) part in water, were subjected to a quantitative determination of polyphenols and flavonoids. The antioxidant properties of all extracts were evaluated. The EtOAc fraction had the highest amount of total phenolic contents (TPC) compared to MeOH and n-BuOH) fractions whereas CHCl3 fraction showed the lowest level. The n-BuOH fraction was richer in total flavonoids content (TFC) (88.81%) compared to EtOAc (37.76%) and MeOH extract (37.88%). The CHCl3 fraction exhibited the weakest content of TFC (18.82%). The antioxidant activity revealed that the EtOAc extract seems to have the most powerful effect on the DPPH° scavenging effect (IC50=47.80 ± 2.20 µg/ml) and on LPO inhibition (IC50=113.24±0.65µg/ml). These results showed that L. dielsii would be suggested as a promising alternative source of the natural anti-oxidative phenolic compounds
Determination of cellular protection and leukemic cell inhibition by herbal extracts in cow urine.
No full textCow urine is used as a therapeutic agent and a most valuable secretion of animal origin and herbs have been used as a antioxidant and chemotherapeutic agents,therefore we evaluated the cell protective and cell inhibitory activity of different herbs/spices which was prepared in cow urine( in order to enhance the activity) by MTT assay, and performed the above assay in blood cancer cells viz.ALL, AML, CML type of cancers.The results suggest that revealed that the drugs tested Ajwain, garlic, Dhania, Satavar, and Guduchi prepared in cow urine showed significant antioxidant activity or cell proliferative activity whereas, the extracts such as Dalchini, evaporated cow urine showed an excellent cell inhibition activity in all the three types of cancers viz. ALL, AML and CML. Kalmegha is showing cell inhibitory property for ALL cells but not for AML and CML cells, similarly Garlic showed cell inhibition property for AML but not for ALL and CML cells
Isolation of 12 Bacterial endophytes from some mangrove plants and determination of, antimicrobial properties of the isolates and the plant extracts
No full textThe mangrove designates a highly productive ecosystem with important economic and environmental functions. Endophytes are microorganisms that live in the intercellular spaces of plant tissue. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacterial endophytes from five mangrove plants and to determine, antimicrobial properties of the isolates and the plant extracts against four pathogenic bacteria: Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium using the deferred antagonism and the microdilution assays. Of the total 33 endophytic bacteria isolated, 18 strains showed antagonistic effects. Twelve of these inhibitors were identified using VITEK 2. Crude protein from each of the producer strains were precipitated and tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against the pathogenic bacteria using the microdilution assay. Best activities were recorded for Staphylococcus intermedius and Bacillus licheniformis (19 µl/ml) against B. cereus. The S. intermedius also inhibited growth of both S. aureus and S. typhimurium (39 µl/ml). Staphylococcus lentus, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus coagulans possessed activities against S.typhimurium with an MIC value of 78 µg/ml. For the plant extract, the lowest MIC value (9.7 µg/ml) was obtained by Aviecenna lanata and Sonneratia caseolaris against B.cereus. S.caseolaris also showed significant inhibitory effects against E.coli and S.typhimurium (19.5 µg/ml). Our results indicated the potentiality of the isolated bacterial endophytes as a producer of antimicrobial substances which could be developed for various applications. MIC values obtained for the plant extracts in this study showed the effective plant part and extracts to be further developed and profiled as antimicrobial agents
In vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, haemolytic, thrombolytic activities and phytochemical analysis of Cipadessa bacifera leaves extracts
No full textObjective: To study the leaves of Cipadessa bacifera for their antimicrobial, antioxidant, haemolytic, thrombolytic activities and to perform phytochemical evaluation. Methods: The three extracts (methanol, cyclohexane, chloroform) of Cipadessa bacifera were screened for antimicrobial activity against eight pathogenic microorganisms by well diffusion method. In vitro antioxidant activity of extract was studied using hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging assay. The haemolytic activity was determined using agar diffusion techniques on blood agar plate, thrombolytic activity by clot disruption and phytochemical potential by qualitative analysis. Results: Among the different extracts tested, the methanol extract of leaves showed significant antimicrobial activities. The most susceptible micro-organisms were found to be Gram negative bacteria (Sphingomonas, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter), Gram positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis) and fungai (Candida albicans). H2O2 scavenging activity of Cipadessa bacifera was found to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. IC50 values of H2O2 scavenging activity was 100.92±0.41 µg/mL which was found in cyclohexane extract. The haemolytic activity was found to be higher in chloroform extract than methanol, cyclohexane and the methanol extract shows 14.63 % clot lytic whereas standard streptokinase shows 30.86 % clot lytic activity in thrombolytic assay. The phytochemical evaluation indicates the presence of chemical constituents. Conclusions: This study shows that the methanol and chloroform extract of leaves of Cipadessa bacifera has bioactivity but further compound isolation is necessary to confirm the activities of individual compound
The anti-adipogenic effect of vitexin is via ERK 1/2 MAPK signaling in 3T3-L1 adipocytes
No full textVitexin, identified as apigenin-8-C-D-glucopyranoside, a natural flavonoid compound found in certain herbs such as hawthorn herb. The aim of this study is to investigate the regulation of glycolysis underlying vitexin-induced anti-adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Vitexin inhibited adipose accumulation, glucose consumption and triglyceride synthesis. The expression of ERK 1/2 MAPK greatly induced, whereas the expression of adipogenic markers Akt and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) diminished. ERK 1/2 MAPK inhibitor PD98059 (10 μM) significantly enhanced lipid accumulation, triglyceride synthesis and the expression of adipogenic markers. However, PD98059 had no effect on glucose consumption. In regulation of glycolysis, vitexin induced the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) at higher dosage (50 and 100 μM) and without any effect on glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) expression. PD98059 had an opposing effect that it significantly increased the expression of G6PDH, but decreased the expression of GPDH. Vitexin increased the lactic acid synthesis to about 3.8 folds in concentration dependent, whereas, PD98059 decreased the level of lactic acid in media to about 72% when compared with controls. Moreover, PD98059 abolished the anti-adipogenic effect of vitexin. Vitexin influence the expansion of adipose tissue through its ability to inhibit preadipocyte migration to about 80% via decreased the activity of active MMP-2. We demonstrated evidences for the first time that using of vitexin to against adipose accumulation, at least in part, was regulation of glycolysis via activation of ERK 1/2 MAPK signaling. Moreover, blockade pentose phosphate pathway may be a novel strategy for obesity prevention and therapy
Meiotic Studies in Some Medicinal Angiosperms from Doaba Region of Punjab, India
No full textThe chromosome number and their behavior in 15 medicinal plant species collected from Doaba region of Punjab, India have been studied. The species have shown chromosome numbers like Basella rubra L. (n=22), Coccinia cordifolia Cogn. (n=12), Delphinium ajacis L. (n=8), Lens culinaris Medic. (n=7), Melilotus alba Desr. (n= 8), Nicotiana plumbaginifolia Viv. (n=10), Nymphoides cristata (Roxb.) Kuntze (n=9), Papaver rhoeas L. (n=7), Raphanus sativus L. (n=9), Sesamum indicum L (n=13), Tinospora cordifolia (Wild.) Hook.f.et Thoms. (n=13), Triticum aestivum L. (n=21), Vitex negundo L. (n=17), Xanthium strumarium L. (n=18) and Zea mays L. (n=10). Most of the species are diploid with normal course of meiosis. But meiotic abnormalities in the form of univalents, stickiness and presence of supernumerary B-chromosomes have also been observed in some species. All the species have some medicinal value. The chromosome counts in these species are in conformity with the earlier reports, but behavioral changes have been observed in some species. This shows the genetic stability and resistance of these species to various biotic and abiotic stresses
Phytochemical and Pharmacological potential of Amaranthus viridis L.:-A Review
No full textMedicinal plants are important in the traditional medicine and as well as modern pharmaceutical drugs. In traditional system of medicine various plant parts like leaves, flowers, stems, fruits, seeds, barks and even whole plants are used for the treatment. Traditionally the leaves, seeds, roots and entire plant of Amaranthus viridis Linn is used in the treatment of many diseases. Its uses include diuretic, analgesic, antipyretic, vermifuge, antiulcer antidiabetic, anti-cholesterolemic, laxative, asthma and veneral diseases. This review encompasses the available literature on Amaranthus viridis with respect to its pharmacognostic characters, physicochemical parameters, synopsis of pharmacological activities and traditional uses. This attempt provides a direction towards further research