Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan
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Peningkatan Produktivitas Tanah Melalui Sistem Agroforestri
Get PDFAbstrak. Rendahnya tingkat kesuburan tanah dan tingginya unsur yang bersifat meracun sebagai akibat tingginya intensitas hujan (>2.500 mm/tahun) merupakan penyebab utama rendahnya produktivitas tanah di daerah tropika basah, seperti Indonesia. Pada kondisi ini, diharapkan sistem agroforestri dapat menjadi solusinya. Terdapat tiga komponen dalam agroforestri, yaitu kehutanan, pertanian dan peternakan. Agroforestry dalam Bahasa Indonesia dikenal sebagai Wanatani yang berarti menanam pepohonan di lahan pertanian. Pohon-pohon memilki perakaran dalam dan menyebar secara intensif pada lapisan tanah bawah mengurangi pencucian hara secara vertikal maupun horisontal. Penutupan tanah oleh vegetasi melindung tanah dan erosi. Peran tersebut menjadikan agroforestri mampu bertindak sebagai salah satu tindakan konservasi tanah dan air, selain menghasilkan beberapa jenis produk yang memilik nilai ekonomi tinggi. Kondisi demikian sekaligus menempatkan agroforestri sebagai sistem pengelolaan lahan yang berkelanjutan.Abstract. The low soil fertility and high toxic elements caused by high rainfall (>2,500 mm/year) is the main factor responsible for the low soil productivity in the humid tropical zone, like Indonesia. In this condition, agroforestry system is expected to be solution. There are three components of agroforestry: silviculture, agriculture and livestock. Agroforestry in Indonesian is called Wanatani that means planting trees in agricultural land. Trees have deep rooting and spread intensively in subsoil may reduce leaching nutrient both vertically and horizontally. Cover crop protected soil from erosion. This role makes agroforestry as one form of soil and water conservation practices, produced some products that have a high economic value. This situation allowed agroforestry as a system of sustainable land management
Association of Soil Minerals and Organic Matter and Their Impact on pH Value
Get PDFClay and organic colloids are two factors that control major, if not all, chemical, physical and biological processes and soil properties but maintaining soil organic matter content under tropical conditions is difficult. The objectives of this review are to explore association between minerals and organic substances, mechanisms underlying the stabilization of soil organic matter, and their implication on pH0 of soil variable charge component. The modes of interaction in clay-humus complexes may occur through anion and ligand exchange to the crystal edges, cation or water bridge to basal surfaces, H-bonding to the siloxane or gibbsite sheetby van der Waals forces attraction (physical bonds), entrapment in crystal pores and intradomain regions, and adsorption in interlayer spaces. Organic matter preservation was related to amount of clay fraction, type of clay mineral present and aggregate formation. High preservation occurs in soils having high clay content, the presence of 2:1 minerals and amorphous minerals (allophane and imogolite), and a larger aggregate size. Current knowledge indicates that the mechanisms of soil organic matterstabilization are: (i) chemical recalcitrance involves elemental composition, the presence of functional groups, and molecular conformation of organic substances against decomposition by microbes and enzymes; (ii) chemical stabilization occurs through adsorption of functional groups to clay mineral surfaces and amorphous sesquioxides; (iii) physical protection involves organic substances being protected by clay fractions in soil pores, especially mesopres (2-50 nm) that limits the accessibility of microbes andenzymes. Soil organic matter is powerful in masking reactive mineral surfaces and generating soil negative charge, which is revealedby the low value of pH
Teknologi Nano untuk Pertanian: Aplikasi Hidrogel untuk Efisiensi Irigasi
Get PDFABSTRAK. Hidrofilik gel atau hidrogel adalah jaringan makromolekul yang dapat menyerap dan melepaskan air tergantung pada rangsangan eksternal, seperti pH, kelembaban, suhu, dan tekanan lingkungan sekitarnya. Tergantung pada pemilihan material dan teknik sintesisnya, hidrogel termasuk ke dalam produk teknologi nano dengan ukuran rongga permukaan antara 50-200 nm (SEM) dan luas permukaan ~300 m2/gram (BET). Aplikasi hidrogel di bidang pertanian telah terbukti mampu meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air, yang juga mampu menurunkan erosi. Dalam makalah ini, teknologi yang berhubungan dengan proses produksi hidrogel, seperti jenis material, aplikasi secara umum, metode sintesis, pengujian dan karakterisasi, akan ditinjau dengan pertimbangan penggunaan material yang memiliki biokompatibilitas terhadap lingkungan dan teknik sintesis dan pengujian yang sederhana dan ramah lingkungan.ABSTRACT. Hydrophilic gels or hydrogels is a macromolecular network which is able to reversibly absorb and release water, depending on the external stimuli such as: pH, temperature, humidity, and pressure of its application medium. Depending on the based material and the synthesize technique, hydrogel can be a nano product with the structural cavity size is in between 50-200 nm (SEM) and surface area of ~300 m2/gram (BET). Application of hydrogel for agriculture has been proven to increase water use efficiency, and decrease erosion dramatically. In this paper, technology related to production process of hydrogel, such as the based materials, potential application in general, the synthesize, testing and characterization methods will be reviewed, in which low cost technique and biocompatibility are to be considered.
DEVELOPMENT OF NATIONAL CLIMATE DATABASE SYSTEM FOR SUPPORTING AGRICULTURE RESEARCH
No full textOne of the most significant challenges for improving the agroclimate research is availability of integrated climate data. This paper reviewed several climate database systems development of national and international levels; such as those produced by Indonesian Meteorological Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and New Zealand climatic database systems. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) through Indonesian Agroclimate and Hydrology Research Institute (IAHRI) has developed a national climate database system (CDS), called as IAHRI CDS, as a basic part of agroclimatic researches. The system was integrated the numeric climate data and thematic spatial maps by applying Geographic Information System (GIS) and programming technologies. The data mainly comes from automated and manual climate stations of Ministry of Agriculture, BMKG and Irrigation service of each province. The development of IAHRI CDS is expected as a great resource for many potential applications on agriculture research in Indonesia. Keywords : Aagriculture, climate, database system, Indonesi
Contribution of Earthworms to Increase Soil Fertility and Soil Organism Activities
Get PDFUpland in the wet tropical region is dominated by acid soils, low organic matter content, and compacted subsoil layer (especially argillic horizone). The compacted soil inhibit penetration of plant roots and surface water infiltration and increase surface runoff and soil erosion, and low soil productivity. Soil fertility restoration through mechanical processing is difficult to be done, beside damaging the plant roots but also increasing soil erosion. Empowerment of earthworms in their life cycle can make a hole in the soil (burrower), prevent soil compaction, improve soil aeration, spreading organic matter and organic matter inhibits the rate of depreciation of land, and increase soil biological activity, and further can improve soil fertility without disrupting growth plants
The Role of Organic Matter in Improving Soil Physical Quality and Crop Production
No full textThe presence of organic matter in soils is very important to maintain and improve a better soil physical quality so that the soils are able to support plant growth and yields. Organic matter plays an important role in the process of aggregate formation from primary soil particles. This paper aims to review the role of organic matter in improving soil physical quality and crop yields. The results of some studies indicate that addition of organic matter such as farmyard manure, composted sugarcane bagasse residue, and mulch from crop residues in different types of soils may decrease soil bulk density, increase aggregate stability, total porosity, soil water content, and crop yields. Farmyard manure and composted sugarcane bagasse residue have a greater effect on improvement of soil physical quality and crops production compared to mulch from crop residues. The decrease in soil organic matter contents may cause the decrease in soil physical quality so that the soil capability to support plant growth and yield is also decreasing
Dampak Kebakaran Lahan Terhadap Kesuburan Fisik, Kimia, Dan Biologi Tanah Serta Alternatif Penanggulangan Dan Pemanfaatannya
Get PDFAbstrak. Makalah membahas dampak kebakaran lahan terhadap kesuburan tanah yang meliputi sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah. Kebakaran lahan pada awalnya akan menurunkan kenekaragaman hayati tanah, kandungan bahan organik tanah dan selanjutnya dalam jangka pendek mampu meningkatkan pH tanah, meningkatkan N-NH4+, fosfor tersedia, Na+, K+ dan Mg2+, menurunkan KTK, dan Ca2+ dan populasi biologi tanah. Sifat tanah yang paling peka terhadap kebakaran lahan adalah sifat biologi tanah termasuk hama-penyakit bawaan tanah yang hidup di permukaan tanah. Pembakaran lahan sengaja hendaknya diarahkan pada lahan yang potensial untuk pengembangan pertanian, namun memiliki endemi serangan hama-penyakit bawaan tanah. Pemanfaatan lahan pasca kebakaran dapat dilakukan dengan pencegahan terjadinya erosi oleh air hujan, pemberian bahan organik yang tidak mengandung hama-penyakit tanaman; pilihan komoditas dari jenis tanaman sederhana yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan cepat tumbuh. Aplikasi pupuk hayati dapat dilakukan secara maksimal, baik jenis/fungsi, jumlah maupun penempatannya dengan diikuti pemberian bahan organik secukupnya. Seluruh organisme fungsional yang dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik maupun kimia/hara dapat diaplikasikan dengan tetap memperhatikan pencegahan adanya kontaminasi hama-penyakit bawaan tanah.Abstract. The paper discussed the impact of fires on soil fertility including soil physical, chemical, and biological aspects. Fires initially lowered soil biodiversity, organic matter content and further in the short term increased soil pH, N-NH4+, available phosphorus, Na+, K+ and Mg2+, but decreased CEC, Ca2+, and biological population of the soil. The most susceptible soil properties were soil biological properties and soil pest-borne disease living on the soil surface. Deliberately burning the land should be directed to the potential land for agriculture, but has endemic soil-borne disease. Post-fire land use can be done by preventing erosion, application organic materials that do not contain plant pests and disease, selection of crops having high economic value and grow rapidly. Application of biofertilizers included type/function, rate, and placement and accompanied by sufficient organic matter application. All microorganism having ability to improve soil physical and chemical properties could be applied to the soils and that contamination of the soil borne diseases should be prevented
Capturing the Benefit of Groundwater for Water Resources Sustainability
Get PDFGroundwater is the water contained in soil or rock layer below the surface. Ground water is one of the limited water resources and the damage can give a broad impact, whereas its recovery is difficult. In addition to river water and rain water, ground water also has a very important role, especially in maintaining the balance and availability of raw water for domestic or industrial purposes. In some areas, dependency on fresh water and ground water supplies has reached ± 70%. Lack of understanding on groundwater condition that occurred in the community, arises problems that become the lost and threaten to life sustainability of the community itself. It is necessary for planning the utilization of groundwater that environmentally oriented based on the stage that includes an inventory of potential groundwater, utilization planning, licensing, monitoring and controlling, and conservation of groundwater. Inventoring of potential groundwater utilization planning, licensing, monitoring and controlling should be based on existing procedures so that utilization can be optimized without causing negative impacts
Utilization and Development Strategy of PLG Peat Land in Central Kalimantan
Get PDFSwampy lands in Indonesia are covering a very large area which are distributed in three main islands i.e. Sumatra, Kalimantan, and Papua. The total areas of swampy lands are 33.4 millions ha, that consist of tidal land areas covering 20 millions ha more or less, and about 13.4 millions ha of non tidal lands. To develop swampy land area need good planning with proper technological application, especially in soil and water management. The objective of opening swampy land areas is to overcome the decreasing of rice productivity of rice field in Java. This is due to landuse conversion to another function, such as office building, highway, roads, and manufactures. PLG areas consist of four blocks, namely Block A, B, C, and D which covers 268,000 ha, 156,000 ha, 570,000 ha, and 138,000 ha, respectivelly. The strategy for developing these areas are: 1) To make master plan of PLG areas, 2) The peat land that has a thickness more than 3 meters utilized for conservation areas, 3) The peat land with less than 3meters thickness will be utilized for developing agriculture, fishery and forestry, 4) Protection areas for developing biodivercity. If those strategies are being conducted, thus the rehabilitation and revitalization of this area will be easily executed. According to the research result conducted by Agency of Agricultural Research and Development during the period of 1997-2000 in these areas, it is indicated that the soils are very potential for food crops, horticultures, and fruits. The limiting factors of these areas are pest, diseases, and flooding at the peak of rainy season. These areas are very potential for agribusiness such as food crops, vegetable crops, fruits, and estate crops, if macro water management network can be functioned normally and limiting factors can be controlled
Retention P by Iron Oxide in Acid Sulphate Soil after Land Reclamation
Get PDFAcid Sulphate Soil is a kind of soil with high pyrite (FeS2) content. Miss management in land reclamation of acid sulphate soil will cause pyrite oxidation that made the soil becomes very acid. Pyrite oxidation on acid sulphate soil will produce iron oxides such as goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite (α-Fe2O3). Goethite and hematite have ability to bind the anions and cations in the soilsuch as phosphate which produces a complex surface binuclear with model of Fe-OP(O2)-O-Fe. On acid sulphate land because of its association with soil Fe and its solubility alteration during reduction and oxidation processes of land, P is a limiting factor. More iron oxide in the soil, more P is retentioned. Each m.mol Fe in soil will bind P as much as 0,17 m.mol P