SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i
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Dysfunction and Deviation in the Role of Foundation Organs in Indonesia
No full textFoundations, as non-profit legal entities, play a crucial role in supporting social, educational, religious, and humanitarian activities in Indonesia. However, in practice, many foundations still fail to carry out their organisational functions in accordance with applicable legal provisions. This study aims to analyse in depth the roles and tasks of trustees, Management, and Supervisors of foundations, as regulated in Law No. 28 of 2004, an amendment to Law No. 16 of 2001. It seeks to identify the causes of deviations and structural dysfunction in the management of foundations. This study employs a qualitative, juridical-normative, and empirical approach, utilising data collection techniques that include literature reviews and interviews with representatives from several foundations in Indonesia. The study\u27s results indicate that a gap remains between legal norms and their implementation in the field, particularly in areas such as abuse of authority, conflicts of interest, and inadequate internal supervision systems within foundations. This is due to a lack of understanding of the role of each organ and suboptimal supervision by the Trustees and Supervisors. Therefore, efforts are needed to strengthen institutional and regulatory capacity, as well as legal education for foundation actors, to improve the governance and accountability of foundations sustainably.Keywords: Foundation; Trustees; Management; Supervisor; Law No. 28 of 2004; Non-Profit; Governanc
Dissolution of Foundations Based on Law No. 28 of 2004: Legal Analysis and Practice in Indonesia
No full textFoundations as non-profit legal entities strategically support social, religious, and humanitarian activities in Indonesia. However, in practice, many foundations experience stagnation, deviations from their goals, or are misused, requiring dissolution. This study aims to analyse the legal provisions regarding the dissolution of foundations as stipulated in Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations, and to evaluate the practices and obstacles in their implementation in the field. The research method used is normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach. Data were reviewed through a literature study of relevant laws and regulations, jurisprudence, and previous research results related to the dissolution of foundations. The study results indicate that the dissolution of foundations is regulated normatively in Articles 62 to 71 of the Foundation Law, which include dissolution due to the expiration of the term, the objectives achieved, or based on a court decision. However, in practice, many foundations still do not carry out the dissolution process under legal provisions, including weak supervision, minimal understanding of the law by the management, and suboptimal reporting and liquidation mechanisms. In addition, there is no transparent and accountable system in managing the remaining assets of dissolved foundations.Keywords: Foundation; Dissolution; Foundation Law; Legal Entity; Liquidatio
Legal Review of Foundation Assets in Law No. 28 of 2004: Protection and Management of Foundation Assets
No full textA foundation is a non-profit legal entity with a strategic role in the social, educational, and humanitarian fields. The existence of foundation assets is the main backbone in ensuring the continuity of its activities. However, practices in the field show various problems such as misuse of assets, non-transparent management, and weak supervision and legal protection of these assets. This study aims to analyse the legal provisions in Law No. 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations, especially regarding asset protection and management, identify practices and challenges foundations face in managing their assets, and provide recommendations for improving relevant regulations and administration. This study uses a qualitative method with a normative and conceptual legal approach. Data sources were obtained from laws and regulations, legal literature, scientific journals, and case studies of foundation dissolution in Indonesia related to asset management. The analysis was carried out by reviewing the applicable legal provisions and reflecting them on factual practices in the field. The study results indicate that although Law No. 28 of 2004 has regulated the prohibition of profit sharing to foundation trustees, administrators, and supervisors, and stipulates provisions regarding the origin of assets and their use, there are still weaknesses in the implementation and supervision mechanisms. Several cases show irregularities by foundation administrators and weak legal protection for donors and beneficiaries. Therefore, there is a need for strengthening regulations, increasing transparency, and more effective supervision from the Ministry of Law and Human Rights and professional third parties. This study is expected to be an academic and practical contribution in improving the governance of foundation assets in Indonesia.Keywords: Foundation Assets; Protection; Managemen
Pengaruh Rasio Modal Kerja, Debt Equity Ratio, dan Total Asset Turnover Ratio terhadap Profitabilitas pada Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2020-2022
Full text linkThis study aims to determine the effect of Working Capital, Total Asset turnover, and Debt Equity Ratio on the Profitability of food companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2018-2020. Profitability in this study uses the ROA ratio. This research uses a quantitative method. The sampling used is purposive. Thus, the conclusion is to look for the influence of Working Capital, DER, and TATO, together (simultaneously) on profitability in food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. This research uses data obtained from the financial reports of each company during the period set in 2020-2022.Keywords: Working Capital, Debt Equity Ratio (DER), and Total Asset Turn Over (TATO), Profitability, food and beverage industry, Indonesia Stock Exchange Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Modal Kerja, Total Asset Turn Over, dan Debt Equity Ratio terhadap Profitabilitas pada perusahaan makanan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020-2022. Profitabilitas dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rasio ROA. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kuantitatif. Pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah Purposive Sampling. Dengan demikian kesimpulannya adalah mencari pengaruh Modal Kerja, DER, dan TATO, secara bersama-sama (simultan) terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan makanan dan minuman yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020-2022. Penelitian ini menggunakan data yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan masing-masing perusahaan selama periode yang ditetapkan tahun 2020-2022.Kata Kunci: Modal Kerja, Debt Equity Ratio, Total Asset Turn Over, Return On Asset (ROA), industry makanan dan minuman, Bursa Efek Indonesi
The Relevance of Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations in the Development of Educational and Social Institutions in Indonesia
No full textFoundations have a strategic role in organising educational services and social activities in Indonesia. As a non-profit entity, foundations are expected to contribute to community development through professional and sustainable management of academic and social institutions. However, in practice, there are still many deviations in the management of foundations, especially related to governance, financial transparency, and asset protection. This study aims to analyse the relevance of Law Number 28 of 2004 concerning Foundations in supporting the development of educational and social institutions in Indonesia, with a focus on legal provisions, implementation in the field, and implementation challenges. This study uses a qualitative method with a legislative and conceptual approach. Data were collected through document studies of laws and regulations, scientific journals, and case studies of relevant educational and social foundations. The analysis was carried out descriptively-analystically to identify the effectiveness of the regulation and its suitability to the community\u27s actual needs. The study results indicate that Law No. 28 of 2004 has provided a relatively solid legal framework in regulating the organisational structure of foundations, non-profit principles, and restrictions on conflicts of interest. However, there are still weaknesses in the implementation aspect, such as the lack of understanding of foundation administrators regarding legal obligations and weak oversight mechanisms. Therefore, it is necessary to revise several legal norms to be more responsive to educational and social needs, improve legal education for foundation managers, and strengthen the role of guidance by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights.Keywords: Foundation; Law No. 28 of 2004; education; social activities; governance
Konsep Salam Lintas Agama Dalam Prespektif Sosial dan Agama Berdasarkan Pemikiran Buya Yahya Cirebon
Full text linkThis study aims to analyze and describe interfaith greetings from a social point of view and a religious point of view which is specifically based on the opinion of Buya Yahya. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The research sources consist of 2 sources, namely primary research sources taken from various videos and existing news articles and reinforced by secondary sources, namely from various literatures that support primary data. The results of this study show that this cross greeting is a form of practicing the 3rd Pancasila, namely the unity of Indonesia, because Indonesia is a pluralistic country. Interfaith greetings when viewed from a social perspective have positive values for state life, especially in Indonesia. But if viewed from a religious perspective, Buya Yahya gave several explanations, using greetings assalamualaikum wal hidayah, in saying greetings one must know the meanings contained in these various greetings because there are greetings that contain shirk. Buya Yahya also suggested that it is better to replace the interfaith greetings with traditional greetings from the people around the greeting speakers, namely sugeng enjing, sugeng dalu, etc.Keywords: Greetings; Interfaith; Social; Religion AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis serta mendeskripsikan salam lintas agama dengan sudut pandang sosial dan sudut pandang agama yang dikhususkan dengan pendapat buya yahya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Sumber penelitian terdiri dari 2 sumber, yaitu sumber penelitian primer yang diambil dari berbagai video serta artikel berita yang ada dan diperkuat oleh sumber sekunder yaitu dari berbagai liratur yang mendukung data primer. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa salam lintas ini merupakan salahsatu bentuk pengamalan Pancasila ke 3, yaitu persatuan Indonesia, karena Indonesia merupakan negara prularisme. Salam lintas agama jika ditinjau dari prespektif sosial mempunyai nilai positif bagi kehidupan bernegara khususnya di Indonesia. Tetapi jika dilihat dari prespektif agama, buya yahya memberikan beberapa penjelasan, menggunakan salam assalamualaikum wal hidayah, dalam mengucapkan salam harus mengetahui makna yang terkandung dalam berbagai salam tersebut karena ada salam yang mengandung kesyirikan. Buya yahya juga menyarankan bahwa lebih baik mengganti pengucapan salam lintas agama dengan salam tradisi masyarakat yang ada disekitar pengucap salam berbicara, yaitu sugeng enjing, sugeng dalu, dllKata Kunci: Salam Lintas; Agama; Sosial; Agam
Jaringan Sosial-Komunikasi Petani Pada Distribusi Produk Hasil Bumi Desa Jatisura Indramayu
Full text linkJatisura Village has very strong agricultural and plantation potential and has adequate Natural Resources to be planted with various crops and produce promising agribusiness prospects. However, this indicates the constraints of an inadequate communication network between farmers and sellers of crops because the hierarchical network of rice, fruit and vegetable trade is too complex. Through the analysis of the communication network here with a qualitative approach, it was found that the connection between farmers and other farmers and also the relationship with middlemen, of course, farmers must be members of the Association of Farmer Groups (GAPOKTAN) and also between farmer group agents have a communication network that is so dense and provides positive measurements so that communication attachments between farmer group agents are always established and mutual communication occurs. The existence of middlemen becomes dependent on farmers so that this expands the distribution of the trade network of crops from Jatisura Village.Keywords: Communication Network, Jatisura Village, Agriculture Abstract Desa jatisura memiliki potensi pertanian dan perkebunan yang sangat kuat serta memiliki Sumber Daya Alam yang memadai untuk bisa ditanami berbagai macam tanaman serta menghasilkan prospek agrobisnis yang menjanjikan. Namun hal tersebut terindikasi kendala adanya jaringan komunikasi yang kurang memadai antara petani dan penjual hasil Bumi lantaran jaringan hierarki perdagangan beras, buah dan sayuran terlalu kompleks. Melalui analisis jaringan komunikasi disini dengan pendekatan kualitatif ditemukan bahwa keterhubungan petani dengan petani lain dan juga hubungan dengan tengkulak tentu para petani harus tergabung dengan Gabungan Kelompok Tani (GAPOKTAN) dan juga antar agen kelompok tani memiliki jaringan komunikasi yang begitu padat dan memberikan pengukuran yang positif sehingga keterikatan komunikasi antara agen kelomok tani selalu terjalin dan terjadinya komunikasi timbalik balik. Keberadaan para tengkulak menjadi ketergantungan bagi para petani sehingga hal ini yang memperluas distribusi jaringan perdagangan hasil bumi dari Desa Jatisura.Keywords: Jaringan Komunikasi, Desa Jatisura, Pertanian
Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang di Sektor Perikanan dalam Perspektif Konvensi ILO
Full text linkThe issue of efforts to ratify ILO Convention No. 188 has become hot after the case of slavery, the criminal act of trafficking in persons on board the Long Xing 629 with the flag of the People\u27s Republic of China which involved Indonesian workers. This workforce is exploited and enslaved, not in line with international legal instruments, one of which is the ILO Convention No. 188 and undermines labor rights. The results of this study indicate that the Government of the Republic of Indonesia has not ratified the ILO Convention Number 188 of 2007, although it is specific in terms of protection and standards of decent working conditions for workers on fishing vessels. Legal protection for workers on foreign fishing vessels so far has only used Law No. 18 of 2017 on the Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers and has not adopted a more complete legal instrument. The case that occurred on board the Long Xing 629 ship is included in the category of violations of ILO Convention No. 188 of 2007 due to the dualism of Permits for Implementing the Placement of Indonesian Migrant Workers and the lack of transparency and government oversight in the protection of ship crew. As a result, the crew members do not know about legal companies that have permits, resulting in cases of exploitation at work and violations of law and human rights against crew members.Keywords: Crime; Trafficking in Persons; Fisheries; ILO AbstrakIsu upaya meratifikasi Konvensi ILO Nomor 188 telah hangat usai terjadinya kasus perbudakan tindak pidana perdagangan orang anak buah kapal Kapal Long Xing 629 berbendera Republik Rakyat Tiongkok yang melibatkan tenaga kerja Indonesia. Tenaga kerja tersebut dieksploitasi dan di perbudak tidak sejalan dengan instrumen Hukum Internasional yang salah satunya Konvensi ILO Nomor 188 serta merongrong Hak-hak tenaga kerja. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa Konvensi ILO No. 188 Tahun 2007 belum diratifikasi oleh Pemerintah Indonesia walaupun spesifik dalam perlindungan dan standar syarat kerja yang layak untuk para pekerja di kapal pencari ikan. Perlindungan hukum bagi pekerja di kapal asing pencari ikan sejauh ini hanya menggunakan instrumen UU No. 18 Tahun 2017 tentang Perlindungan Pekerja Migran Indonesia dan belum mengadopsi instrumen hukum yang lebih lengkap. Kasus yang terjadi dalam Kapal Long Xing 629 masuk dalam kategori pelanggaran Konvensi ILO No. 188 tahun 2007 yang disebabkan dualisme Perijinan Pelaksana Penempatan Pekerja Migran Indonesia serta minimnya transparansi dan pengawasan pemerintah dalam perlindungan anak buah kapal. Akibatnya ABK tidak mengetahui perusahaan legal yang mengantongi perijinan, sehingga terjadi kasus eksploitasi dalam bekerja serta pelanggaran hukum dan HAM.Kata Kunci: Tindak Pidana; Perdagangan Orang; Perikanan; IL
Urgensi Lembaga Hisbah Dalam Melakukan Tugas Pengawasan Terhadap Produk Halal
Full text linkAbstractThis research is motivated by the free market of the Asean Economic Community (AEC), many products circulating in Indonesia do not only come from within the country, but also many products that will enter from MEA member countries themselves. So there is concern about the halalness of these products. The purpose of this study was to determine the urgency of hisbah institutions in the Indonesian constitutional system and to determine the function and role of hisbah institutions in guaranteeing halal products in Indonesia. The approach method used in this study is the approach of laws, regulations, and related books. The type of research conducted by the author includes the type of qualitative research. The data analysis method used in this study is a qualitative analysis method. The results of the research state that the function and role of the hisbah institution in the constitutional system in Indonesia has strong and strategic legal power, so it is very necessary. The hisbah institutions include the POM Agency, LPPOM MUI, and the Ministry of Religion. BPJPH has supervised products labeled halal by carrying out unannounced inspections every six months while in the market it depends on the level of risk of the product, low and moderate 2x (twice) a year at least while high ones every 3 (three) months.Keywords: Urgency; Hisbah Institution; Supervision; Halal Products AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi adanya pasar bebas Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean (MEA), banyak produk-produk yang beredar di Indonesia tidak hanya berasal dari dalam negeri saja, melainkan juga banyak produk yang akan masuk dari negara anggota MEA sendiri. Sehingga muncul kekhawatiran terhadap kehalalan dari produk-produk tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui urgensi lembaga hisbah dalam sistem ketatanegaraan indonesia dan untuk mengetahui fungsi dan peran lembaga hisbah dalam menjamin produk halal di indonesia. Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan undang-undang, peraturan-peraturan, dan buku-buku yang terkait. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan penulis termasuk jenis penelitian kualitatif. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian menyatakan bahwa fungsi dan peran lembaga hisbah dalam sistem ketatanegaraan di Indonesia memiliki kekuatan hukum yang kuat dan strategis, sehingga sangat diperlukan. Adapun lembaga-lembaga hisbah tersebut antara lain Badan POM, LPPOM MUI, dan Departemen Agama. BPJPH sudah melakukan pengawasan terhadap produk berlabel halal dengan melakukan inspeksi mendadak enam bulan sekali sedangkan di pasaran tergantung tingkat resiko produknya, yang rendah dan sedang setahun 2x (dua kali) minimal sedangkan yang tinggi per 3 (tiga) bulan.Kata Kunci: Urgensi, Lembaga Hisbah, Pengawasan, Produk Halal
Perceraian Akibat Orang Ketiga dalam Perspektif Hukum Positif dan Hukum Islam
Full text linkThe phenomenon of family disunity that has been happening lately seems to have become a culture. This can be seen from the rise of adultery, divorce and marriage, then the increase in the number of street children seems to show negative symptoms in the community environment. The purpose of this study is to find out how divorce is due to a third person in a positive law perspective in the South Jakarta Religious Court and to find out how divorce is due to a third person in the Perspective of Islamic Law in the South Jakarta Religious Court. This research method is a qualitative research with a legal concept analysis approach. The results of the study show that: Divorce due to a third person in a positive legal perspective at the South Jakarta Religious Court in 2022 is regulated in Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage. Divorce in the view of Islam is not something that is prohibited but Allah hates the existence of a divorce. If forced, divorce is the last resort when all efforts to maintain the household have been made but to no avail.Key words: Divorce due to third party, South Jakarta Religious Court Abstrak Fenomena perpecahan keluarga yang banyak terjadi belakangan ini seolah menjadi suatu budaya. Ini dapat dilihat dari maraknya perselingkuhan, kawin cerai, kemudian ditambah meningkatnya jumlah anak jalanan seakan menunjukkan gejala-gejala negatif pada lingkungan masyarakat. Tujuan pada penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana perceraian akibat orang ketiga dalam perspektif hukum positif di Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan dan untuk mengetahui perceraian akibat orang ketiga dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam di Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis konsep hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: Perceraian akibat orang ketiga dalam perspektif hukum positif di Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selatan Tahun 2022 diatur dalam Undang-undang Nomor 1 Tahun 1974 Tentang Perkawinan. Perceraian dalam pandangan Islam bukan sesuatu yang dilarang namun Allah membenci adanya sebuah perceraian. Jika terpaksa, perceraian adalah jalan terakhir ketika semua upaya mempertahankan rumah tangga telah dilakukan namun tidak membuahkan hasil.Kata kunci: Perceraian Akibat Orang Ketiga Pengadilan Agama Jakarta Selata