Jurnal Agro Industri Perkebunan
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Respons Planlet Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) terhadap Penambahan berbagai Konsentrasi Thidiazuron (TDZ) dan Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) secara in Vitro
Full text linkStevia can be developed by vegetative and generative propagation, while the generative propagation of stevia can be done through seeds. Conventional provision of seeds or seedlings has a low success rate. Propagation via tissue culture is faster, produces more seeds, and is identical to the parent, so the plants’ quality is expected. Plant growth regulator (PGR) often used for tissue culture is type auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. The function of auxin and cytokinin for division cells, cell elongation, cell differentiation and organ formation. This research aims to get the concentration as well as the best combination for the growth of stevia plants against the administration of thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Research carried out by the randomised block design (RBD) factorial pattern consisting of two factors: TDZ and NAA. The first factor is TDZ concentration consisting of three levels: 0 mg.l-1 (T0), 1 mg.l-1 (T1), and 2 mg. l-1 (T2). The second factor is NAA concentration, which consists of three levels: 0 mg.l-1 (N0), 1 mg.l-1 (N1), and 2 mg.l-1 (N1). If there is a difference in data analysis using the F test, then proceed with the BNT level test of 5%. Based on the research results obtained, the influence of TDZ growth regulators and no effect of the concentration of NAA growth regulator on stevia bud multiplication book number. There is an effect of TDZ on plantlet height, leaves, and stevia shoot multiplication nodes.Stevia can be developed by vegetative and generative propagation, while the generative propagation of stevia can be done through seeds. Conventional provision of seeds or seedlings has a low success rate. Propagation via tissue culture is faster, produces more seeds, and is identical to the parent, so the plants’ quality is expected. Plant growth regulator (PGR) often used for tissue culture is type auxins, cytokinins and gibberellins. The function of auxin and cytokinin for division cells, cell elongation, cell differentiation and organ formation. This research aims to get the concentration as well as the best combination for the growth of stevia plants against the administration of thidiazuron (TDZ) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). Research carried out by the randomised block design (RBD) factorial pattern consisting of two factors: TDZ and NAA. The first factor is TDZ concentration consisting of three levels: 0 mg.l-1 (T0), 1 mg.l-1 (T1), and 2 mg. l-1 (T2). The second factor is NAA concentration, which consists of three levels: 0 mg.l-1 (N0), 1 mg.l-1 (N1), and 2 mg.l-1 (N1). If there is a difference in data analysis using the F test, then proceed with the BNT level test of 5%. Based on the research results obtained, the influence of TDZ growth regulators and no effect of the concentration of NAA growth regulator on stevia bud multiplication book number. There is an effect of TDZ on plantlet height, leaves, and stevia shoot multiplication nodes
Upaya Menekan Kehilangan Hasil Produksi Kelapa Sawit pada Daerah Bukit Bergunung dan Daerah Datar Bergelombang
Full text linkOil palm is a plant that produces vegetable oil and is cultivated in various terrain, including undulating flats and mountainous hills. The aim of this study was to identify the factors causing losses in these areas and to investigate ways to reduce the production and income effects of these losses. The research was conducted at the Palm Oil Plantation of PT. Supra Matra Abadi in North Sumatra Province, using a quantitative research method. Samples were taken from blocks A, B (planted in 1988) and C, D (planted in 2016). The parameters observed included the number of losses in the circle, path, and collection point of FFB, areas, plant age, and the suitability and completeness of equipment. Treatments included spraying on circles, paths, and collection points of FFB, as well as the placement of employees based on their experience level and the provision of tools. Data analysis was conducted using the t-test to compare results before and after treatment. The study found that the highest losses occurred in mountainous hill areas, with an average of 2.394 kg.ha-1, while the lowest losses occurred in undulating flat areas, with an average of 1.420 kg.ha-1. The results also showed that losses decreased by 28.17% or 0.678 kg.ha-1 in mountainous hill areas and by 36.93% or 0.522 kg.ha-1 in undulating flat areas after treatment. The economic value of losses was IDR 2,271.30 per ha in mountainous hill areas and IDR 1,748.70 per ha in undulating flat areas. Therefore, this study concludes that the spray treatment of circles, paths, collection point of FFB, placement of employees based on their experience level, and provision of equipment significantly reduced losses in undulating flat areas and mountainous hills.Oil palm is a plant that produces vegetable oil and is cultivated in various terrain, including undulating flats and mountainous hills. The aim of this study was to identify the factors causing losses in these areas and to investigate ways to reduce the production and income effects of these losses. The research was conducted at the Palm Oil Plantation of PT. Supra Matra Abadi in North Sumatra Province, using a quantitative research method. Samples were taken from blocks A, B (planted in 1988) and C, D (planted in 2016). The parameters observed included the number of losses in the circle, path, and collection point of FFB, areas, plant age, and the suitability and completeness of equipment. Treatments included spraying on circles, paths, and collection points of FFB, as well as the placement of employees based on their experience level and the provision of tools. Data analysis was conducted using the t-test to compare results before and after treatment. The study found that the highest losses occurred in mountainous hill areas, with an average of 2.394 kg.ha-1, while the lowest losses occurred in undulating flat areas, with an average of 1.420 kg.ha-1. The results also showed that losses decreased by 28.17% or 0.678 kg.ha-1 in mountainous hill areas and by 36.93% or 0.522 kg.ha-1 in undulating flat areas after treatment. The economic value of losses was IDR 2,271.30 per ha in mountainous hill areas and IDR 1,748.70 per ha in undulating flat areas. Therefore, this study concludes that the spray treatment of circles, paths, collection point of FFB, placement of employees based on their experience level, and provision of equipment significantly reduced losses in undulating flat areas and mountainous hills
Pengujian Lignoselulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit dengan Waktu Delignifikasi H2SO4 Menggunakan Uap Bertekanan
Full text linkOil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are the most abundant solid waste from the palm oil industry and are underutilized, even though they have the potential to become industrial raw materials because they contain three fractions, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This research was carried out using the steam method using 1 molar sulfuric acid with concentrations of 6.4%, 7.6%, and 8.7%. The delignification temperature was measured at 120 oC and with different delignification times of 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. The best treatment with 1 M H2SO4 concentration and heating time for hemicellulose was the treatment with 8.7% H2SO4 concentration and 90 minutes of heating time. The best treatment with 1 M H2SO4 concentration and heating temperature for cellulose was found to be 6.4% H2SO4 concentration with 90 minutes of heating time. The best treatment with a 1 M H2SO4 concentration and heating temperature for lignin was the 6.4% H2SO4 treatment with 90 minutes of heating time.Oil palm empty fruit bunches (EFB) are the most abundant solid waste from the palm oil industry and are underutilized, even though they have the potential to become industrial raw materials because they contain three fractions, namely cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. This research was carried out using the steam method using 1 molar sulfuric acid with concentrations of 6.4%, 7.6%, and 8.7%. The delignification temperature was measured at 120 oC and with different delignification times of 60 minutes, 90 minutes, and 120 minutes. The best treatment with 1 M H2SO4 concentration and heating time for hemicellulose was the treatment with 8.7% H2SO4 concentration and 90 minutes of heating time. The best treatment with 1 M H2SO4 concentration and heating temperature for cellulose was found to be 6.4% H2SO4 concentration with 90 minutes of heating time. The best treatment with a 1 M H2SO4 concentration and heating temperature for lignin was the 6.4% H2SO4 treatment with 90 minutes of heating time
Respons Pertumbuhan Bibit Budset Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) Varietas VMC 86-550 pada Beberapa Konsentrasi dan Frekuensi Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair (POC) Urine Sapi
Full text linkSugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important plantation commodity as the main raw material for producing sugar consumed in Indonesia. One of the varieties cultivated is VMC 86-550, but one of the technical obstacles to its cultivation is the slow and non-uniform growth of the seeds. Therefore, one effort to maximize the growth of budset seed varieties requires proper nutrition and contains growth-promoting hormones. Therefore, this study aims to determine the response of giving liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from cow urine to the growth of VMC 86-550 sugarcane seedlings using the budset method. To find out the purpose, this study used a factorial randomized block design with a concentration factor of LOF of cow urine consisting of five levels (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). The second factor is the application frequency which consists of once every 2 weeks and once every 4 weeks, so there were 10 treatments and repeated three times. This study used a completely randomized factorial design and was analyzed using ANOVA if there was a significant influence followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level using SPSS 20 software. Observation variables included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers, and root length of sugarcane seedlings up to 90 HST. The results showed that the addition of cow urine LOF had an effect on the growth of sugarcane seedlings, both from the concentration and frequency of application, but the combination of the two did not have a significant effect on all observation variables.Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is an important plantation commodity as the main raw material for producing sugar consumed in Indonesia. One of the varieties cultivated is VMC 86-550, but one of the technical obstacles to its cultivation is the slow and non-uniform growth of the seeds. Therefore, one effort to maximize the growth of budset seed varieties requires proper nutrition and contains growth-promoting hormones. Therefore, this study aims to determine the response of giving liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from cow urine to the growth of VMC 86-550 sugarcane seedlings using the budset method. To find out the purpose, this study used a factorial randomized block design with a concentration factor of LOF of cow urine consisting of five levels (0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%). The second factor is the application frequency which consists of once every 2 weeks and once every 4 weeks, so there were 10 treatments and repeated three times. This study used a completely randomized factorial design and was analyzed using ANOVA if there was a significant influence followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level using SPSS 20 software. Observation variables included plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of tillers, and root length of sugarcane seedlings up to 90 HST. The results showed that the addition of cow urine LOF had an effect on the growth of sugarcane seedlings, both from the concentration and frequency of application, but the combination of the two did not have a significant effect on all observation variables
Pengaruh Faktor Sosial Ekonomi terhadap Daya Saing Kelapa Sawit di Kabupaten Paser
Full text linkMany factors influence the development of oil palm, including socio-economic factors. Factors supporting success in oil palm cultivation must be considered as their contribution to the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil to be accepted in export-destination countries. This study aims to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors on the competitiveness of oil palm. This research was conducted in Kertabumi Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Data was collected in July-August 2023 with the questionnaires and interviews with respondents. Respondents in this study amounted to 65 farmers were determined using purposive sampling who members of the Bumi Subur cooperative in Kertabumi Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency. The data analysis method uses the structural equation model-partial least square with the help of Smart-PLS software to find out what socio-economic factors affect the competitiveness of oil palm in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The results showed that the innovation factor of oil palm cultivation and the factor of production facilities had a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of oil palm in Paser Regency, especially in Kuaro District, Kerta Bumi Village. This states that one way to improve the competitiveness of oil palm is to pay attention to the old factors of oil palm cultivation innovation, such as cultivating according to operational standards and environmentally friendly, to get an ISPO certificate. In addition, it is important to have complete production facilities by farmers to support oil palm cultivation and increase palm oil production.Many factors influence the development of oil palm, including socio-economic factors. Factors supporting success in oil palm cultivation must be considered as their contribution to the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil to be accepted in export-destination countries. This study aims to determine the influence of socioeconomic factors on the competitiveness of oil palm. This research was conducted in Kertabumi Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. Data was collected in July-August 2023 with the questionnaires and interviews with respondents. Respondents in this study amounted to 65 farmers were determined using purposive sampling who members of the Bumi Subur cooperative in Kertabumi Village, Kuaro District, Paser Regency. The data analysis method uses the structural equation model-partial least square with the help of Smart-PLS software to find out what socio-economic factors affect the competitiveness of oil palm in Paser Regency, East Kalimantan Province. The results showed that the innovation factor of oil palm cultivation and the factor of production facilities had a positive and significant effect on the competitiveness of oil palm in Paser Regency, especially in Kuaro District, Kerta Bumi Village. This states that one way to improve the competitiveness of oil palm is to pay attention to the old factors of oil palm cultivation innovation, such as cultivating according to operational standards and environmentally friendly, to get an ISPO certificate. In addition, it is important to have complete production facilities by farmers to support oil palm cultivation and increase palm oil production
Peramalan Produksi Kelapa Sawit dan Karet di Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Full text linkIn Indonesia, the plantation sub-sector has an important role in increasing state revenue through the exports of its products, besides the mining and gas sector. The most widely produced plantation crops in Indonesia are oil palm and rubber and South Kalimantan is one of the top 10 provinces in Indonesia with oil palm plantations. This study aims to detect the correct forecasting model for data on oil palm crops and rubber production in South Kalimantan Province and to analyse the forecasting results for oil palm crops and rubber in South Kalimantan Province using the double exponential smoothing method. This research was conducted for 8 months (March 2022 to December 2022), using observational data from 2001 to 2021. Double Exponential Smoothing Holt was used in this study by looking at the error value obtained with the smallest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). For palm oil production, the parameters α=0.8 and β=0.6 were the best parameters with a MAPE value of 8.05% and resulted in the forecasting of oil palm crops production in 2022 not increasing, in 2023 and 2024 experiencing an increase of 1%. As for forecasting rubber production, the parameters α=0.9 and β=0.9 are the best parameters with a MAPE value of 5.45% and forecasting rubber production in 2022 will increase by 1%, in 2023 and 2024 by 2%.In Indonesia, the plantation sub-sector has an important role in increasing state revenue through the exports of its products, besides the mining and gas sector. The most widely produced plantation crops in Indonesia are oil palm and rubber and South Kalimantan is one of the top 10 provinces in Indonesia with oil palm plantations. This study aims to detect the correct forecasting model for data on oil palm crops and rubber production in South Kalimantan Province and to analyse the forecasting results for oil palm crops and rubber in South Kalimantan Province using the double exponential smoothing method. This research was conducted for 8 months (March 2022 to December 2022), using observational data from 2001 to 2021. Double Exponential Smoothing Holt was used in this study by looking at the error value obtained with the smallest Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). For palm oil production, the parameters α=0.8 and β=0.6 were the best parameters with a MAPE value of 8.05% and resulted in the forecasting of oil palm crops production in 2022 not increasing, in 2023 and 2024 experiencing an increase of 1%. As for forecasting rubber production, the parameters α=0.9 and β=0.9 are the best parameters with a MAPE value of 5.45% and forecasting rubber production in 2022 will increase by 1%, in 2023 and 2024 by 2%
Pengaruh Klon Kopi dan Dosis Urea pada Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora L.) di Kebun Entres
Full text linkCoffee is one of the productive agro-industries in Indonesia, so care needs to be taken to use varieties and doses of fertilizers based on plant needs and environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the clone, dose of urea, and the interaction between the clone and the dose for Robusta coffee plants in the mother planting stock farm. This study used a split-plot design with coffee clones as the main plot and doses of urea fertilizer as subplots. The study showed no significant difference between clones in the growth of robusta coffee plants, where clone BP 534 was the best clone for plant growth. In addition, based on the study's results, the best interaction was obtained where the best interaction for increasing the number of leaves was between clone BP 936 and a dose of 15 g.plant-1. The interaction between clones and the best dose for increasing the height and number of branches was between clone BP 936 and dose 20 g.plant-1, and the interaction between clones and the best dose for plant stem diameter was between clone BP 358 and a dose of 20 g.plant-1.Coffee is one of the productive agro-industries in Indonesia, so care needs to be taken to use varieties and doses of fertilizers based on plant needs and environmental conditions. This study aimed to determine the clone, dose of urea, and the interaction between the clone and the dose for Robusta coffee plants in the mother planting stock farm. This study used a split-plot design with coffee clones as the main plot and doses of urea fertilizer as subplots. The study showed no significant difference between clones in the growth of robusta coffee plants, where clone BP 534 was the best clone for plant growth. In addition, based on the study's results, the best interaction was obtained where the best interaction for increasing the number of leaves was between clone BP 936 and a dose of 15 g.plant-1. The interaction between clones and the best dose for increasing the height and number of branches was between clone BP 936 and dose 20 g.plant-1, and the interaction between clones and the best dose for plant stem diameter was between clone BP 358 and a dose of 20 g.plant-1
