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A global database on holdover time of lightning-ignited wildfires
Get PDFThis research has been supported by a postdoctoral fellowship funded by the government of Asturias (Spain) through the Fundación para el Fomento en Asturias de la Investigación Científica Aplicada y la Tecnología (grant no. AYUD/2021/58534).Holdover fires are usually associated with lightning-ignited wildfires (LIWs), which can experience a smoldering phase or go undetected for several hours, days or even weeks before being reported. Since the existence and duration of the smoldering combustion in LIWs is usually unknown, holdover time is conventionally defined as the time between the lightning event that ignited the fire and the time the fire is detected. Therefore, all LIWs have an associated holdover time, which may range from a few minutes to several days. However, we lack a comprehensive understanding of holdover times. Here, we introduce a global database on holdover times of LIWs. We have collected holdover time data from 29 different studies across the world through a literature review and datasets assembled by authors of the original studies. The database is composed of three data files (censored data, non-censored data, ancillary data) and three metadata files (description of database variables, list of references, reproducible examples). Censored data are the core of the database and consist of different frequency distributions reporting the number or relative frequency of LIWs per interval of holdover time. In addition, ancillary data provide further information to understand the methods and contexts in which the data were generated in the original studies. The first version of the database contains 42 frequency distributions of holdover time built with data on more than 152 375 LIWs from 13 countries in five continents covering a time span from 1921 to 2020. This database is the first freely available, harmonized and ready-to-use global source of holdover time data, which may be used in different ways to investigate LIWs and model the holdover phenomenon. The complete database can be downloaded at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7352172 (Moris et al., 2022)
Disasters in Spain from 1950 - 2020: Impact on Public Health
Get PDFAbstract
Objective:
The aim of this study was to establish the frequency and profile of disasters and to analyze trends in disasters and their impact on Spanish public health.
Methods:
Retrospective observational study of disasters that occurred in Spain from 1950 through 2020 was conducted. The variables studied for each episode were number of people affected, number of injured/sick, and number of deaths. Absolute and relative frequencies, population rates, mean, median, standard error of the mean (SEM), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used, and trend analysis was performed using exponential smoothing and linear regression.
Results:
A total of 491 disasters were identified in Spain. Of these, 255 (51.9%) were natural disasters, 224 (45.7%) technological disasters, and 12 (2.4%) man-made disasters. The average number of disasters per year was 7.01 (95% CI, 5.99-9.34). These disasters affected a total of 820,489 people, with an average of 3,491 people (SEM = 2.18) per episode. There was a significant increase (P <.001) in the total frequency of disasters in Spain during the period studied.
Conclusions:
Spain has a disaster profile of mixed type, combining natural with technological disasters. From 1950 through 2020, there was a significant increase in the number of disasters, with an overall profile similar to that of Europe, with climatological disasters being the most frequent type.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA
Top Research Priorities in Prehospital Care in Spain
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Objective: The objective is to identify research priorities in prehospital care in Spain.
Method: This was a Delphi-type study of three rounds with a panel of experts made up of
members of the Red de Investigaci´on en Emergencias Prehospitalarias (RINVEMER;
Prehospital Emergency Research Network) Network and the Sociedad Espa˜nola de
Medicina de Urgencias y Emergencias (SEMES; Spanish Society of Emergency
Medicine) Emergency Secretariat. In the first round, each participant identified up to 15
priorities. In the second round, they scored the 30 thematic areas on a Likert scale. In
the third round, they ordered and scored from one to ten the first ten priorities among those
that obtained a median greater than or equal to four in the second round. After adding the
assigned scores, the ten priorities with the highest total score were obtained.
Results: The ten identified research priorities were: special clinical codes and time-dependent
conditions; mass-casualty incident (MCI) coordination and management; innovation in
Emergency Medical Services (EMS); human factor in decision making; triage, analysis, and
management of calls in the Emergency Call Center; new technologies, telemedicine, and emergencies;
adverse events, clinical safety, and quality in emergencies; cardiac arrest; continuous education
and training (methodology, quality, and evaluation); and big data and emergencies.
Conclusions: The research priorities perceived by emergency professionals are related to
clinical care and organizational aspects of EMS, in addition to the need to incorporate innovative
aspects and new data analysis technologies.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA
Experimental Models to Study Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications: Limitations and New Opportunities
Get PDFAbstract: Preclinical biomedical models are a fundamental tool to improve the knowledge and
management of diseases, particularly in diabetes mellitus (DM) since, currently, the pathophysiological
and molecular mechanisms involved in its development are not fully clarified, and there is no
treatment to cure DM. This review will focus on the features, advantages and limitations of some of
the most used DM models in rats, such as the spontaneous models: Bio-Breeding Diabetes-Prone
(BB-DP) and LEW.1AR1-iddm, as representative models of type 1 DM (DM-1); the Zucker diabetic
fatty (ZDF) and Goto-kakizaki (GK) rats, as representative models of type 2 DM (DM-2); and other
models induced by surgical, dietary and pharmacological—alloxan and streptozotocin—procedures.
Given the variety of DM models in rats, as well as the non-uniformity in the protocols and the
absence of all the manifestation of the long-term multifactorial complications of DM in humans, the
researchers must choose the one that best suits the final objectives of the study. These circumstances,
added to the fact that most of the experimental research in the literature is focused on the study of
the early phase of DM, makes it necessary to develop long-term studies closer to DM in humans.
In this review, a recently published rat DM model induced by streptozotocin injection with chronic
exogenous administration of insulin to reduce hyperglycaemia has also been included in an attempt
to mimic the chronic phase of DM in humans.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA
Plan de Acción de Gobierno Abierto 2022-2023 (Informe de valoración final)
No full textras la finalización de la implementación del Plan de Acción, se procedió a la elaboración y envío a OGP por el ente de monitoreo de los distintos informes finales de compromiso. Con ello, se pudo poner en común su contenido con los restantes agentes implicados en el Plan de Acción Asturias 2022-23, en el contexto de un ejercicio final de aprendizaje que tuvo lugar el 2 de Mayo de 2023. Como resultado de esta puesta en común de hallazgos, opiniones y conclusiones, se pueden destacar finalmente diferentes recomendaciones para los responsables del gobierno local de cara a futuras experiencias OGP recogidas en este informe
Shining light on halogen-bonding complexes: a catalyst-free activation mode of carbon–halogen bonds for the generation of carbon-centered radicals
No full textThe discovery of new activation modes for the creation of carbon-centered radicals is a task of great interest in organic chemistry. Classical activation modes for the generation of highly reactive radical carbon-centered intermediates typically relied on thermal activation of radical initiators or irradiation with unsafe energetic UV light of adequate reaction precursors. In recent years, photoredox chemistry has emerged as a leading strategy towards the catalytic generation of C-centered radicals, which enabled their participation in novel synthetic organic transformations which is otherwise very challenging or even impossible to take place. As an alternative to these activation modes for the generation of C-centered radicals, the pursuit of greener, visible-light initiated reactions that do not necessitate a photoredox/metal catalyst has recently caught the attention of chemists. In this review, we covered recent transformations, which rely on photoactivation with low-energy light of a class of EDA complexes, known as halogen-bonding adducts, for the creation of C-centered radicals.Financial support of this work by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of Spain (Agencia Estatal de Investigación: PID2019-107580GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). A FICYT (Principality of Asturias) “Severo Ochoa” predoctoral fellowship to H. F. P. (BP21/050) and a “Margarita Salas Jóven” postdoctoral grant to M. P. (AYUD/2021/58397) are also gratefully acknowledged
Embarazo y enfermedades autoinmunes sistémicas. Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias
Get PDFProtocolo del Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias. Área Sanitaria IV
Long-Term Treatment and Effect of Discontinuation of Calcifediol in Postmenopausal Women with Vitamin D Deficiency: A Randomized Trial
Get PDFVitamin D plays a major role in bone health and probably also in multiple extraskeletal acute and chronic diseases. Although supplementation with calcifediol, a vitamin D metabolite, has demonstrated efficacy and safety in short-term clinical trials, its effects after long-term monthly administration have been studied less extensively. This report describes the results of a 1-year, phase III-IV, double-blind, randomized, controlled, parallel, multicenter superiority clinical trial to assess the efficacy and safety of monthly calcifediol 0.266 mg versus cholecalciferol 25,000 IU (0.625 mg) in postmenopausal women with vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 20 ng/mL). A total of 303 women were randomized and 298 evaluated. Patients were randomized 1:1:1 to calcifediol 0.266 mg/month for 12 months (Group A1), calcifediol 0.266 mg/month for 4 months followed by placebo for 8 months (Group A2), and cholecalciferol 25,000 IU/month (0.625 mg/month) for 12 months (Group B). By month 4, stable 25(OH)D levels were documented with bothcalcifediol and cholecalciferol (intention-to-treat population): 26.8 ± 8.5 ng/mL (Group A1) and 23.1± 5.4 ng/mL (Group B). By month 12, 25(OH)D levels were 23.9 ± 8.0 ng/mL (Group A1) and 22.4 ± 5.5 ng/mL (Group B). When calcifediol treatment was withdrawn in Group A2, 25(OH)D levels decreased to baseline levels (28.5 ± 8.7 ng/mL at month 4 versus 14.4 ± 6.0 ng/mL at month 12). No relevant treatment-related safety issues were reported in any of the groups. The results confirm that long-term treatment with monthly calcifediol in vitamin D-deficient patients is effective and safe. The withdrawal of treatment leads to a pronounced decrease of 25(OH) D levels. Calcifediol presented a faster onset of action compared to monthly cholecalciferol. Long-term treatment produces stable and sustained 25(OH)D concentrations with no associated safety concerns. © 2023 Faes Farma SA. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA
Asturias sostenible. Guía para la implantación de la Agenda 2030 en organizaciones asturianas: propuesta de certificación e indicadores
Get PDFEntidad promotora: Dirección General de Gobernanza Pública, Transparencia, Participación ciudadana y Agenda 2030.Consejería de la Presidencia. Principado de Asturias.La aprobación por la Asamblea General de Naciones Unidas de la Agenda 2030 (A2030) para el
Desarrollo Sostenible constituye uno de los acuerdos globales más ambiciosos e importantes de
nuestra historia reciente. Con ella se pretende involucrar a los países que forman parte de la ONU
en 17 Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) con un horizonte temporal puesto en 2030, con el
fin de lograr un mundo más sostenible y justo, y demandando profundos cambios en cómo interactuamos
con nuestro planeta en todos los ámbitos. Esta transformación debe trasladarse también
al sector privado, a la comunidad empresarial con modelos empresariales sostenibles que contribuyan
al desarrollo sostenible y a los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
La Consejería de Presidencia (hasta el Decreto 22/2023, de 31 de julio, del Presidente del Principado
de Asturias, de reestructuración de las Consejerías que integran la Administración del Principado
de Asturias), a quien le ha correspondido gestionar las políticas en materia de Agenda 2030 en el
Principado de Asturias, ha querido contribuir de un modo activo en la implantación de la Agenda
2030 y la consecución de los ODS en el sector privado asturiano. Con este objetivo se ha configurado
esta Guía para la Implantación de la Agenda 2030 en organizaciones asturianas: Propuesta de
certificación e indicadores.
La Guía tiene por objetivo presentar una propuesta de certificación e indicadores de medida de
sostenibilidad para que las empresas asturianas puedan dar un paso más en la implantación de
la Agenda 2030. Está orientada especialmente a organizaciones pequeñas y medianas empresas
asturianas (incluyendo micropymes). Constituye, por ello, un documento sencillo, concreto y de
menor longitud que otros, que pretende ser de lectura fácil, y por ello de utilidad para aquellas organizaciones
de menor tamaño y/o con recursos limitados, que son los que se ven más necesitados
de información clara y precisa para trabajar en la Agenda 2030.
La propuesta se asimila a la certificación B Corp por ser la base de una ley1 aprobada por el
Congreso de los Diputados en junio de 2022, según la cual se reconoce a las Empresas con
Propósito en España, con la nueva figura jurídica de Sociedades de Beneficio e Interés Común
(SBIC). Contempla “a todas aquellas compañías que generan un beneficio social y ambiental, además
de un retorno económico”. La iniciativa fue impulsada y coordinada por B Lab Spain, que es la
organización que promulga la certificación B Corp en España.
La Guía se estructura como sigue. Primero se contextualiza la sostenibilidad, así como la situación
actual del ecosistema asturiano en materia de sostenibilidad, para seguidamente explicar en qué
consiste y cómo funciona la certificación de base, la certificación B Corp. Tras estos dos capítulos
o secciones de carácter más introductorios, en la tercera sección se presenta la Guía, explicando
los 12 puntos que la conforman y se listan los 30 indicadores que se proponen y que permitirán
calcular el índice de sostenibilidad de las organizaciones que la implanten. Finalmente, se recogen
algunas conclusiones. En el anexo 1 se compara la presente guía con el estándar de sistema de
gestión de la calidad, ISO 9001, como muestra de su similitud con otros estándares.Tras la reorganización de la estructura del Principado de Asturias a resultas de las elecciones
autonómicas celebradas el 28 de mayo de 2023, corresponde a la Viceconsejería de Derechos
Ciudadanos, directamente dependiente de la persona titular de la Consejería de Ordenación de
Territorio, Urbanismo, Vivienda y Derechos Ciudadanos, ejercer las competencias de planificación,
impulso, dirección, coordinación, evaluación y control de las políticas que desarrolle la Consejería en
materia de Agenda 2030, a través de la Dirección General de Agenda 2030
MicroRNA-145 and microRNA-486 are potential serum biomarkers for vascular calcification
Get PDFIntroduction. MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate vascular calcification (VC), and their quantificationmay contribute to suspicion of the presence of VC.
Methods. The study was performed in four phases. Phase 1: miRs sequencing of rat calcified and non-calcified aortas. Phase 2: miRs with the highest rate of change, plusmiR-145 [the most abundantmiR in vascular smoothmuscle cells (VSMCs)], were validated in aortas and serum from rats with and without VC. Phase 3: the selected miRs were analyzed in epigastric arteries from kidney donors and recipients, and serum samples from
general population. Phase 4: VSMCs were exposed to different phosphorus concentrations, and miR-145 and miR-486 were overexpressed to investigate their role in VC.
Results. miR-145, miR-122-5p, miR-486 and miR-598-3p decreased in the rat calcified aortas, but onlymiR-145 andmiR-486 were detected in serum. In human epigastric arteries,miR-145 and miR-486 were lower in kidney transplant recipients compared with donors. Both miRs inversely correlated with arterial calcium content and with VC (Kauppila index). In the general population, the severe VC was associated with the lowest serum levels of both miRs. The receiver operating characteristic curve showed that serum miR-145 was a good biomarker of VC. In VSMCs exposed to high phosphorus, calcium content, osteogenic markers (Runx2 and Osterix) increased, and the contractile marker (α-actin), miR-145 and miR-486 decreased. Overexpression of miR-145, and to a lesser extent miR-486, prevented the increase in calcium content induced by high phosphorus, the osteogenic differentiation and the loss of the contractile phenotype.
Conclusion. miR-145 and miR-486 regulate the osteogenic differentiation of VSMCs, and their quantification in serum could serve as a marker of VC.Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA