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COMPARISON OF VALUE ADDED OF WHITE PEPPER AND BLACK PEPPER IN EAST LUWU
Full text linkPepper is the main commodity South Sulawesi and is the main source of income for farmers. Potential that is owned, has the opportunity to increase product competitiveness in obtaining added value. The method used is a case study on the pepper business in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using value-added analysis using Hayami\u27s value-added method. The results of the analysis show that the value added generated by processing pepper seeds into powdered white pepper is IDR 197,218/kg, which means that for every 1 kg of raw material for white pepper seeds will be added IDR 197,218/kg, while the value added of ground black pepper is IDR 202,474/kg, which means that for every 1 kg of black pepper seed raw material, an value added of Rp.202,474/kg will be generated. The resulting profitability for white pepper is 56.35 percent and for black pepper is 57.85 percent. This shows that the processing of peppercorns into powdered pepper can generate profits of 56.35 percent white pepper and 57.85 percent black pepper respectively. The policy to increase ground pepper production has contributed positively to improving the regional economy, with the value added of black pepper and white pepper above 55 percent
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PECTIN FROM PASSION FRUIT (PASSIFLORA EDULIS L.) USING CHLORIDE ACID SOLUTION
Full text linkPectin is a natural substance found in most food crops. In general, pectin extraction uses mineral and organic acids, such as sodium hexametaphosphate acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, nit citric, and citric acid. The study aimed to obtain the concentration of HCl, which gave the best value for the physical and chemical properties of passion fruit pectin. This study was a completely randomized design. The tested factor was 400 ml HCl solution with five treatment levels of HCl concentration: 1 N; 1.5 N; 2 N; 2.5 N; and 3 N. Each treatment was repeated three times, and therefore 15 experimental units were tested. The variables observed were pectin yield, methoxyl content, galacturonic content, esterification degree, clarity, water content, and ash content. The results showed that the 2.5 N HCl concentration resulted a yield value of 27.47%, methoxyl content 5.20%, galacturonic content 121.62%, esterification degree 24.26%, clarity 14.65%, water content 4.37 %, and 0.54% ash content, so the 2.5 N HCl concentration was the HCl concentration that gave the best effect on the physical and chemical properties of passion fruit pectin extraction
APPLICATION OF WATER PROVISION ON THE GROWTH AND PRODUCTION OF SOYBEAN (Glycine max L)
Full text linkThe most essentials factor underlying water management are the characteristics of plants to water requirements, the amount of water given, the irrigation methods, and the characteristics of the soil in storing water. The research purpose is to identify and determine the best irrigation method, which can increase the growth and production of soybean plants. Knowing the best method of giving water/irrigation that is able to maintain soil moisture for soybean plants. The experiment used a randomized block design consisting of four treatments, namely: A0 = Control, A1 = Sprinkle Method, A2 = furrow method, and A3 = Flood method. Each treatment was repeated three times. The data were analyzed statistically and if there was a significant effect, it would be continued with an test of honestly significant difference. The results showed that the Flood method gave the best effect on almost all parameters of growth and production observations and the highest yield for production per hectare was 4.32 tons
HYDROPONIC VEGETABLE MARKETING STRATEGY IN PALU CITY INDONESIA
Full text linkHydroponics is plant cultivation that utilizes water media without using soil. The hydroponic vegetable products produced are diverse, ranging from kale, bok choy, mustard greens, and lettuce. This study aimed to identify internal and external factors that influence marketing and identify marketing strategies for hydroponic vegetables in Palu City. The results showed that the evaluation of the internal and external factors showed that the strength factor had a score of 1.85, the weakness factor was 1.26, the opportunity factor was 1.74, and the threat factor was 1.16. Thus, the highest score was achieved by internal factors (strength) of 1.85, and the lowest was the weakness of 1.16. Hydroponic vegetable marketing in Palu City is in the SO Strategy. In this condition, it has great power and great opportunities to market
AGRONOMIC STUDY OF PANICUM SARMENTOSUM ON OPEN DRYLAND AGROECOSYSTEMS IN PALU VALLEY: The effect of different defoliation intervals on several forage production parameters
Full text linkThe study aimed to compare several production parameters of Panicum sarmentosum at different defoliation intervals whose its benefit can add knowledge about the favorable defoliation interval of grasses as a feed forage source. The agronomic study was done in plot experiments comparing parameters such as number of tillers, percentage of flowering clumps, forage dry-matter (DM) content, forage DM production, and leaf:stem ratio as an effect of 3 defoliation interval treatments, namely; 4, 5, and 6 weeks with 3 repetitions. The effect of treatment on parameters was determined by the analysis of variance. Significant parameters affected by treatment were then further tested to determine the best defoliation interval between treatments by using the least significancy difference test. The results showed that the number of tillers, the percentage of forage DM content, the production of stem DM (kg/ha) and the leaves stems ratio were not affected by the defoliation interval. Defoliation interval significantly (P<0.05) affected the number (%) of flowering clumps, the production of forage biomass (kgDM/ha), and the production of leaf DM (kgDM/ha) of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb. grass. The one-year observation obtained on the productivity of Panicum sarmentosum Roxb. has not reflected the survivability and productivity of this type of superior local forage yet. 
CORRELATION ANALYSIS AND CROSS-PRINT BETWEEN THE SEVERAL CHARACTERS OF LOCAL GOGO RICE CULTIVARS (Oryza sativa L.)
Full text linkThe relationship between several characters of yields is very important for developing effective selection criteria. The total correlation between the result character and the result component may be misleading as a result of its relationship with other characters. Separating the total correlation into direct and indirect effects provides a more significant explanation of the cause of the relationship between dependent variables such as yield and independent variables such as yield components. This study aims to determine several traits that can be used to make selections indirectly and directly to increase the yield of upland rice. This research has been carried out on agricultural land in the village of Tamarenja (Kalama), Sindue District, Donggala Regency. Starting from August to December 2019, using a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven genotypic cultivars and three groups of cultivars so that there were twenty one experimental plots. The results showed that the number of leaves, leaf length, number of tillers, number of productive tillers, flowering age, thickness of seeds and weight of 1000 grains had a positive and significant correlation to yield. Flowering age, 1000 grain weight, and number of tillers are some of the characteristics that have a high direct effect and significant correlation to upland rice yield
CONTENT OF NPK HARA INGREDIENTS IN LIQUID ORGANIC FERTILIZER FROM VARIOUS TYPES OF RICE WASHING
No full textThis research aims to assess the NPK nutrient content of liquid organic fertilizers from various types of rice washing water. This research was conducted in September 2020 at Sidondo III Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency and the Soil Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University. This study was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments, namely P0 (without rice water), P1 (white rice washing water), P2 (white glutinous rice washing water), P3 (black glutinous rice washing water), and P4 (red glutinous rice washing water), the treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 20 experimental units. The observation parameters in this research were the observation of temperature, pH, POC color, and aroma of POC during the fermentation process as well as the N, P, and K content in the resulting POC. The results showed that the treatment with the addition of washing water for white glutinous rice (P2) produced the highest content compared to other treatments with an N content of 0.15%, but in the observation of P and K content, the addition of washing water for red glutinous rice (P4) gave the results. the highest with a P content of 0.09% and K of 0.14% but not different from the addition of washing water for white glutinous rice (P2)
Growth and Productivity of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharate Strut) at Various Planting Distances and NPK Fertilizer in Peatlands
Full text linkCultivation of cereals on peatlands has specific constraints. The use of fertilizers and planting methods is important in optimizing the growth and productivity of cereal crops, including sweet corn. This study aimed to analyze the need for NPK fertilizer based on the growth and yield of sweet corn plants at various planting spacings on peatlands in Rasau Jaya. The study was conducted on peatlands in Rasau Jaya 2, Kubu Raya District, for about 8 months. This study used a Split Plot Design with a randomized block design (RBD) as the basic statistical design. Spacing was determined as the main plot, which consisted of 3 levels: j1 (planting distance 75×25 cm), j2 (planting distance 75×40 cm) and j3 (planting distance 80×20 cm), with NPK fertilizer as subplots consisting of 3 levels: p1 (300 kg NPK/ha), p2 (400 kg NPK/ha), and p3 (500 kg NPK/ha). It was repeated 3 times for each combination. There were 5 plant samples as the unit of observation per plot. The study showed that plant spacing had a significant effect (? = 0.05) on the weight of the cobs without husks, the weight of the cobs with husks, the greenness of the leaves, the diameter of the cobs, length of the cobs, and weight of the cobs per plot. NPK fertilizer significantly affected root volume, leaf area, plant dry weight, and leaf greenness at =0.05; meanwhile, an interaction was found on the use of NPK fertilizer and plant spacing on the cob diameter. According to the results, sweet corn\u27s best spacing for growth and productivity was 75×25 cm and 80×20 cm. The best dose of NPK fertilizer was 500 kg/ha or 125% of the recommended dose. Planting spacing of 75×40 cm + NPK fertilizer 400 kg or 100% of the recommended dose and spacing of 75×25 cm + NPK fertilizer 500 kg or 125% of the recommended dose were the best treatment on the diameter of the co
MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUPERIOR PURPLE AND LOCAL RED CORNS
Full text linkBefore crossing plants, it\u27s critical to understand their morphological characteristics. Differences in plant morphological features distinguish the advantages of each plant. The objective of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics of superior purple and local red corn cultivated at the height of 22 meters above sea level, as well as their adaptability. Kalukubula Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi was the site of this study. The research took place between October 2020 and February 2021. A Randomized Block Design was used in this investigation, with two corn kinds as treatments: The experiment was repeated 16 times with purple superior corn and red corn, yielding 32 experimental units. The quantitative data was examined using ovarian analysis (ANOVA) followed by a 5% Tukey HSD test to assess the difference between the two corns. Plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, stem diameter, age of male flower appearance, harvest age, fruit diameter with husk, length of cob, number of seeds per fruit, the weight of kernel per fruit, and dry kernels production of tons/ha were all found to have a higher growth rate than purple corn kernels. The qualitative characters of superior purple corn kernels include: leaf veins and leaf bases are purple, stems are purplish-green, female flowers are white with anger, the husk is purplish-green, and kernels are purple-black. Local red corn include white leaf veins, light green leaf bases, purple stems, light green female flowers, purple husk, and red kernels
ANTHOCYANIN LEVELS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TORTILLA PURPLE SWEET POTATO (Ipomoea batatas L)
No full textPurple sweet potato is a source of anthocyanins that function as antioxidants, antimutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic so that it has the potential to be processed into various functional food products. The stability of anthocyanin levels in the product is greatly influenced by temperature during processing, where the use of high temperatures will damage and reduce anthocyanin levels. This research was conducted to determine the effect of processing and combination of raw materials on anthocyanin levels and antioxidant activity of tortilla products made from a combination of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L) and cassava. The research design used a completely randomized design, with the object of research being tortillas made from purple sweet potato obtained from Palolo District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province, combined with cassava obtained from the local market in Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province. The results showed that the anthocyanin levels of tortilla products varied from 5% (P1) to 19.63% (P5). There was a very significant decrease in anthocyanin levels around 68.26 - 91.91%. The amount of antioxidant activity was measured by IC50, wherefrom the research it was known that the IC50 value of tortilla products ranged from 242.68 to 155.66 µg / ml which indicated that the antioxidant activity of tortilla products was weak and even almost inactive. Based on the results of the study, it is indicated that the processing of purple sweet potatoes into tortillas is not appropriate because the processing is predominantly using high temperatures so that it can damage the anthocyanin content and reduce antioxidant activity.