Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan
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Inovasi Biopolybag Ramah Lingkungan dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Diperkuat dengan Bahan Isian Sekam Padi
Full text linkUsed plastic in the form of polybags in the rehabilitation of plantation and agricultural land takes a very long time to be degraded naturally by sunlight (photodegradation) and soil microorganisms (biodegradation). One way to overcome this deficiency is to make bio polybags that function as nursery containers. This research aims to make biopolybags from empty fruit bunches (EFB) more environmentally friendly because they are easily decomposed into natural fertilizers for plants. The research was carried out from June to September 2021 at The Processing Technology Laboratory and Material Laboratory, LPP Polytechnic. Bio polybag is made in several stages, i.e. grinding, mixing of materials and adhesives, shaping, drying and mechanical testings. Mechanical tests carried out are compressive tests, tensile strength tests, and hardness tests, and to confirm the results, a density test was performed. Each mechanical property test was repeated three times. The samples represent each variation of the variables. The best bio polybag result is the bio polybag of EFB, which is reinforced by a 6 g rice husk filler with a tapioca adhesive of a measure of 20%. The highest test value obtained is: 1,495 kg.cm-2 for press strength value; 404,46 kgf.cm-2 (39,67 MPa) for tensile strength; and 63,99 HV for hardness value. The existence of this bio polybag is expected to replace the plastic that is difficult to degrade because it can decompose quickly, is more practical to be planted directly, and does not cause root damage during seedling.Used plastic in the form of polybags in the rehabilitation of plantation and agricultural land takes a very long time to be degraded naturally by sunlight (photodegradation) and soil microorganisms (biodegradation). One way to overcome this deficiency is to make bio polybags that function as nursery containers. This research aims to make biopolybags from empty fruit bunches (EFB) more environmentally friendly because they are easily decomposed into natural fertilizers for plants. The research was carried out from June to September 2021 at The Processing Technology Laboratory and Material Laboratory, LPP Polytechnic. Bio polybag is made in several stages, i.e. grinding, mixing of materials and adhesives, shaping, drying and mechanical testings. Mechanical tests carried out are compressive tests, tensile strength tests, and hardness tests, and to confirm the results, a density test was performed. Each mechanical property test was repeated three times. The samples represent each variation of the variables. The best bio polybag result is the bio polybag of EFB, which is reinforced by a 6 g rice husk filler with a tapioca adhesive of a measure of 20%. The highest test value obtained is: 1,495 kg.cm-2 for press strength value; 404,46 kgf.cm-2 (39,67 MPa) for tensile strength; and 63,99 HV for hardness value. The existence of this bio polybag is expected to replace the plastic that is difficult to degrade because it can decompose quickly, is more practical to be planted directly, and does not cause root damage during seedling
Pengaruh Iklim terhadap Produksi Kakao di Kabupaten Gunungkidul
Full text linkCocoa is one of the commodities as a foreign exchange earner in addition to oil and gas. However, Indonesian cocoa imports have increased from year to year due to low cocoa productivity. Whereas in terms of region, Indonesia has the potential to become a new cocoa power country in the world of cocoa production. This study examines the effect of rainfall, the number of rainy days, and air temperature on cocoa production in the Gunungkidul district. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of time series data on rainfall, rainy days, air temperature, and cocoa production in 2016-2020 in Gunungkidul Regency. The regression analysis results showed that all observed climatic factors such as rainfall, rainy days, and temperature did not have a significant effect on cocoa production in Gunungkidul Regency. However, the time-series data shows that the highest cocoa production was in October 2017 and November 2018 to January 2019, when rainfall and intensity (rainy days) began to increase. Meanwhile, the air temperature in Gunungkidul Regency for five years is around 24-26°C, which is the optimum temperature for cocoa growth. This study concludes that rainfall, rain intensity (rainy days), and temperature affect fluctuations in cocoa production.Cocoa is one of the commodities as a foreign exchange earner in addition to oil and gas. However, Indonesian cocoa imports have increased from year to year due to low cocoa productivity. Whereas in terms of region, Indonesia has the potential to become a new cocoa power country in the world of cocoa production. This study examines the effect of rainfall, the number of rainy days, and air temperature on cocoa production in the Gunungkidul district. This study uses a quantitative descriptive method. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of time series data on rainfall, rainy days, air temperature, and cocoa production in 2016-2020 in Gunungkidul Regency. The regression analysis results showed that all observed climatic factors such as rainfall, rainy days, and temperature did not have a significant effect on cocoa production in Gunungkidul Regency. However, the time-series data shows that the highest cocoa production was in October 2017 and November 2018 to January 2019, when rainfall and intensity (rainy days) began to increase. Meanwhile, the air temperature in Gunungkidul Regency for five years is around 24-26°C, which is the optimum temperature for cocoa growth. This study concludes that rainfall, rain intensity (rainy days), and temperature affect fluctuations in cocoa production
Evaluasi Kinerja Tenaga Penyadap Karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg.) Berdasarkan Kualitas Sadap
Full text linkThe performance of tappers has an effect on the high or low level of production and productivity of the latex produced by a company. However, many tappers are only fixated on the production target (quantity) that must be achieved rather than paying attention to the quality of the tapping. This study aims to analyze the performance of tappers based on the quality of tapping and the factors that influence it and to determine the application of the premium system. The research was conducted from November to December 2019 at PT Perkebunan Nusantara VII Way Berulu, Pesawaran, Lampung. The research used a survey method and purposive sampling technique by selecting 12 tappers based on age, education level, and work experience and observing 5 sample trees from each tapper. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and level test analysis of 5%. The results showed that the performance of tappers is in the good category, because it has few wood wounds and the depth of tapping and bark consumption is in accordance with recommended norms. The factors of age, education level and work experience do not have a significant effect on the performance of tappers. All tappers do not receive a premium because it does not exceed the task bases.The performance of tappers has an effect on the high or low level of production and productivity of the latex produced by a company. However, many tappers are only fixated on the production target (quantity) that must be achieved rather than paying attention to the quality of the tapping. This study aims to analyze the performance of tappers based on the quality of tapping and the factors that influence it and to determine the application of the premium system. The research was conducted from November to December 2019 at PT Perkebunan Nusantara VII Way Berulu, Pesawaran, Lampung. The research used a survey method and purposive sampling technique by selecting 12 tappers based on age, education level, and work experience and observing 5 sample trees from each tapper. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis and level test analysis of 5%. The results showed that the performance of tappers is in the good category, because it has few wood wounds and the depth of tapping and bark consumption is in accordance with recommended norms. The factors of age, education level and work experience do not have a significant effect on the performance of tappers. All tappers do not receive a premium because it does not exceed the task bases
Pengaruh Pemberian IAA pada Pembibitan Setek Vanili (Vanila planifolia) yang diperkaya Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dan Bakteri Pelarut Kalium
Full text linkPropagation of vanilla plants is generally using vegetative methods like cuttings. The use of external growth regulators can support the growth of nurseries. Phosphate solubilising bacteria and potassium solubilising bacteria as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are producing microbial IAA. This study used auxin in synthetic IAA combined with IAA microbes from phosphate solubilising bacteria and potassium solubilising bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of each microbe at each dose of synthetic IAA that was applied. The study was conducted from November 2021-April 2022 in the Biological Soil Laboratory and Greenhouse University of Jember. The research uses a randomised block design with three replications with the factorial arrangement. The first factor was organic matter which was enriched with bacterial isolate (B0 = control, B1 = BPF isolate, and B2 = BPK isolate). The second factor was concentration of IAA (A0 = 0 mg.l-1, A1 = 100 mg.l-1, and A2 = 200 mg.l-1). The data were analysed by ANOVA and further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that treatment of synthetic IAA affects the parameters of length and volume of adventitious roots, which are effective in helping to supply nutrients with the best treatment at a concentration of 200 ppm. Meanwhile, enrichment of media with isolates of phosphate solubilising bacteria and potassium solubilising bacteria gave a better effect than control on the observation of tendril length, number of leaves, number of adventitious roots and taproots, length of adventitious roots and taproots, the volume of adventitious roots and taproot, and fresh weight of vanilla seedlings.Propagation of vanilla plants is generally using vegetative methods like cuttings. The use of external growth regulators can support the growth of nurseries. Phosphate solubilising bacteria and potassium solubilising bacteria as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria are producing microbial IAA. This study used auxin in synthetic IAA combined with IAA microbes from phosphate solubilising bacteria and potassium solubilising bacteria. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of each microbe at each dose of synthetic IAA that was applied. The study was conducted from November 2021-April 2022 in the Biological Soil Laboratory and Greenhouse University of Jember. The research uses a randomised block design with three replications with the factorial arrangement. The first factor was organic matter which was enriched with bacterial isolate (B0 = control, B1 = BPF isolate, and B2 = BPK isolate). The second factor was concentration of IAA (A0 = 0 mg.l-1, A1 = 100 mg.l-1, and A2 = 200 mg.l-1). The data were analysed by ANOVA and further tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with a 95% confidence level. The results showed that treatment of synthetic IAA affects the parameters of length and volume of adventitious roots, which are effective in helping to supply nutrients with the best treatment at a concentration of 200 ppm. Meanwhile, enrichment of media with isolates of phosphate solubilising bacteria and potassium solubilising bacteria gave a better effect than control on the observation of tendril length, number of leaves, number of adventitious roots and taproots, length of adventitious roots and taproots, the volume of adventitious roots and taproot, and fresh weight of vanilla seedlings
Back Matter Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Volume 10 Nomor 1 Tahun 2022
No full textBack Matter Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Volume 10 Nomor 1 Tahun 2022Back Matter Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Volume 10 Nomor 1 Tahun 202
Studi Meta-analisis: Pengaruh Penambahan Kultur Starter pada Profil Fermentasi, Mikroorganisme, dan Metabolit Hasil Fermentasi Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Full text linkFermentation of cocoa beans can produce flavour precursors and colour changes in chocolate. Generally, this process is carried out for 5-7 days without adding starter culture. Adding a starter culture is considered to improve the quality of cocoa beans and shorten the fermentation time. The purpose of this study was to compare the starter cultures used in the cocoa bean fermentation process through a meta-analysis approach. Twenty-four related articles have been screened from the initial number of 110 articles. There are five starter cultures and six parameters that can be processed by Confidence Interval (CI) analysis. Calculating p and I2 values using STATA software was performed to see variations between studies and test the significance of their effects during the fermentation process through p values. The variation test between studies showed that the profiles of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were heterogeneous. While the yeast profile, levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and pH between studies are homogeneous. The results of the study showed that the addition of starter culture will affect the levels of yeast profile (ES: 0.470; 95% CI: 0.371 to 0.569; p = 0.0); LAB profile (ES: 0.747; 95% CI: 0.600 to 0.894; p = 0,0); AAB profile (ES: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.663 to 0.953; p = 0.0); lactic acid (ES: -0.003; 95% CI: -0.162 to 0.156; p = 0.039); acetic acid (ES: 0.189; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.368; p = 0.039) and pH (ES: 0.109; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.218; p = 0.049). Using pure starter cultures can increase the number of microbes of the type added and increase metabolic activity by showing a decrease in acetic acid levels in cocoa beans at the end of the fermentation process. However, no changes were seen in pH or lactic acid levels.Fermentation of cocoa beans can produce flavour precursors and colour changes in chocolate. Generally, this process is carried out for 5-7 days without adding starter culture. Adding a starter culture is considered to improve the quality of cocoa beans and shorten the fermentation time. The purpose of this study was to compare the starter cultures used in the cocoa bean fermentation process through a meta-analysis approach. Twenty-four related articles have been screened from the initial number of 110 articles. There are five starter cultures and six parameters that can be processed by Confidence Interval (CI) analysis. Calculating p and I2 values using STATA software was performed to see variations between studies and test the significance of their effects during the fermentation process through p values. The variation test between studies showed that the profiles of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acetic acid bacteria (AAB) were heterogeneous. While the yeast profile, levels of lactic acid, acetic acid and pH between studies are homogeneous. The results of the study showed that the addition of starter culture will affect the levels of yeast profile (ES: 0.470; 95% CI: 0.371 to 0.569; p = 0.0); LAB profile (ES: 0.747; 95% CI: 0.600 to 0.894; p = 0,0); AAB profile (ES: 0.808; 95% CI: 0.663 to 0.953; p = 0.0); lactic acid (ES: -0.003; 95% CI: -0.162 to 0.156; p = 0.039); acetic acid (ES: 0.189; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.368; p = 0.039) and pH (ES: 0.109; 95% CI: 0.001 to 0.218; p = 0.049). Using pure starter cultures can increase the number of microbes of the type added and increase metabolic activity by showing a decrease in acetic acid levels in cocoa beans at the end of the fermentation process. However, no changes were seen in pH or lactic acid levels
Front Matter Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Volume 10 Nomor 1 Tahun
No full textFront Matter Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Volume 10 Nomor 1 TahunFront Matter Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan Volume 10 Nomor 1 Tahu
Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Kelapa Sawit dengan Pemberian Kompos Pelepah, Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit, dan Air Cucian Beras
Full text linkIn oil palm plantations, compost application for plants aims to support a sustainable cropping system. The study aimed to determine the effect of oil palm midrib compost, oil palm empty fruit bunches and rice washing water on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. The experiment was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from February 2020 to August 2020. The experiment was conducted using an experimental method using a randomised block design consisting of twelve treatments with three replications. The treatments included the application of inorganic fertilisers, oil palm midrib compost, oil palm empty fruit bunch compost and rice washing water either singly or in a combination of the three. Observations were made on the variables of increase in plant height, increase in stem girth, increase in the number of palm midribs, and leaf chlorophyll content. The F (Fisher) test analysed observational data at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a 95% confidence level. Data analysis using the SASM-Agri application. A mixture of 1.600 g of oil palm midrib compost, 100 g of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost with 500 ml of rice washing water can be used as a reference for the composition of organic fertiliser for oil palm seedlings, especially its effect on the increase of stem girth and leaf chlorophyll content.In oil palm plantations, compost application for plants aims to support a sustainable cropping system. The study aimed to determine the effect of oil palm midrib compost, oil palm empty fruit bunches and rice washing water on the growth of oil palm seedlings in the main nursery. The experiment was conducted at the Ciparanje Experimental Garden, Faculty of Agriculture, Padjadjaran University, from February 2020 to August 2020. The experiment was conducted using an experimental method using a randomised block design consisting of twelve treatments with three replications. The treatments included the application of inorganic fertilisers, oil palm midrib compost, oil palm empty fruit bunch compost and rice washing water either singly or in a combination of the three. Observations were made on the variables of increase in plant height, increase in stem girth, increase in the number of palm midribs, and leaf chlorophyll content. The F (Fisher) test analysed observational data at a 95% confidence level, followed by Duncan's multiple range test at a 95% confidence level. Data analysis using the SASM-Agri application. A mixture of 1.600 g of oil palm midrib compost, 100 g of oil palm empty fruit bunch compost with 500 ml of rice washing water can be used as a reference for the composition of organic fertiliser for oil palm seedlings, especially its effect on the increase of stem girth and leaf chlorophyll content
Adaptasi Setek Batang Tanaman Lada (Piper nigrum L.) Menggunakan Komposisi Media Gambut dan Pupuk Organik Kotoran Kambing yang Berbeda
Full text linkPeatlands have good prospects for use as agricultural land. Peatlands have many problems, one of which is high acidity. Organic goat manure is expected to be able to overcome the problem of peatlands. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best combination of peat media and organic goat manure on the pH of the media and the growth of pepper plant stem cuttings. This research was carried out for three months (October to December 2021), including taking peat soil in Sukamaju Village, Landasan Ulin Timur District, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan; taking pepper cuttings in Senakin Village, Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan; planting pepper cuttings in the Greenhouse Department of Agroecotechnology Faculty Agriculture at Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan; and observing the pH of cutting media at the Production Laboratory of the Agroecotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor. The factor studied was the composition of the planting medium (K), which consisted of five treatments: k1 = 100% peat + 0% organic goat manure, k2 = 75% peat + 25% organic goat manure, k3 = 50% peat + 50% organic goat manure, k4 = 25% peat + 75% goat manure organic fertilizer, and k5 = 0% peat + 100% goat manure organic fertilizer. The results showed that the treatment with the composition of 0% peat + 100% organic goat manure (k5) is the best for increasing the pH of the media (6.50). The composition of 50% peat + 50% organic goat manure (k3) was the best in increasing shoot height and number of leaves (4.44 cm shoot height and 1.08 leaves), but not different from the composition of 25% peat + 75% organic fertilizer goat manure (k4) on the percentage of live cuttings, number of shoots, and leaf width (70% live cuttings, 0.70 shoots, and 2.69 cm leaf width).Peatlands have good prospects for use as agricultural land. Peatlands have many problems, one of which is high acidity. Organic goat manure is expected to be able to overcome the problem of peatlands. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the best combination of peat media and organic goat manure on the pH of the media and the growth of pepper plant stem cuttings. This research was carried out for three months (October to December 2021), including taking peat soil in Sukamaju Village, Landasan Ulin Timur District, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan; taking pepper cuttings in Senakin Village, Kotabaru Regency, South Kalimantan; planting pepper cuttings in the Greenhouse Department of Agroecotechnology Faculty Agriculture at Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan; and observing the pH of cutting media at the Production Laboratory of the Agroecotechnology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Lambung Mangkurat University, Banjarbaru, South Kalimantan. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor. The factor studied was the composition of the planting medium (K), which consisted of five treatments: k1 = 100% peat + 0% organic goat manure, k2 = 75% peat + 25% organic goat manure, k3 = 50% peat + 50% organic goat manure, k4 = 25% peat + 75% goat manure organic fertilizer, and k5 = 0% peat + 100% goat manure organic fertilizer. The results showed that the treatment with the composition of 0% peat + 100% organic goat manure (k5) is the best for increasing the pH of the media (6.50). The composition of 50% peat + 50% organic goat manure (k3) was the best in increasing shoot height and number of leaves (4.44 cm shoot height and 1.08 leaves), but not different from the composition of 25% peat + 75% organic fertilizer goat manure (k4) on the percentage of live cuttings, number of shoots, and leaf width (70% live cuttings, 0.70 shoots, and 2.69 cm leaf width)