International Journal of Phytomedicine
Not a member yet
664 research outputs found
Sort by
Evaluation of free radical scavenging activity of leaf of Hypericum mysorense Heyne
No full textHypericum is a well-known plant genus in herbal medicine. Hypericum mysorense is well known in folklore medicine for its varied therapeutic potential. The in vitro antioxidant activity of petroleum ether, benzene, ethyl acetate, methanol and ethanol extract of leaf of Hypericum mysorense have been tested using various antioxidant model systems viz; DPPH, hydroxyl, superoxide, ABTS and reducing power. The scavenging effect increases with the concentration of standard and samples. Among the solvent tested, ethanol extract exhibited highest DPPH (116.33% inhibition), hydroxyl (101.84%), superoxide (116.09%) and ABTS (119.22%) radical scavenger activity. Methanol extract of H.mysorense shows the highest reducing ability. The aim and purpose of this study is to show the significant free radical scavenging potential of H.mysorense leaf which can be experimented for the treatment of various free radical mediated ailment
The effect of troxerutin on alterations of lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in blood of rats with chronic diabetes
Full text linkBackground & Aims: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a progressive disease that leads to complex disorders such as biochemical changes in the blood. The use of medicinal plants are superior to synthetic drugs because of the few side-effects in disease prevention. In this study, we examined the effect of troxerutin on lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in the blood of type 1 diabetic rats. Materials & Methods: 32 male Wistar rats (200-250) were randomly divided into four groups: control, diabetes, control+ troxerutin, diabetes+ troxerutin. Type 1 diabetes was induced by i.p injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) in animals in diabetic groups. Lasted for 4 weeks, oral administration of troxerutin (150 mg/kg) was carried daily for 4 weeks. At the end of study, anesthesia was induced intraperitoneally with sodium pentobarbital (mg / kg 60). Blood samples was collected for measuring lipid profile and biochemical enzymes in blood of rats. Results: Diabete significantly increased LDL, COL, TG and significantly decreased HDL compared to the control group. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased LDL, COL, TG and significantly increased HDL.furthermore, Diabetes significantly increased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats. Treatment diabetic rats with troxerutin for 4 weeks significantly decreased ALT, AST, LDH, and CPK in blood of rats compared to the control group. Conclusion: Troxerutin improve the lipid profile and reduce biochemical enzymes in blood of diabetic rats.In this way could be useful in reducing the complications of diabetes
Comparative studies on antisickling properties of brown and green leaves of Carica papaya Linn. (Caricaceae)
No full textSickle Cell Disease (SCD) is characterised by non-covalent polymerisation of the haemoglobin under hypoxia conditions and this promotes red blood cell sickling. Inhibition of sickle cell haemoglobin polymerization is one of the areas of focus in the management of SCD. Dried Carica papaya leaves are used in traditional herbal remedies for the management of sickle cell anaemia; without specifying if it is the dried green or brown leaf. This study was aimed at verifying the antisickling activity of the crude aqueous extract, crude methanol extract and fractions of dried brown and green leaves of Carica papaya. The method used was the sickle cell haemoglobin polymerization inhibition experiment measured with the Ultra Violet (UV) spectrophotometer. Sodium metabisulphite was used as a deoxygenating agent while isotonic saline (0.9% NaCl) was used as the negative control and phenylalanine as a positive control. The results obtained showed that crude aqueous extracts of both the green and brown leaves exhibited high level of inhibition of sickled haemoglobin (HbSS) polymerization at 200 mg/ml (97.76% and 93.25% ), 100 mg/ml (95.89% and 97.93%) also, 50 mg/ml (97.89% and 95.84%) respectively which compared favourably and significantly (p<0.05) with that of phenylalanine. The summary of the antisickling activity of the crude extracts and fractions of both the green leaves and brown leaves of C. papaya is Crude aqueous>Crude aqueous methanol> Butanol>Chloroform>Ethyl acetate>Aqueous. This study showed that the extracts exhibited the potential of inhibiting polymerization of sickle cell haemoglobin thus would be beneficial in the management of sickle cell disease
Protective role of Bacopa monnieri against Rotenone- induced Parkinson’s disease in PC 12 cell lines
No full textParkinson disease (PD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra, decreased striatal dopamine (DA) levels, and consequent extrapyramidal motor dysfunction. PC 12 cells originate from pheochromocytoma cells of rat adrenal medulla and share many common characteristics with substantia nigra cells. They produce DA, several growth factors, such as nerve growth factor, fibroblast growth factor and transforming growth factor, and express DA receptors. Hence, these cells are being used to study the alterations in dopaminergic neurons, in vitro, that occur during Parkinson’s disease. Since long term usage of antiparkinsonian drugs cause high incidence of pharmacoresistence and untoward side effects, attention has been paid in recent years to screen bioactive compounds from natural medicinal plants for treatment of several neurological disorders including Parkinson’s disease. Keeping in view of relative importance of natural medicinal plants, the present study is mainly focused to characterize the anti-parkinsonian effect of Bacopa monnieri (BM), an Indian herb which is being extensively used in Ayurveda treatments related to neurological complications. The present study was designed to assess the neurotoxicity of rotenone on DA-producing PC12 cells and explore the possible antiparkinsonian effect of BM in comparing with Levodopa (LD) (Reference control). The survivability studies of PC 12 cell-lines were analysed using MTT assay. Pre-treatment with BM extract significantly ameliorated morphological damage, cell viability, and apoptosis of PC12 cells exposed to RT. Hence BM extract can be effectively used in the treatment of PD and other related neurological disorders
Hibiscus noldea (Malvaceae) Aqueous Extract Prevents Insulin Resistance and Protects Pancreatic Islets From Dexamethasone Damages in Rat.
No full textHibiscus noldea leaves-stems aqueous extract is used in Cameroonian traditional medecine to manage diabetes. To investigate the preventive effect of Hibiscus noldea aqueous extract on dexamethasone-induced insulin resistance, the animals received one of the following treatments: distilled water (10 mL/kg), metformine (200 mg/kg), or H. noldea (100 or 200 mg/kg) concomitantly with dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg, ip) for ten days. Body weight was evaluated daily and blood glucose levels were measured. At the end of experiment, insulin sensitivity test was performed and lipid profile, transaminases Aspartate amino transferase, Alanin amino transferase, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and reduced glutathione were evaluated. Histological analysis of the liver was investigated to estimate glycogen content using Periodic Acid Schiff coloration and histomorphometry of pancreatic islets area was performed. The administration of dexamethasone during ten days induced body weight loss, hyperglycaemia, insulinresistance, an imbalance in lipid profile, an increase in transaminases and oxidative stress. Dexamethasone treatment also induced an increase in the pancreatic islets area and depletion in the levels of hepatic glycogen. Concomitant administration of dexamethasone and the aqueous plant extract prevented the rise in blood glucose levels, reduced insulinresistance, improved lipid profile and oxidative status. The aqueous extract of H. noldea prevented the use of glycogen storage and the increase in pancreatic islet area in dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The stem leaves aqueous extract from Hibiscus noldea have the ability to reduce insulinresistance via its antihyperglycaemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities. These results justify the use of this extract in the management of diabetic state
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of Yograj Guggul: an in vitro study
No full textYograj Guggul (YG) is a poly-herbal formulation extensively used by Ayurvedic practitioners to treat inflammatory conditions. However there are no reports evaluating its effect on the various enzymes involved in the inflammatory pathway. Hence the present was carried out to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of YG, on inhibition of Cyclooxygenase (COX) - 1 & 2 and 5-Lipoxygenase (LOX) enzymes in vitro. Three concentrations (25, 50 and 100µg/ml) of the aqueous extract of YG were studied on the inhibition of COX 1 & 2 and 5-LOX enzymes by Enzyme Immuno Assay (EIA). Aspirin was used as a positive control at concentration corresponding to its anti-inflammatory human dose (100µg/ml).YG exhibited maximum inhibition of both COX-1 &COX-2 enzymes at 100µg/ml that was comparable to aspirin. Interestingly, YG showed a dose dependent increase in percentage inhibition of 5-LOX enzyme with maximum effect at 100µg/ml which was significantly higher than that exhibited by aspirin. YG inhibits both COX enzymes indicating its potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. The 5-LOX inhibitory activity exhibited by YG provides a lead to explore its role further as a dual inhibitor of COX/5-LOX pathways and also to investigate its role to treat inflammatory respiratory disorders
Cardioprotective Potential of Methanol Extract of Polygonum glabrum on Isoproterenol Induced Myocardial Necrosis in Rats
No full textAim: The aim of present study was to evaluate the cardioprotective efficacy of Polygonum glabrum on isoproterenol induced myocardial necrosis in rats. Methods: Experimental rats were treated orally with methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum at two doses (200 mg and 400 mg/kg) for 30 days. Isoproterenol (85 mg/kg, s.c.) was administered on 29th and 30th day to induce myocardial necrosis. At the end of the experiment, serum cardiac marker enzymes [creatine kinase muscle brain (CK-MB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT)], serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT) and total protein (TP) were estimated. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) levels were also recorded. Further, antioxidant parameters viz catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GRD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were evaluated in heart tissue homogenate. Results: The results of the study indicated that, methanol extract of Polygonum glabrum showed greater cardioprotection by restoring the cardiac marker enzymes and attenuated the level of plasma lipid profiles along with an increase in HDL. Additionally, level of myocardial antioxidants significantly increased along with a reduction in the content of malondialdehyde. The cardioprotective effect was compared with propranolol (10 mg/kg, oral) which was used as the standard. Histopathological findings revealed a decrease in the degree of necrosis and inflammation following pretreatment with Polygonum glabrum. Conclusion: The present investigation indicates that Polygonum glabrum could protect myocardium from isoproterenol induced necrosis
Biological activities and phytochemical screening of Elaeodendron croceum (Thunb.) DC. Leaves and Stem barks Extracts
No full textBackground: From reports Elaeodendron croceum has been used traditionally for spiritual cleansing, anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory and for the management of diabetes. The leaves and bark extracts were therefore analyzed for its biological activities. Materials and methods: The antibacterial activities of E. croceum leaves and stem barks were evaluated against both Gram positive and gram negative bacteria using agar well diffusion method. The analysis for the phytochemical contents, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the leaves and barks were determined using standard procedures. Results: The S. aureus, S. flexneri, E. faecalis and S. typhimurium were susceptible to the aqueous leaves and stem barks extracts of Elaeodendron croceum while S. aureus was susceptible to only the aqueous leaf extract. The antibacterial activity showed MIC ranging from 0.625 – 2.5 mg/ml. The composition of flavonoids (52.72 mg/g), proanthocyanidins (32.66 mg/g), alkaloids (65.44 mg/g) and saponins (68.21 mg/g) were significantly higher in the aqueous leaf extract while phenols (94.13 mg/g) content was higher in the aqueous bark extract. The free radical scavenging activity using ABTS, FRAP and DPPH showed that the extracts possess good free radical scavenging activities with different free radical species that is comparable with ascorbic acid and also showed significant inhibitory activity on protein denaturation as an indication of anti-inflammatory potential. Conclusion: These findings support the folkloric usage of Elaeodendron croceum and indicates that it can be used to manage diseases caused by the tested organisms. The presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, total phenols and proanthocyanidins, previously suggested to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial activity indicate that E. croceum is a potential source of anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging and antimicrobial agents
Phytochemical analysis, Antimicrobial, insecticidal and antiradical activity of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken
Full text linkObjectives: The present study was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial, insecticidal and radical scavenging activity of leaf extract of Hydnocarpus pentandra (Buch.-Ham.) Oken belonging to the family Achariaceae. Methods: Extraction process of shade dried and powdered leaf was carried out by maceration technique. Extract was screened for phytochemicals by standard tests. Antibacterial and antifungal activity of leaf extract was determined by Agar well diffusion and Poisoned food technique respectively. Antiradical activity of leaf extract was evaluated by two in vitro assays namely 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis 3-ethylbenzothiazoline 6-sulfonate (ABTS) free radical scavenging assays. Insecticidal activity of leaf extract was determined against II instar and IV instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Results: Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, glycosides, triterpenes and steroids in the leaf extract. Leaf extract exhibited marked inhibitory activity against Gram positive bacteria when compared to Gram negative bacteria. Bacillus cereus (zone of inhibition 1.86±0.05cm) and Escherichia coli (zone of inhibition 1.06±0.05cm) were inhibited to highest and least extent respectively. Extract was effective in inhibiting mycelial growth of seed-borne fungi. Among fungi, the susceptibility to extract was in the order: Curvularia sp. (53.64% inhibition) > Fusarium sp. (45.81% inhibition) > Alternaria sp. (35.08% inhibition). The extract exhibited concentration dependent larvicidal activity with marked activity being observed against II instar larvae (LC50 value 0.79mg/ml) when compared to IV instar larvae (LC50 value 1.37mg/ml). Leaf extract scavenged DPPH and ABTS radicals dose dependently with an IC50 value of 13.91µg/ml and 6.03µg/ml respectively. Conclusions: The plant is shown to be an important source of bioactive agents. The observed bioactivities could be attributed to the phytochemicals present in the leaf extract. Further studies on characterization and bioactivity determination of isolated components from leaf extract are to be carried out
Antitesticular activities of different solvent fractions from hydro-methanol (2:3) extract of Cuminum cyminum in albino rat: A Comparative analysis
No full textCurrently available contraceptives are associated with adverse effects. So, search on safer agents in this purpose is one of the priority areas of WHO. Our previous study showed a significant antifertility effect of hydro-methanol extract of Cuminum cyminum Linn (Umbelliferae) in male albino rat. The main objective of this work isto search outthe potentfraction of hydro-methanol extract of seed of Cuminum cyminum in adult male albino rat for the development of herbal male contraceptive to reduce the bio-burden of phytomolecules. The n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the hydro-methanol (2:3) extract of seed of Cuminum cyminum were administrated orally to male rat. Results showed the maximum antitesticular activity of chloroform fraction (CH-Fr) than other fractions included here. Treatment with CH-Fr fraction resulted a significant inhibition in spermiological parameters, activities of testicular androgenic key enzymes and antioxidative enzymes, levels of serum testosterone and seminal vesicular fructose, number of different generations of germ cells at stage VII of spermatogenic cell cycle and seminiferous tubular diameter (STD) along with significant increase in the level of testicular cholesterol in respect to the control. Significant upward and downward expression in Bax and Bcl-2 gene of male germ cells were indicated which focussed the sperm apoptotic enhancer activities of the fraction. The findings indicated that among the said four different fractions, the chloroform fraction of the hydro-methanol extract of the seed of Cuminum cyminum had most effective antitesticular activity