SALAM: Jurnal Sosial dan Budaya Syar-i
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Ekonomi Syariah dan Ekonomi Pancasila Dalam Bingkai Peraturan Hukum Indonesia
Full text linkThis research aims to explain the presence of law, Sharia economics and Pancasila economics based on cooperation by prioritizing humanitarian principles. This research method uses a doctrinal approach with statutory and conceptual approaches. The results of this research are that the presence of law provides a binding and coercive nature for everyone who carries out transactions in Sharia economic activities and the Pancasila economy, so the role of the state as a policymaker is to issue regulations in the form of specific laws with the birth of the Sharia Banking Law, part of sharia economics, and the Cooperative Law, part of the Pancasila economy, as a form of national protection for all Indonesian people.Keywords : Sharia Economic, Pancasila Economic, Regulatio
Legal Implications Regarding Changes to The Foundation\u27s Articles of Association according to Law Number 28 of 2004
No full textThis study aims to analyze the legal implications of changes to the foundation\u27s articles of association, based on the provisions of Law No. 28 of 2004, which amends Law No. 16 of 2001 concerning Foundations. This study employs a qualitative method with a normative legal approach, grounded in a comprehensive examination of laws and regulations, jurisprudence, and relevant scientific literature. The study\u27s results indicate that changes to the foundation\u27s articles of association have a direct impact on the legality of the foundation\u27s organs, the validity of legal relations with third parties, and the potential for legal sanctions if the specified procedures are not followed. The provisions of Law Number 28 of 2004 emphasise the importance of an accountable and transparent organisational structure through a change mechanism that must be legally registered and approved. Failure to comply with this procedure can result in the cancellation of legal actions, the invalidity of deeds, and weaken the foundation\u27s social function in society. Therefore, understanding and socialising the law to foundation administrators is an important step to prevent violations, while ensuring the sustainability of the foundation as a non-profit institution that serves the public interest.Keywords: Foundation; Articles of Association; Changes; Legal Implications; Law Number 28 of 200
Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission Efforts in Handling Humanitarian Conflict in Mali 2020-2023
No full textIn 2020-2023, humanitarian conflict in Mali increased du to the coup, which impacts on so that Mali\u27s sovereignty. This research aims to analyze MINUSMA\u27s efforts in dealing with humanitarian conflicts in Mali in 2020-2023. This research uses qualitative research with descriptive analysis method and international organization approach and Responsibility To Protect (R2P) liberalism perspective as the main approach. The data is taken from library research consisting of journals, books, news from official sources, documents, and international reports. The results of the research show MINUSMA\u27s efforts in dealing with humanitarian conflicts in Mali through; infrastructure, security, health, politics and social. The concept of R2P consists of 3 pillars, namely; State responsibility, explains how the Malian government have failed to resolved the humanitarian conflict in Mali. MINUSMA as an international response updates the mandate of the resolution to ensure its effectiveness according to what happens on the ground. MINUSMA as a peace mission compresed by the United Nations served as a response to the international policy that has made several efforts to resolve humanitarian conflicts in Mali, among others: The MINUSMA providing patrol training to the military, implementing the PoC mandate and providing special protection to women and children. MINUSMA contributed to the long-term project of strengthening the airport, building QIPs projects, construction and rehabilitation in Mopti and government offices and public facilities in Segou. While a health policy by sending medical equipment, building laboratories and increasing understanding of health for the Malian people. MINUSMA organized conference activities and educational discussion for people with disabilities as well as restoring constitutional order and facilitating dialogue between transitional governments. This research describe efforts of MINUSMA as a UN peace mission to resolve humanitarian conflict in Mali
Pakistan\u27s Nuclear Proliferation as a Form of Military Defense Against India
No full textProliferasi nuklir menjadi salah satu isu sentral dalam hubungan internasional, terutama dalam konteks persaingan kekuatan militer antara negara-negara yang bersengketa Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk pertahanan militer Pakistan terhadap India melalui proliferasi nuklir. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah isu proliferasi nuklir yang berkembang sebagai akibat dari kemajuan teknologi dan konflik antar negara, khususnya antara Pakistan dan India. Pakistan, dengan segala keterbatasannya, berupaya melindungi diri dari potensi ancaman militer India dengan mengembangkan kemampuan nuklirnya. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana proliferasi nuklir menjadi bentuk pertahanan diri bagi Pakistan, mengingat kapabilitas militer India yang lebih maju. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur dengan merujuk pada penelitian terdahulu dan perjanjian internasional seperti NPT dan peran IAEA serta kebijakan konstitusi Pakistan pada tahun 1973. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan teori realisme defensif dan konsep self-deterrence, penelitian ini menjelaskan bagaimana kebijakan nuklir Pakistan berkembang sebagai respons terhadap ancaman dari India, yang lebih dulu mengembangkan senjata nuklirnya. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dalam kajian keamanan internasional, khususnya dalam memahami bagaimana negara-negara yang berkonflik menggunakan strategi deterrence dalam menjaga stabilitas regional. Meskipun proliferasi nuklir dapat meningkatkan ketegangan geopolitik, temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan senjata nuklir juga berfungsi sebagai alat negosiasi dan pencegahan perang terbuka di kawasan yang rentan terhadap konflik berkepanjangan. Dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keputusan Pakistan untuk memiliki dan mengembangkan teknologi nuklir bukan hanya sebagai bentuk peningkatan kekuatan militer, tetapi juga sebagai strategi untuk menciptakan balance of power di Asia Selatan. Dengan menjalin kerja sama dengan negara seperti China dan menerima bantuan teknologi militer, Pakistan memastikan bahwa pertahanannya tetap kongkrit terhadap India. Hasil penelitian diharapkan dapat memberikan wawasan mengenai dinamika proliferasi nuklir antara Pakistan dan India, serta implikasinya terhadap stabilitas regional. Penelitian ini juga diharapkan dapat menjadi referensi bagi kajian akademik selanjutnya mengenai studi proliferasi nuklir dan hubungan internasional.Kata kunci: Pakistan, India, Proliferasi Nuklir, Keamanan Nasional. Realisme defensive, self-deterrence
The German Government’s Effort to Stabilize Human Security Due to The Refugee Crisis from Syria 2017-2020
No full textIn 2011, the armed conflict in Syria triggered a massive wave of refugees to various countries, especially in Europe. Germany became one of the main destinations for refugees due to its open policy towards asylum seekers. However, the economic crisis that hit Europe in 2013 caused major challenges in accepting and managing refugees. This research aims to analyse the impact of the Syrian refugee crisis on refugee policy and security stability in Germany. This research uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach and human security theory as the main foundation. Data analysis techniques include collecting, reducing, processing, presenting, and drawing conclusions based on secondary sources such as academic journals, scientific articles, international organisation reports, and German government policy documents. The research shows that the surge of Syrian refugees has had a significant impact on various aspects of Germany, especially in the security, economic, and social fields. To address the problem, the German government implemented various policies, including the establishment of state agencies such as BAMF, BKA, and BFV that are responsible for refugee administration, security, and prevention of radicalisation. In addition, cooperation with social organisations such as Caritas Germany and coordination with UNHCR are also carried out to ensure the welfare of refugees and maintain the stability of the country. Thus, the Syrian refugee crisis not only affects Germany domestically, but also influences European refugee policy more broadly. This research provides insight into how refugee surges due to armed conflict can affect the political, economic, and social stability of a receiving country.Keywords: Refugee Crisis, Human Security, Migration Policy, Germany, Syri
Pengaruh Asset dan DER terhadap ROA pada Sektor Perbankan di BEI tahun 2020-2022
Full text linkReturn on Assets (ROA) in the banking context is the key to understanding how efficiently a bank uses its assets to generate profits. Following Bank Indonesia regulations, the best ROA criteria is 1.5%. Banks with high ROA tend to be more efficient in managing their assets to obtain more significant income than those with low ROA. The research method used is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach. In this research, the dependent variable is the Return on Assets (Y). Meanwhile, the independent variables used are Asset Growth (X1) and Debt to Equity Ratio (X2). The population and sample in this research are banking on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period, namely 43 companies, The criteria were carried out so that the sample was 19. The independent variables, namely AG and DER, simultaneously significantly affect the dependent variable ROA. The table value in this test was 1.67203, and the significance level α (alpha) used was 0.05. Based on the table above, it is known that AG influences ROA. Meanwhile, DER does not influence ROA. The magnitude of the influence of Asset Growth (AG) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on Return on Assets (ROA) in the Banking sector on the Indonesian Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period is 9.7%, and the remaining 90.3% is explained by other variables not examined in this research.Kata Kunci: Asset Growth; Debt to Equity Ratio; Return on Asset Abstrak:Return on Assets (ROA) dalam konteks perbankan merupakan kunci untuk memahami seberapa efisien sebuah bank menggunakan asetnya untuk menghasilkan laba. Sesuai dengan ketentuan Bank Indonesia, kriteria ROA yang terbaik adalah 1,5%. Bank dengan ROA yang tinggi cenderung lebih efisien dalam mengelola asetnya untuk memperoleh pendapatan yang lebih signifikan dibandingkan dengan ROA yang rendah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dalam penelitian ini, variabel dependennya adalah Return on Assets (Y). Sedangkan variabel independen yang digunakan adalah Asset Growth (X1) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (X2). Populasi dan sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020-2022 yaitu sebanyak 43 perusahaan. Kriteria tersebut dilakukan sehingga sampelnya berjumlah 19. Variabel independen yaitu AG dan DER secara simultan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap variabel dependen ROA. Nilai tabel dalam pengujian ini sebesar 1,67203 dan tingkat signifikansi α (alpha) yang digunakan sebesar 0,05. Berdasarkan tabel di atas diketahui bahwa AG berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Sedangkan DER tidak berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Besarnya pengaruh Asset Growth (AG) dan Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) pada sektor Perbankan di Bursa Efek Indonesia periode 2020-2022 adalah sebesar 9,7%, sedangkan sisanya sebesar 90,3% dijelaskan oleh variabel lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini.Kata Kunci: Asset Growth; Debt to Equity Ratio; Return on Asse
Anti-Corruption Education and its Socialization In Schools And Higher Education
No full textArtikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pentingnya pendidikan dan sosialisasi anti korupsi di sekolah dan perguruan tinggi sebagai upaya untuk mengatasi permasalahan korupsi di Indonesia. Pendidikan dan sosialisasi anti korupsi di sekolah dan perguruan tinggi memiliki potensi untuk menciptakan generasi muda yang sadar akan pentingnya pencegahan dan pemberantasan korupsi di Indonesia. Dengan menerapkan metode pendekatan literatur dan mengidentifikasi berbagai praktik efektif, diharapkan pendidikan dan sosialisasi anti korupsi dapat menjadi bagian integral dari sistem pendidikan untuk membangun budaya anti korupsi yang kuat dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur, dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber literatur terkait pendidikan anti korupsi dan praktik-praktik pencegahan korupsi di lembaga pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendidikan dan sosialisasi anti korupsi di sekolah dan perguruan tinggi memiliki peran yang penting dalam membentuk karakter dan perilaku anti korupsi di kalangan generasi muda. Melalui pendekatan literatur, berbagai program, metode, dan praktik yang efektif dalam menyampaikan materi anti korupsi di identifikasi.Kata kunci: pendidikan, sosialisasi, anti korupsi, sekolah, perguruan tinggi, literatur
PENTINGNYA PENDAFTARAN MEREK DAGANG MEMILIKI DAYA PEMBEDA (Studi Kasus : Putusan Nomor 57/ Pdt-Sus-Merek/ 2019/PN Niaga Jkt Pst)
No full textAbstrak Merek dan Indikasi Geografis salah satu cabang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2016 tentang Merek dan Indikasi Geografis. Merek adalah tanda yang dapat ditampilkan secara grafis berupa gambar, logo, nama, kata, huruf, angka, susunan warna dalam bentu 2 dimensi atau 3 dimensi untuk membedakan barang dan/ atau jasa yang diproduksi oleh orang atau badan hukum dalam kegiatan perdagangan. Merek dibedakan atas merek dagang dan merek jasa.Merek dagang adalah merek digunakan pada kegiatan perdagangan sedangkan merek jasa adalah merek yang digunakan pada jasa dalam kegiatan perdagangan. Syarat merek dagang mendapat perlindungan apabila telah diterbitkan sertifikat merek. Merek dagang ditolak pendaftarannya karena tidak memilik daya pembeda. Permasalahan, apa problematika yang muncul pada merek dagang dan mengapa pentingnya dilakukan pendaftaran merek dagang? Metode penelitian yang digunakan, penelitian kepustakaan. Jenis penelitiannya normatif. Pendekatan penelitian, adalah pendekatan konseptual, pendekatan kasus dan pendekatan perundangan. Data hasil penelitian kepustakaan dianalisa secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian, problematika yang muncul dalam merek dagang adalah terdapat merek yang tidak memiliki daya pembeda, merek terdaftar lebih dahulu menggugat merek yang kemudian, pentingnya pendaftaran merek memiliki daya pembeda agar pendaftaran merek diterima, diterbitkan sertifikat merek, mendapat perlindungan hukum dari pemerintah. Kata kunci: Pendaftaran, Merek Dagang , Daya Pembeda AbstractMarks and Geographical Indications are one of the branches of Intellectual Property Rights regulated in Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Marks and Geographical Indications. A brand is a sign that can be displayed graphically in the form of images, logos, names, words, letters, numbers, color arrangements in 2-dimensional or 3-dimensional form to differentiate goods and/or services produced by individuals or legal entities in trading activities. Brands are differentiated into trademarks and service marks. Trademarks are brands used in trading activities, while service marks are brands used for services in trading activities. Trademark requirements receive protection if a trademark certificate has been issued. Trademark registration is rejected because it does not have distinguishing power. Problems, what problems arise with trademarks and why is it important to register a trademark? The research method used is library research. The type of research is normative. Research approaches are the context approach, problem approach and regulatory approach. Data from library research were analyzed qualitatively. The results of the research show that the problem that arises in trademarks is that there are brands that do not have distinguishing power, the registered mark first challenges the brand and then the importance of registering a mark has distinctive power so that the mark registration is accepted, a brand certificate is issued, and it receives legal protection from the government. Keywords: Registration, Trademark, Differentiating Pow
Legal Analysis of Divorce Due to Domestic Disputes and Quarrels in Religious Court Decision Number 1426/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Krs
No full textMarriage is the implementation of the constitutional rights of every citizen guaranteed by Article 28B Paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution concerning the right to form a family and continue the lineage through a legal marriage. In addition, Article 28D Paragraph (1) affirms the right of every individual to obtain recognition, guarantees, protection, and fair legal certainty and equal treatment before the law. In this context, marriage is regulated by Law Number 1 of 1974 concerning Marriage which affirms that marriage aims to form a happy and eternal family based on the Almighty God. However, in practice, not all marriages run harmoniously and many end in divorce due to prolonged disputes and quarrels.This study aims to analyze the legal aspects of divorce due to disputes and quarrels in the household based on the Decision of the Religious Court Number 1426/Pdt.G/2024/PA.Krs. The research method used is normative juridical, with a statutory approach and analysis of court decisions to understand the legal basis, trial process, and judges\u27 considerations in deciding divorce cases.The results of the study indicate that the divorce in this case was caused by household disharmony that continued since April 2016 until its peak in January 2017, which culminated in a divorce petition by the plaintiff. The court decided the divorce by granting iddah, mut\u27ah, and child support to the entitled party. This case emphasizes the importance of strengthening the mediation mechanism in the divorce process so that dispute resolution can be achieved peacefully before entering the court realm. Keywords: Dispute, Divorce, Quarrel
Transactional Leadership in Educational Institutions in the Perspective of Islamic Economic Law
No full textTransactional leadership is a managerial strategy that emphasizes the reciprocal dynamics between leaders and followers through rewards and punishments, aimed at efficiently achieving corporate objectives in a systematic manner. Within educational institutions, implementing transactional leadership may enhance the discipline and performance of followers; however, it requires additional examination within the context of Islamic economic law. This study examines the implementation of transactional leadership inside educational institutions via the lens of Islamic economic law and assesses its influence on institutional performance. This study employs a qualitative methodology via a literature review to analyze diverse sources pertaining to transactional leadership and Islamic economic law. The study\u27s findings suggest that transactional leadership in educational institutions can be implemented by adapting sharia principles, including equity, transparency, and a balance between rewards and penalties. Academic institutions must adopt a more comprehensive and motivating strategy to foster a more inventive and significant environment for stakeholders.Keywords: Transactional Leadership; Educational Institutions; Islamic Economic Law AbstrakKepemimpinan transaksional merupakan strategi manajerial yang menekankan dinamika timbal balik antara pemimpin dan pengikut melalui penghargaan dan hukuman, yang ditujukan untuk mencapai tujuan perusahaan secara efisien dan sistematis. Dalam lembaga pendidikan, penerapan kepemimpinan transaksional dapat meningkatkan disiplin dan kinerja pengikut; namun, hal ini memerlukan pemeriksaan tambahan dalam konteks hukum ekonomi Islam. Studi ini mengkaji penerapan kepemimpinan transaksional di dalam lembaga pendidikan melalui sudut pandang hukum ekonomi Islam dan menilai pengaruhnya terhadap kinerja kelembagaan. Studi ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif melalui tinjauan pustaka untuk menganalisis berbagai sumber yang berkaitan dengan kepemimpinan transaksional dan hukum ekonomi Islam. Temuan studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kepemimpinan transaksional di lembaga pendidikan dapat diterapkan dengan mengadaptasi prinsip-prinsip syariah, termasuk ekuitas, transparansi, dan keseimbangan antara penghargaan dan hukuman. Lembaga pendidikan harus mengadopsi strategi yang lebih komprehensif dan memotivasi untuk menumbuhkan lingkungan yang lebih inventif dan signifikan bagi para pemangku kepentingan.Kata Kunci: Kepemimpinan Transaksional; Lembaga Pendidikan; Hukum Ekonomi Syaria