Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan
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The Role of Organic Matter to Improve Phosphate Fertilization Efficiency on Acid Sulphate Soil
No full textThe large amount of acid sulphate soil area may be potential for agricultural development. Low soil pH, low to very low P availability and high Fe concentration are the dominant characteristics of acid sulphate soils. Low availability of P in acid sulphate soil may due to fixation process by iron and aluminum. Low N, low available K, and potential toxicityof Fe and Al are other characteristics of acid sulphate soil. Optimum agricultural management practices are required to leach the excess of Fe2+ and to maximize the P availability in order to obtain favourable conditions for rice growth. Rice straw application is part of technology for acid sulphate soil productivity improvement, a simple tecnology that sustainable and environmental friendly. Organic matter being a source of nutrients has also an important role in relation to P sorption capacity of soils through Fe chelation processes
Teknologi Peningkatan Produktivitas Lahan Endapan Volkanik Pasca Erupsi Gunung Merapi
Get PDFABSTRAK. Material piroklastik hasil erupsi Gunung Merapi (Oktober-November 2010) mengakibatkan kerusakan fisik sumberdaya lahan (tanaman, air, ternak) dan kehidupan sosial-ekonomi masyarakat di daerah bencana. Penanganan perbaikan dan pemulihan lahan-lahan yang terkena erupsi perlu dilakukan secara bertahap dan komprehensif yang disesuaikan dengan kemampuan masyarakat dan dukungan pemerintah. Peranan teknologi dan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai salah satu upaya perbaikan produktivitas lahan endapan volkanik pasca erupsi Gunung Merapi. Abu volkan yang jatuh ke permukaan tanah, mengalami proses sementasi dan mengeras, menyebabkan berat jenis (BD) tanah meningkat, sedangkan Ruang Pori Total (RPT) dan permeabilitas tanah menurun. Pengendalian erosi (penanaman Flemingia congesta, C. Calotirtus, dan glirisidia searah kontur), dan stabilisasi lahar dengan penanaman rumput Bahia dan Flemingia congesta sekaligus untuk mereklamasi lahan pasir eks lahar Gunung Merapi. Teknologi peningkatan produktivitas lahan volkanik dapat dilakukan dengan cara teknik konservasi vegetatif (penggunaan rumput raja, guatemala, dan gajah; dibarengi tanaman legum glirisidia) dapat mengendalikan erosi di bawah ambang batas erosi terbolehkan. Dengan semakin terkendalinya erosi tanah, berdampak terhadap peningkatan mutu lahan, produksi tanaman semusim dan pengadaan rumput pakan serta populasi ternak ruminansia.ABSTRACT. Pyroclastic materials derived from Merapi volcano eruption caused physical damage on land resources (crops, water, and livestock) and socio-economic life of communities in the affected areas. Solving problems and restoration of land affected by the eruption should be performed gradually and comprehensively based on community ability and government support. The role of technology and the existing research results could be considered as one of the alternatives to improve productivity of land covered by Merapi eruption deposits. Volcanic ash falling on land surfaces experienced cementation and hardness and caused high soil bulk density (BD), while the total pore space (RPT) and soil permeability decreased. Erosion control by growing Flemingia congesta, C. calotirtus, and Gliricidia in a manner that parallel to contour line. In addition, Bahia grass and bamboo plants are used to stabilize sandy land and reclamation of the former Merapi lahar. The technology for increasing the productivity of volcanic land can be done by planting animal feed grass on the ridge or riser. This is also useful to control soil erosion, increase land quality, crop production, and livestock feed
Sistem Informasi Kalender Tanam Terpadu: Status Terkini Dan Tantangan Kedepan
Get PDFAbstrak. Penetapan waktu tanam yang tepat merupakan salah satu penentu keberhasilan panen dan peningatan produktifitas tanaman pangan. Kearifan lokal dan cara konvensional yang digunakan untuk menerapkan pola tanam telah mengalami bias akibat pergeseran awal musim tanam. Untuk memandu penyuluh dalam menyesuaikan waktu dan pola tanam, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian mengembangkan Sistem Kalender Tanam Terpadu untuk menjawab permasalahan mendasar terkait dengan pengamanan dan peningkatan produksi beras nasional menghadapi varibilitas dan perubahan iklim. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan perkembangan sistem informasi kalender tanam terpadu berbasis web pada level kecamatan untuk seluruh Indonesia. Sistem ini dibangun dengan mengintegrasikan tiga sub-sistem, yaitu sub-sistem data, model dan pencarian, yang dapat diakses melalui alamat litbang.deptan.go.id. Informasi utama yang diperoleh dari sistem ini adalah estimasi awal waktu tanam tanaman padi untuk musim tanam yang akan datang. Selain itu, pengguna dapat memperoleh informasi wilayah yang rawan terkena bencana seperti kekeringan, banjir dan serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman. Informasi lain adalah rekomendasi teknologi berupa pupuk, varietas, dan kebutuhan benih yang perlu disiapkan pengguna sebelum masuk periode musim tanam tersebut. Oleh karena itu, sistem ini perlu diperbaiki minimal tiga kali setahun pada setiap awal musim tanam untuk seluruh kecamatan di Indonesia. Tantangan pengembangan sistem kalender tanam terpadu ke depan adalah: (1) pemanasan global mengakibatkan iklim yang sulit diprediksi dan mempengaruhi akurasi estimasi awal waktu tanam, (2) penurunan produktivitas dan produksi yang tentunya membutuhkan informasi inovasi teknologi yang makin kompleks, serta (3) alih fungsi dan fragmentasi lahan pertanian yang mengakibatkan pengurangan luas baku sawah. Pemeliharaan dan pengembangan sistem ini tetap diperlukan, untuk meningkatkan kualitas data maupun informasi agar semakin memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna.Abstract. The accuracy in determining time of planting is one of determining factors in securing good harvest and increasing yield of food crop. Local wisdom and other conventional ways applied previously in determining cropping pattern are no longer appropriate because of shifting seasons. As a guideline for extension workers in determining cropping pattern and time of planting, Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development has published information system of integrated cropping calendar to secure national rice production in coping with climate variability and climate change. This paper aims to describe the development of web-based Information System of Integrated Cropping Calendar at a sub-district level. The system is constructed by integrating three sub-systems, namely sub-system data, model and query and can be accessed through the website address at www.litbang.deptan.go.id. The main information that can be obtained from this system is initial estimate of paddy planting time for the upcoming planting season. In addition, the users can obtain information on disaster prone areas such as droughts, floods and pests attack. Other informations are recommended technology for varieties, seed requirement and fertilizers, that be prepared by users prior to growing season period. Therefore, this system needs to be improved for all sub-districts in Indonesia at least three times a year of the beginning of each growing season. The challenges of developing integrated cropping calendar system for the future are: (1) global warming increases unpredictable weather that impacts on the accuracy of planting time estimate, (2) decreases in productivity and yield production which would require an increasingly technological innovation informations, and (3)land conversion and fragmentation of agricultural land resulting in reduction of paddy field area. Maintenance and development of this system are still needed, to improve the quality of data and information in order to meet the user needs
Reclamation of Ex-Mining Land for Agricultural Extensification
Get PDFUtilization of ex-mining land for agricultural extensification is an opportunity to solve the problem of food and environment. This paper discusses prospective utilization of ex-mining land for agricultural extensification. Mining area equipped with a business license for mining in Indonesia is around 2.2 million ha under Coal Concession Agreement, and 2.9 million ha under the Contract of Effort. A part of land is already finished being mined, and be managed properly in order to benefit the community and not damage the environment. The initial steps that need to be done is mapping of mined lands, included a status of ownership (land tenure), so that subsequent use of both for agriculture and other businesses can be sustainable. Land reclamation is necessary to increase capacity and efficiency for biomass production. Determination of land use types, should be based on land tenure, bio-physical conditions of land, and the needs of the community or local government. In the future, mining land management requirements is not enough simply by opening a feasibility study for mining operations, but need to be accompanied also with itsclosure plan (planning of closures), which includes environmental protection and mitigation of socio-economic problems. This needs to be one of the terms of the granting of mining permits
Pengelolaan Lahan Gambut Untuk Pengembangan Kelapa Sawit Di Indonesia
Get PDFAbstrak.Lahan gambut yang mempunyai sifat mudah rusak, pemanfaatannya harus berpedoman pada upaya pengembangan lahan berkelanjutan dengan konsep pembangunan yang “konstruktif-adaptif”. Pengalihan fungsi lahan gambut untuk keperluan lain berdasarkan kesesuaian dan kemampuan lahan serta penggunaan teknologi yang sesuai harus menjadi dasar dalam pengembangan lahan gambut ke depan. Dengan demikian, pemilihan teknologi dan komoditas yang tepat dan adanya upaya untuk menekan kerusakan lahan hingga sekecil mungkin menjadi sangat penting. Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas yang mampu beradaptasi dengan baik pada berbagai jenis lahan, termasuk lahan gambut. Dengan teknologi pengelolaan air yang tepat, disertai peningkatan stabilitas bahan gambut dan serapan CO2 oleh tanaman pada kawasan pengembangan kelapa sawit, maka pemanfaatan lahan gambut akan memberikan faedah yang besar, tidak hanya untuk masa kini tetapi juga untuk masa mendatangAbstract.Peatlands with fragile properties should be used by following the guidance of sustainable land development with land usages concept of “constructive-adaptive” development. Conversion of peatlands for other land usages based on land capability and land suitability as well as the appropriate use of technology should be the basis for their future development. Thus, the selection of suitable technologies and commodities with the attempts to reduce the land damage to the lowest level is very important. Oil palm is one of the agricultural commodities that are able to adapt different types of land, including peatlands. With proper water management and the efforts to increase peat stability and CO2 sequestration in the area of oil palm development, the use of peatlands will provide a great benefit, not only for today but also for the future
Farm Scale Nitrogen Balances For Terraced Paddy Field Systems
Get PDFNitrogen balance at farm scale is not only important to refine the site specific nitrogen fertiliser application rate, but also to estimate how much nitrogen fertiliser should be provided every planting season at district level. The nitrogen fertiliser stock for the district can be calculated by multiplying the total planting areas with nitrogen fertiliser rate per hectare. The aims were to evaluate the nitrogen balance of terraced paddy field systems under conventional farmer practices and improved technologies during the wet season 2003-04 and dry season 2004 and to predict how much nitrogen fertiliser should be provided in every planting season for wetland cultivation in the Semarang district. The nitrogen input-output assessments were carried out in terraced paddy fields for the conventional farmer practices (CFP), conventional farmer practices + rice straw (CFP+RS), improved technology (IT), and improved technology + rice straw (IT+RS) treatments. Balances were computed based on the differences between input and output. Nitrogen originating from fertiliser (IN-1), recycled rice straw (IN-2), irrigation (IN-3), and precipitation (IN-4) were grouped as input. Nitrogen removal by rice grains (OUT-1) and rice straw (OUT-2) was considered as output. The input-output analyses showed negative nitrogen balances for all the treatments, both in the wet season 2003-04 and the dry season 2004. The more nitrogen deficit was observed when the nitrogen volatilisation was considered. The nutrient inputs, particularly coming from inorganic fertilisers, were not sufficient to replace the nitrogen removed by rice grains and straw. The application of only 50 kg of urea/ha/season with and without returning rice straw was not enough to reach the optimal yield and should be left out. To balance the nitrogen deficit and to improve cultural practices in wetland rice farming especially terraced paddy field system, about 200 -250 kg urea/ha/season is recommended when the ammonia volatilisation is not considered, where as when the ammonia volatilisation is taken into account about 250-300 kg urea/ha should be added. When the rice yield of 5.73 t/ha is targeted as reached in the IT+RS treatment even higher and the planting areas in the Semarang district is about 24.833 ha for the wet season, the amount of urea should be provided will be about 4.97-6.21 million tons/season/district, meanwhile for the dry season when about 18,440 ha wetland rice is expected to be cultivated is about 4.61 to 5.53 million tons urea/season/district should be available
Prospect of Rice Estate Development in Merauke Regency: A View from Soil and Water Management Aspects
Get PDFRice estate development as instrument is targeting Merauke as a rice basket in the eastern part of Indonesia has been started by completing of Master Plan of Rice Estate Development. In the Master Plan, 206 cluster of production zone has been delineated, where each cluster consisted of about 5,000 ha. Rice estate development requires the appropriate land and water management planning to reach high land productivity and sustainable agriculture with minimal negative impacts to the environment. The appropriate soil and water management technologies are believed as key factors to develop this region, because most of the potential lands were swampy. The flat topography with unique and various climatic and hydrological characteristis lead to local specific land and water management. Site plan design model of rice estate should be integrated rice base crop livestock system. Since ruminant could make sinergic interaction with rice, the external input will be lower for sustainable agriculture. Amelioration, balance fertilization, and organic matter management will become technological components to determine the success of rice estate development. This paper explains the prospect of rice estate development from the view point of land and water management, organic matter, and balance fertilization in Merauke Regency, Papua
Indonesian Land Resources: Potency, Problems, and Utilization Strategy
Get PDFIndonesia mainland has variety of soils, parent materials, landforms, elevations and climates. This condition is the main capitals to produce sustainable agricultural commodities. The utilization of land resources to develop agriculture should consider its potentials in gaining the optimum results. Up to now the agricultural area used for agricultural purposes cover 70.2 million hectares consisting of rice field, upland crop field, yard, plantation, grazing land, trees, and fish pond. Based on the assessment results by Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, the land in Indonesia which is potential or suitable for agriculture covers 94 million hectares, comprising 25.4 million hectares of wetland (rice field) and 68.6 million hectares of upland/ dryland. There are 30.67 million hectares of the total area which is potential for agricultural extensification comprising of 8.28 million hectares annual wetland agriculture (rice field), 7.08 million hectares annual upland agriculture, and 15.31 million hectares perennial agriculture. Wetland for annual crops covers swampy land with the total of 2.98 million hectares (mainly in Papua) and non swampy land 5.30 million hectares. In Indonesia the potential land as well as available land for agricultural extensification is still sufficient, but by the increasing needs of land for agriculture and non-agriculture, careful utilization is needed. The landuse competition in the future as a consequences to keep national food security and develop bioenergy needs to be overcome. Some efforts that can be done are by increasing the productivity (intensification), correct landuse based extensification, and developing primary technological innovation
Utilizing National Cropping Calendar Atlas in Copping with Variability and Climate Change
No full textInappropriate cropping season and pattern resulted in the low production of seasonal food crops and the major cause of crop failure. A local wisdom called “Pranatamangsa” previously used to determine cropping time, now often miss due to climate anomaly. Crop growth is much affected by rainfall, solar radiation, and air temperature. The rainfall determines water availability and is essential requirement for crop growth. Planting time and cropping pattern until recently are adjusted to the climate variability and water availability to the crops. Therefore, the cropping calendar contained in this atlas is based on climate variability such as wet (El-Nino), normal, and dry (La-Nina) years. The atlas provides detailed description of planting time and crop rotation in each sub-district for each season in one year based on climate condition. The preparation of cropping calendar, both spatially and tabularly, provides information on cropping alternative for wet, normal or dry years. These alternatives were developed at 1:250 000 scale to be applied as reference in determining planting time and cropping pattern for each region and sub district. Hence, the risks of yield lost or crop failure can be avoided or minimized. Further, the policy and strategy of procurement and distribution of farm inputs particularly fertilizer and seed can be properly formulated. This cropping calendar was arranged through several steps: (1) climate data collection and farmer’s interview, (2) analysis of planting time and mapping, (3) field verification, and (4) refining the delineation of cropping pattern based on the sensitivity level. For a better planning of cropping time and pattern, this cropping calendar was arranged at the scale of 1:250.000 and attached with an information of cropping time and pattern at the sub-district level
Potential Development of Agriculture Commodity High Economy Value in Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province
Get PDFIndonesia has been able to reach self sufficiency for rice, but the problem is decreasing farmer economic value exchange. For that reason besides pursuing increase land productivity and agriculture commodities development, the improvement farmer income must be done. Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta Province has ± 0,319 million ha within land typology from mountainous vulcanize until sand shore. The problem is narrow land tenure, so that to increase farmer income the development of agriculture commodity with high economics value should be executed based on land carrying capacity. High diversity of land typology with good irrigation network and farm road infrastructure make DI Yogyakarta Province potential to be developed as agriculture seed centre and off season commodity planting. The minerals deposit of volcanous Merapi mountain and marine can increase quality ofagricultural product which good for health, therefore it is potential for development of functional food and improvement livestock reproduction for calf production. Through agricultural product that has high economics value, farmer income and public prosperity are expected to increased