JAMBI MEDICAL JOURNAL "Jurnal Kedokteran dan Kesehatan"
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Perceptions of Health Workers on the Implementation of Polio Immunization in Manokwari District, Indonesia
No full textBackground: Polio immunization remains a crucial strategy for polio eradication in Indonesia. Understanding health workers’ perspectives is important for strengthening program implementation and ensuring optimal community participation.
Method: This qualitative study was conducted in Manokwari District in 2024. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 health workers selected purposively. The interviews explored perceptions, challenges, and strategies related to the polio immunization program. Data were analyzed thematically.
Result: The analysis revealed two overarching themes. The first was health innovation, encompassing knowledge, perceived susceptibility and severity, observability, and complexity of the immunization program. Health workers emphasized the importance of clear information and simple procedures to increase acceptance. The second theme was social communication strategies, highlighting the crucial role of interpersonal communication, health worker commitment, and family support in motivating communities to participate. Barriers such as misinformation and limited resources were also identified.
Conclusion: Health workers’ perceptions underline the significance of innovation and communication in enhancing community involvement in polio immunization. Strengthening health workers’ communication capacity and engaging family support are recommended to improve program effectiveness
Assessing The Impact of Color Vision Deficiency on Quality of Life in High School Students
No full textBackground: Color vision deficiency (CVD) is a hereditary visual disorder that limits color discrimination and may affect daily functioning, learning performance, and psychosocial well-being. Despite its prevalence, awareness and screening among students in Indonesia remain low.
Methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 672 high school students selected through a cluster random sampling method. Color vision was evaluated using the Ishihara 38 Plates test, and quality of life was assessed using the Color Blindness Quality of Life (CBQoL) questionnaire, covering health, emotional, and daily activity domains. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests.
Results: Of 672 participants, 24 (3.6%) had CVD, predominantly males (91.7%). The deutan type was the most frequent (75%). Students with CVD showed significantly lower CBQoL scores than those with normal color vision in health (3.50 ± 1.11 vs. 5.49 ± 0.54), emotional (3.64 ± 1.13 vs. 5.78 ± 0.35), and daily activity domains (3.71 ± 1.27 vs. 5.72 ± 0.45; p < 0.001).
Conclusion: CVD significantly reduces students' quality of life. Early detection, educational adaptation, and awareness programs are essential in supporting students affected by these issues and promoting inclusive learning environments
Risk Factors And Prevalence Of Internet Addiction Among Adolescents: The Role Of Parental Supervision And Psychosocial Influences
Full text linkBackground: The rapid development of internet technology presents both opportunities and challenges, particularly internet addiction among adolescents, which impacts health, education, and social stability. In Indonesia, over 90% of adolescents are internet users, raising significant concerns. This study aims to determine the prevalence of internet addiction and identify contributing sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 143 students from SMA Islam Al Azhar 8 Bekasi, selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a validated Internet Addiction Questionnaire and analyzed with bivariate and multivariate methods.
Results: The prevalence of internet addiction was 34.27%. Significant factors included frequent violations of parental internet usage limits (OR=6.70; CI 95%: 1.76–25.56; p=0.005) and lack of participation in religious activities (OR=3.31; CI 95%: 1.09–10.04; p=0.034), indicating that weak parental control and low religious involvement increase the risk of internet addiction.
Conclusion: Parental supervision, family support, and adolescent engagement in religious and social activities are crucial preventive measures. Interventions focusing on self-regulation, parental monitoring, and balanced internet use are recommended to reduce addiction risks
Hypovitaminosis D In Chronic Low Back Pain
Full text linkBackground: Vitamin D deficiency has been linked to various pain conditions, including chronic low back pain. The role of vitamin D for the health of the musculoskeletal system involves the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines that contribute to pain and the upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines that help reduce inflammation. Hypovitaminosis D can result from various factors, including age, low exposure to sunlight, dietary factors and genetic.
Objectives: This study aimed to determine vitamin D levels in chronic low back pain patients.
Methods: This research is an observational study with a cross sectional design. The population was all patients with chronic low back pain for more than 3 months. All samples underwent a total Vitamin D 25-OH examination using the Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA).
Results: This study found that the majority of participants are elderly women (73.5%) aged 56-65 years (30.6%). In this study 59.2% of participants had vitamin D deficiency and 30.6% had vitamin D insufficiency. Based on radiological examination, 34.7% had lumbar osteoarthritis.
Conclusion: Patient with chronic low back pain had low level of vitamin D. Adequate sunlight exposure, dietary intake, and supplementation when necessary are essential strategies to prevent vitamin D deficiency and its associated health risks in the aging population.
Key words: Chronic low back pain, Vitamin
Stem Cell As A Promising Modality In Chronic Kidney Disease Children Future Treatment
Full text linkBackground: End-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is the origin of chronic kidney disease (CKD), both in adults and children. The progression of CKD to ESKD often cannot be prevented, even with sophisticated and up-to-date medicines.
Method: Data search was conducted by searching for articles in electronic databases, namely PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Cochrane and Google Scholar.
Result: Based on the pathophysiology, the transformation from CKD to ESKD involves a process of fibrosis in the kidneys, which is extensive and persistent. Several studies in experimental animals have found that treatment with stem cells in liver cells can repair cells that have experienced fibrosis, this may be analogous to fibrosis in the kidneys. Through this library extract, we will discuss stem cells, as well as how to treat stem cells for CKD and ESKD in the future.
Conclusion: There are various variations in research results on the effectiveness of stem cell therapy in CKD patients. This occurs because of differences in the baseline clinical entity of CKD. Research on stem cell therapy in children has not been well published
Exploration The Multifaceted Role Of Vitamins In Epigenetic Regulation: Insights Into DNA Methylation And Histone Modification
Full text linkBackground: Recent research shows that vitamins actively regulate epigenetic mechanisms like DNA methylation and histone changes. Gene regulation, cellular differentiation, and disease development depend on these pathways. Aims: This review aims to synthesize current evidence on how vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K influence epigenetic regulation, and to elucidate their potential roles in health maintenance and disease prevention.
Methods: NCBI and ScienceDirect were used to search English-language literature from 2015 to 2024 for a narrative review. To capture vitamins' direct and indirect impacts on epigenetic pathways, selected peer-reviewed papers were qualitatively examined.
Results: Vitamin A affects gene expression via receptor-mediated mechanisms which modify chromatin structure. B vitamins provide methyl donors for DNA methylation and histone changes. Vitamin C cofactors TET enzymes and histone demethylases, supporting active DNA demethylation and histone acetylation. The vitamin D receptor (VDR) affects DNA methyltransferases and histone-modifying enzymes, regulating gene transcription. Vitamins E and K modulate oxidative stress and histone changes to stabilize the epigenome, which may benefit cancer treatment and metabolic regulation.
Conclusion: Vitamins' diverse and linked epigenetic regulatory activities are highlighted. These micronutrients may help prevent and treat cancer, metabolic problems, and developmental anomalies by maintaining genomic integrity and influencing gene expression.
Keywords: Vitamins, Epigenetics, DNA Methylation, Histone Modification, Nutritional Epigenetics, Gene Expression
A Comparison Between The 5:2 And 16:8 Intermittent Fasting Methods on Weight Loss in Overweight And Obese Individuals
Full text linkABSTRACT
Background: Overweight and obesity are conditions characterized by excess body weight, which increase the risk of chronic diseases. One of the main contributing factors is dietary habits. A popular intervention for weight loss is the Intermittent Fasting (IF) diet, particularly the 5:2 and 16:8 methods. This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the 5:2 and 16:8 IF methods in reducing body weight among overweight and obese individuals.
Methods: This research employed a pre and post test design involving 50 respondents, divided into two groups, and subjected to a 6-week intervention. Data were analyzed using the Paired Sample T-Test (for IF 5:2), the Wilcoxon Test (for IF 16:8), and the Mann-Whitney Test for comparison between the two groups.
Results: The results showed that the IF 5:2 group experienced an average weight loss of 3.38% (p < 0.001), while the IF 16:8 group had a weight loss of 2.28% (p = 0.000). The comparison between the two groups yielded a p-value of 0.081.
Conclusion: Both IF methods, 5:2 and 16:8, are effective in significantly reducing body weight. Although the 5:2 method resulted in a greater weight loss, the difference between the two methods was not statistically significant
The Relationship Between Carbohydrate Intake and Physical Activity with Body Mass Index in Medical Students
Full text linkBackground: The Body Mass Index (BMI) of medical students is influenced by dietary habits, lifestyle choices, and socio-cultural factors. The unique lifestyle and academic pressures faced by medical students make it essential to understand the relationship between carbohydrate intake, physical activity, and BMI in this population.
Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted among 102 medical students at Jambi University, selected through purposive sampling. Data were collected using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), a 2x24-hour food recall questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements of height and weight. Statistical analysis was performed using the Spearman correlation test.
Results: The majority of respondents had low carbohydrate intake (85.3%), moderate physical activity levels (52.9%), and normal BMI (44.1%). Spearman correlation analysis showed no significant relationship between carbohydrate intake and BMI (p = 0.3, r = 0.1). However, a statistically significant negative correlation was found between physical activity and BMI (p < 0.001, r = -0.43), indicating that higher physical activity levels are associated with lower BMI.
Conclusion: This study found no significant relationship between carbohydrate intake and BMI but identified a negative correlation between physical activity and BMI among medical students. These findings highlight the importance of promoting physical activity as the key factor in maintaining a healthy BMI
The Genetic Variation of Ace Gene Rs4343 Has Lack Association With Pre-Eclampsia: Case-Control Study In Jambi Malay Population
Full text linkBackground: The PE is leading cause of maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The etiology of PE remains not yet clearly identified, genetics contributed 20-40% of PE. The variation of the rs4343 gene was significant as a risk factor for PE and the severity of PE with effect sizes varying between studies. To the best of our knowledge, the association of rs4343 in the ACE gene for PE risk has not been reported to the population of Indonesia, especially the Jambi Malays. Aims: This study aims to reveal the association of Genetic Variation of ACE gene rs4343 with preeclampsia.
Methods: This recent study was case-control, 78 pregnant women matching based on age and pregnancy number participated in this study. The preeclampsia diagnosis is based on the criteria of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. The genotyping method was tetra ARMS-PCR. Bivariate statistical analysis was performed.
Results: The proportion of the AA genotype and AG genotype was slightly different between the two groups, but all GG genotypes suffered preeclampsia. The recessive model reported the GG/AG genotype has a higher risk of PE than the AA genotype (p-value 0.784; OR 1.16, 95% CI (0.40-3.41)). The allele model reported that the G allele (p-value 0.338; OR 1.59, 95% CI (0.62-4.14)) had a higher risk than the A allele. However, all those differences do not reach statistically significant.
Conclusion: Genetic Variation of ACE gene rs4343 Has Lack Association with Pre-eclampsia
THE EFFECT OF KARAMUNTING (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) LEAVES ETHANOLIC EXTRACT ON SPERMATOZOA CONCENTRATION OF RATS INDUCED HIGH-FAT DIET
Full text linkThe side effects of medication, especially cholesterol-lowering drugs, make people choose to use traditional medicine. The active compounds in karamunting (Rhodomyrtus tomentosa) leaves are believed to have the potential as antioxidants to overcome hypercholesterolemia and the effects of diseases related to male fertility. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of karamunting leaves on the spermatozoa concentration of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) given different extract doses compared to controls induced by a high-fat diet. This research is an observational analytic study. The karamunting leaves extract was obtained from maceration with 70% ethanol and evaporated with a rotary evaporator. There were 15 videos of male rats spermatozoa divided into three groups: the control group received 5% Na-CMC, treatment group 1 (P1) received karamunting leaves extract 400 mg/kgBW, and treatment group 2 (P2) received karamunting leaves extract 800 mg/kgBW administered orally for 30 days. Previously, rats were induced with a high-fat diet for 30 days. Spermatozoa concentration was calculated using the counting chamber method, observed on the recorded video media. There was no significant difference in the concentration of spermatozoa (p>0.05) and relative testicular weight (p>0.05) in the P1 and P2 extract dose groups compared to the control group. The ethanol extract of karamunting leaves did not affect the concentration of rat spermatozoa induced by a high-fat diet.