Jurnal Rekayasa Elektrika
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Modifikasi Fantom ORNL_MIRD untuk Kebutuhan Simulasi Monte Carlo Pasien Radioterapi Kanker Payudara Menggunakan MCNPX
Get PDFIn medical physics, the simulation of radiation dose distribution in the body of radiotherapy patients is generally carried out using the Monte Carlo method. But in conducting this simulation, medical physicists are often faced with the incompatibility problems of phantom geometry with simulation needs. Phantom ORNL-MIRD is the most commonly used phantom in simulation. In a radiotherapy simulation, cancer cells are usually only assumed to be in the phantoms body without any concrete form. This can cause the administration of radiation doses that are not right on cancer cells. Phantom ORNL-MIRD is also only composed of three materials, namely bone, lung, and the rest are considered as soft tissue. This certainly provides inappropriate simulation results, especially in the case of breast cancer radiotherapy where the breast is composed of adipose tissue. This study aims to make ORNL_MIRD phantom modelling suitable for the needs of Monte Carlo simulations of breast cancer patients. The phantom modification will be carried out on the soft tissue structure of the breast and the structure of the skin tissue. Cancer cells with a diameter of 2 cm were also added to the left breast at a depth of 2.5 cm. The rays from radionuclide 60Co with the energy of 1.1732 MeV and 1.3325 MeV and the probabilities of 0.989 and 0.998, respectively, were exposed to the phantom. The simulation results show that there are significant differences before and after modification. Absorption dose values in the breast with a soft tissue without tumour cells were 0.31 mGy with a relative error of 0.0023, while the absorbency dose rate in the breast with soft tissue and tumour cells was 0.2 mGy with a relative error of 0.0023
Substrate Integrated Waveguide Bandpass Filter dengan Complementary Split Ring Resonator
Get PDFSubstrate integrated waveguide (SIW) is a technique to implement waveguide into microstrip material that can be applied to filter, antenna, mixer, coupler, and so on. Implementation of SIW to filter can overcome theproblem of size reduction and high insertion loss commonly used in a conventional filter. While the complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) method overcomes the problem of size reduction and selectivity in conventional filters, thus combining the two can provide better filter performance. This research proposes both methods in realizinga bandpass filter by using a parameter study. Bandpass filter design works on a frequency of 3.4 4.6 GHz with an insertion loss value of 0.5 dB and a return loss value above 15 dB and has one transmission zeros at the frequency of 3.32 GHz. While the measurement results provide an insertion loss value below 3 dB and 6.5 dB return loss
Reduksi Osilasi Daya Pada MPPT Panel Surya Dengan Metode Kombinasi PNO dan Fuzzy
Get PDFSolar panels are an essential part of a system of electrical source devices that receives light energy to beprocessed into electrical energy with direct current (DC) output. The main problem in the use of solar panels isthat the production of power in solar panels is not constant due to the temperature and solar radiation changes.This non-constant power causes the solar panel output power to fluctuate and become unstable. This output powerwill be used in processing using the MPPT Perturb and Observe (PNO) method to obtain the maximum solar panelreceiving point. This PNO method uses two input parameters and can be applied to all types of solar panels. Thisstudy aims to reduce the oscillation of the output power of MPPT using electronic power simulations on a three-levelboost converter by combining PNO and Fuzzy MPPT methods. The Fuzzy method in this study uses the Mamdaniinference method, which uses two inputs and one output. The boost converter was tested using a simulation onseveral conditions of sunlight received by solar panels. The simulation results show that the power output from theMPPT PNO and Fuzzy methods can reduce oscillation more optimally, 78.57%
Prototipe Pengukuran Kadar Gula dalam Tubuh Manusia Melalui Urin
Get PDFIn this research, we propose a prototype to measure glucose index in human body after applying benedictreagen into urine samples. This system divides into two main components that are identification device and androidsmartphone. The identification device consists of TCS3200 colour sensor and a raspberry pi. The TCS3200 coloursensor's function is to predict the alteration of urine sample and determine the colour category according to thebenedict rule and to measure the glucose in the sample. The Raspberry pi function is to process the data that acquiredfrom the colour sensor. By optimizing with Tsukamoto Fuzzy Logic Control, the research successfully identifies theglucose by achieving 100% and the result of fuzzy logic control on Raspberry Pi as decision making by urine in 90%and by conflicting minimum error in 5.6%
Optimasi Penempatan dan Kapasitas PLTS on grid Pada Sistem Distribusi Radial Menggunakan Metode Algoritma Genetika Multi Konstrain
Get PDFThe photovoltaic grid-connected business opportunity offers challenges to power quality and voltage fluctuations in the distribution system. The purpose of this study is to optimize the location and power capacity of the grid-connected photovoltaic so that the voltage values are in accordance with the operating standards and meet the requirements of the connection techniques in the distribution system. The distribution system tested is the 69 Buses radial distribution feeder. The optimization uses three constraints namely voltage constraints, active power capacity constraints and total active power capacity constraints of the Grid-Connected Photovoltaic. The Optimization is carried out by considering the value of the percentage of the total active power of the Grid-Connected Photovoltaic capacity to the total load in the distribution system. The optimization results in the first simulation indicated seven grid locations with a total active power of 1.156 MW (38% PV) and produced a fitness value of 0.029. The second Simulation showed 7 locations with a total active power of 1.243 MW (41% PV) and produced a fitness value of 0.023. The Third simulation was identified with 11 locations with a total active power of 1.385 MW (46% PV) and produced a fitness value of 0.022. The best fitness value is the lowest value of the active power losses. The entry of a number of the Grid-Connected Photovoltaic System with distributed location can increase the voltage level in the distribution system
Desain Low-Cost Sistem Monitoring Pengukuran Potensi Tenaga Matahari dan Tenaga Angin
Get PDFRenewable energy implementation could become the alternative for electrical energy supply in a remote area with no network for electricity and also could be implemented in an urban area to reduce electricity consumption in daily usage. One of the problems to implement renewable energy is how to measure solar power potential and wind power potential to decide the qualification to apply the system in a particular area. This research used Arduino Uno as the main Controller that connected to a Voltage sensor, Current Sensor ACS712 30A dan light intensity sensor BH1750 to measure solar power potential and also anemometer to measure wind power potential. Software design was done using Arduino IDE program that successfully produced stable Low-Cost system that can operate well with all kind of solar panel with maximum Voltage of 34.7 V and current 30 A. The results from system testing shows that the system has accuracy for voltage sensor with value of 99.2%, current sensor with value of 95.3% and light intensity sensor with value of 99.8% and also has excellent precision with SDR value for every sensor are 0.034%, 4.58% and 0.026%
Perintah Kontrol Gerak Kursi Roda Elektrik Menggunakan Sensor Elektromiograf
Get PDFParalysis is a disease that can limit the mobility of the sufferer. One solution that can help people with paralysis in carrying out their mobility is the use of an electric wheelchair. In this study, an electric wheelchair with specifications where the wheelchair motion control uses muscles on both arms, so that the electric wheelchair is very suitable for patients with paralysis in the legs and weak hand strength in turning the wheels from the wheelchair. The input of motion control commands is carried out through an electromyograph sensor mounted on the flexor muscle in both patients arms. The output of each sensor is given a threshold of 2 volts to distinguish control commands or not. When the sensor output is more than the same as the threshold, it is considered logic one and the other is considered logic zero. The method is used to interpret the output as a control command by impulse detection. The electric wheelchair movement that can be done is forward, turn right, and turn left
Kajian Aspek Kecepatan dan Ketepatan pada Sun Tracker Dua Sumbu Berbasis Sensor Berbentuk Tetrahedron
Get PDFThe two-axis Sun tracker with the tetrahedron geometry that has been developed has an error percentageof 31.26% and a speed of 0.063 m/s. The value of the accuracy and speed is still considered low for tracking sunlightin open space conditions. The research aims to improve the accuracy and speed of the tetrahedron tracker sun. Themethod used to obtain tracking accuracy is to implement a control system that forms a tracking system using theproportional integral derivative (PID) control and modifies the sun's light by adding a sun tracker and laser to thetop of the tetrahedron structure. In addition, the motor used to measure the state of the horizontal and vertical axesis the DC Stepper type. The results obtained indicate the level of accuracy of the modified sun tracker system is 0.650on the X-axis and 0.540 on the Y-axis with a speed of 0.091 m / s. From these results, it can be concluded that the suntracker modification is able to track sunlight properly with an average tracking error rate of 0.78% on the X-axisand 4.67% on the Y axis
Identifikasi Tingkat Kematangan Kelapa Sawit Berbasis Pencitraan Termal
Get PDFIndonesia is the biggest producer of palm oil (Elaeis guineenis jacq). The palm tree is a primary commodity that posses a high economic value. Palm oil must be considered in terms of quality to produce optimal and high-quality oil. Previously, the stipulation of the palm tree characterization used manual and visual image utilization method; it may have weaknesses due to the dependency of individual sorting and coruscation factor. Therefore, this research is aimed to improve the performance of the previous method in identifying the ripeness of palm tree based on thermal imaging. The excess of thermal imaging was not related to the coruscation since the level of ripeness was both determined by the temperature and colour. The detection method of this research deployed the colour-based features that are Dominant Colour Descriptor and Color Moment. The DCD and Color Moment was the input to the K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) method. The percentage of identification rate was 89%, and the identification of oil palm maturity level using thermal imaging is more efficient because it is done without human intervention and does not depend on lighting assistance compared to manual method and method of using RGB visual images
Implementasi Bat Algorithm dalam Optimasi Penempatan Femtocell
Get PDFFemtocell has been considered as an important technology to increase the cellular system capacity by bringing the base station closer to the user and shrinking the cell dimension. Basically, femtocell networks are deployed in indoor environment such as an office. Thus, femtocell placement problems are one of the important issues in planning the wireless networks, since the manual planning processes are not efficient. In this paper, the solution of femtocell placement problem in an indoor environment is solved by bat algorithm. Selecting the best position of the femtocell is the main objective so the capacity can be maximized. In a 100 trial study, the SNR can be optimized up to 34.89 dB. In conclusion, the bat algorithm is able to improve the SNR efficiently and effectively