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THE EFFECT OF COFFEE PULP BOKASHI AND LOCAL MICROORGANISMS OF STALE RICE ON THE GROWTH OF ARABICA COFFEE (COFFEA ARABICA L) SEEDLINGS
Get PDFThis study aims to determine the effect of coffee pulp bokashi and stale rice local microorganisms on the growth of Arabica coffee plant seedlings. This study used a factorial experiment, which tested two factors; namely bokashi coffee fruit skin in 5 dose levels, each: without treatment, 100 g/plant, 200 g/plant; 300 g/plant, and 400 g/plant; and local microorganisms of stale rice in 3 concentration levels, respectively: without treatment; 100 ml/L water; and 200 ml/L of water. The study results concluded that: Bokashi of coffee fruit skin at a dose of 400 g/plant had a good effect on plant height, the number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area, root volume, plant dry weight, and net assimilation rate on arabica coffee plant seeds. Local microorganisms of stale rice with a concentration of 200 ml /L of water have a good effect on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, number of leaves, plant dry weight, and net assimilation rate on arabica coffee seedlings. There was no interaction between the coffee fruit skin bokashi and stale rice local microorganisms on the coffee plant seeds
DIVERSITY AND DOMINANCE OF PLANKTON IN POND WATERS OF SOUTH BANAWA DISTRICT AFTER THE 2018 EARTHQUAKE
Get PDFSouth Banawa District is one of the areas in Donggala Regency which has the best prospects in the pond aquaculture sector because this area has the potential to produce milkfish and shrimp. The earthquake and tsunami of 28 September 2018 damaged most of the ponds in South Banawa District. This study aimed to analyze the composition, diversity, and dominance of plankton in fish and shrimp farming ponds in Lalombi and Tolongano Village. The diversity index (H ?) of plankton in the two villages, namely Lalombi, ranges from 0.3040-1.0769 (phytoplankton), 0.4385-0.4610 (zooplankton) and Tolongano, it ranges from 0.2219-1.2318 (phytoplankton), 0-1.3297 (zooplankton). The results of this diversity are included in the low community category, which means that the condition of the plankton community is unstable, so the condition of the community is experiencing environmental disturbances, caused by changes in the structure of the soil texture due to the earthquake and tsunami. The dominance index values ranged from 0.4227-0.9033 for and from 0-0.2778 for Dominance index values close to one mean that under current conditions there is a dominant type of but for the value was close to zero, which means that there was no species dominating the structure of the community. uniformity index values ranged from 0.1562-0.4957 and those for ranged from 0-0.9592
EFFECT OF SHADE LEVEL ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF ONION PLANTS FROM SEED
No full textThe purpose of this study was to determine the effect of shade level on the growth and yield of shallot plants from seed. This research was conducted in Lolu Village, Sigi Biromaru District, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi Province. The time of this research is from January to March 2021. This research was conducted using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) which consists of 5 levels of shade, namely N0 = No Shade, N1 = 9% Shade, N2 = 18% Shade, N3 = 38% Shade and N4=Shade 50%. Each treatment was repeated 3 times so that there were 15 experimental units. Parameters observed were plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers per clump, number of tubers per cluster, tuber circumference, fresh weight of tubers per cluster, weight of tuber per tile, tuber weight per ha and weather variables. The data obtained from the study were then analyzed using analysis of diversity (ANOVA). If the results of the diversity analysis show a real or very real influence, then it is continued with the Honest Significant Difference (BNJ) test at 5% level. The results of this study showed that the level of shade had a significant effect on the observed variables of tuber fresh weight, tuber weight and tuber weight per hectare, but on the variables of plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, number of tuber clumps and tuber circumference had no significant effect. The 18% shade gives the best shallot crop yields
DIVERSIFICATION OF HORTICULTURAL FARMING IN FACING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A CASE STUDY IN SIGI BIROMARU DISTRICT, CENTRAL SULAWESI
Get PDFEfforts to use land through cropping patterns or crop rotation, better known as farm diversification can be an alternative for farmers to maintain their farming during the COVID-19 pandemic. This pandemic affected commodity changes or changes in cropping patterns on farms cultivated by farmer. This study aims to analyze and describe the pattern of horticultural farming and the level of farmers’ incomes. The research was conducted in three villages in Sigi Biromaru District, namely Jono Oge Village, Lolu Village, and Sidera Village. The results show that there are no differences in the cropping patterns carried out by farmers in the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The cropping patterns include intercropping, multiple cropping, and relay cropping. The highest income per year is obtained by Jono Oge Village at IDR 12,054,600.00, followed by Lolu Village at IDR 8,099,262.40 and Sidera Village was IDR 4.416.600.00
EXPLORATION OF BEAUVERIA BASSIANA ENTOMOPATHOGEN ON LEPTOCORISA ACUTA IN RICEFIELD
Get PDFBeauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill is a fungus that infecting the insect Leptocorisa oratorius F. naturally in ricefields. This study aimed to obtain isolates of the entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana from the insects body of infected L. oratorius, which would later be used as biological agents in controlling rice pests. The exploratory research was carried out at rice production centers in Sidera Village, Sigi Regency and in Dolago Village, Parigi-Moutong Regency, Central Sulawesi. The laboratory tests were carried out at the Plant Disease Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University. Research methods include exploring L. oratorius insects infected by B. bassiana in the field, and then the specimens were brought to the laboratory for isolation and identification, calculation of conidia density, colony relative growth rate, and determination of viability. The results showed that L. oratorius was infected with the fungus B. bassiana in Sidera and in Dolago. Isolates from both regions had the same macroscopic and microscopic morphological characteristics, but had different characteristics of conidia density, colony relative growth rate, and viability
IMMUNE ORGANS AND GROWTH PERFORMANCE OF MALE LAYING HENS WITH USE OF EUGENOL CLOVE LEAF OIL AS A SUBSTITUTE OF ANTIBIOTIC IN FEED
Get PDFThe use of antibiotics as growth promoters (AGP) in poultry feed aims to stimulate growth and prevent disease. However, the use of antibiotics in animal feed has been banned spread of resistant bacteria which can be harmful to human health. The use of natural compounds, especially essential oils, as a natural alternative for antibiotics. The aim of the study was to evaluate the inclusion of eugenol clove leaf oil as a feed additive to replace antibiotics in feed on immune organs and growth performance of male laying hens. Experiment was designed in Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates. The study Animal used 120 DOC (Day Old Chick) of male laying hens. Treatments consist of: P1 = Basal feed; P2 = Basal feed + 0.005% tetracycline ; P3 = Basal diets + 0.5% eugenol; P4 = Basal diets + 1.0% eugenol; P5 = Basal diets + 1.5% eugenol. Variables observed i.e.: immune organs (thymus, bursa fabricus, spleen, liver) and growth performance (weigh gain, feed intake, protein intake, energy intake, feed efficiency). The statistical analyses were carried out using Anova and LSD test. Results were shown high significant (P<0. 01) effects on thymus (immune organ) and growth performance (weight gain, feed intake, protein intake, energy intake, feed efficiency) of male laying hens. However, no significant (P>0.05) effects on bursa fabricus, spleen, and liver (immune organs). Our finding suggest that the use of eugenol clove leaf oil as a substitute for antibiotics in feed, with a level of 0.5%-1.0% of male laying hens resulted similar response to the use of tetracycline 0.005%.
 
GEOLOGICAL MODELLING OF LITHOSEQUENT BASED ON DEM AND FINITE ELEMENT METHOD INVERSION OF VES DATA
Get PDFThe aims of this study are to develop interpretation of structural geology in lithosequent using DEM and finite elemen method based on VES data. This research was conducted on June 2021 untill January 2022 at Pasang District, North Toraja. Four main point location were selected and recorded in google earth. Those points were processed using software QGIS for developing 3D model, Saga-GIS for interpolated DEM and VES for generating 1D and 2D geoelectrical modelling. Data were interpolated using Universal Kriging method and analysed using IP2WIN software. The results of these research shows that Geostatistical Universal Kriging can be used for interpolating DEM in lithosequent Pasang Village, by using as the variogram equation and yield 95,12% determinations; VES method in geoelectrical resistivity can be configure into 2D and produce clearer modeling of pseudo-section; The synthetics data can be generated from field measurement data and interpretation of 2D VES; Result of synthetic block on geoelectrical data can be inverted using Finite Element Method and generated clearer data; By using these methods, the thickness of weathering layer in lithosequent Pasang Village can be estimated and modelling
THE DIFFERENCE OF BEHAVIOR AND MANGO FARMERS’ INCOME IN IMPLEMENTING OFF SEASON AND ON SEASON FARMING
Get PDFThe production of gedong gincu mango tends to be abundant lead to the selling price could decrease. Mango farmers in Jatibarang Sub-district had implemented off season farming as a solution to maintain the availability of mango production throughout the year which would have implications on the rising selling price. The behavior of farmers in on and off season could be different that may affect the cost, sale price and income of farmers. This study aims to analyze the differences behavior gedong gincu mango farmers in on and off season as well as its effect on their income. This research was conducted using survey method. The data analysis used a descriptive statistic, Mann Whitney tests and income analysis. The results showed no difference in farmers’ behavior in terms of fertilization and pruning frequency. Farmers in Jatibarang Sub-district as a whole have implemented off season farming so that there are differences in behavior in terms of the spraying frequency and applying paclobutrazol. Off season farming was more profitable than on season farming, with the average selling price reached IDR 25,200 per kg and average income of IDR 52,680,594. Therefore, off season farming could be an option to increase farmers’ incom
IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF RICE THROUGH THE PROCESS OF PARBOILED GRAIN TO BE HEALTHY RICE
Get PDFRice is one of the staple food in Indonesia which is easy to serve and contain high level carbohydrate, thus influenced the daily activities and human health. The aim of this research is producing low glucose healthy parboiled rice and obtaining the chemical content of Mekongga parboiled rice. This research was held Chemistry Laboratory of Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty, Tadulako University. This research used Mekongga parboiled rice which used completely randomized design with one factor, i.e. kind of treatments, P1 (water soaking with 300 C + steaming for 20 min), P2 (water soaking with 400 C + steaming for 20 min), P3 (water soaking with 500 C + steaming for 20 min), P4 (without water soaking + steaming for 20 min), P5 (without treatment (Control)). Water content, ash content, starch content and sugar reduction were observed in this research. Water soaking with 300 C + steaming for 20 min treatment showed the best result if compared with other treatments in water content level (9.28%), ash content (0.798%), starch content (65.71%), sugar reduction (0.71%), and amylose (23.75%)
ESSENTIAL COMMODITY CONSUMPTION: A STUDY ON FOOD CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE OF RURAL SOCIETY
Get PDFThe primary commodity consumed by people is reflected in the highest expenditure to fulfill it within a specific period, the dominance of expenditure in all consumption expenditures indicates the importance of commodities in all households\u27 consumption. This study aims to identify the dominant consumption patterns of food commodities using descriptive analysis of 6,178 households obtained through national secondary data from the 2017 national socio-economic survey (Susenas). Several commodities categorized by largest to smallest expenditure are the basis for determining the largest consumption expenditure as essential commodities. Based on the ranking of consumption expenditures, the three most prominent consumption groups were identified, namely: (1) rice, (2) rice with assortment of side dishes, and (3) fish. Rice, detected through 4,771 households, is the largest consumption commodity, and expenditure on this commodity increases in line with the rise in income, reflected in the mean value of expenditure which is higher in the increasing income group. The expenditure of rice with assortment of side dishes was detected through 3,150 households and had the same tendency as rice, particularly increased expenditure in the higher income groups. Fish consumption expenditure was detected through 3,488 households following the conditions for the two previous commodities, and expenditures increased with higher income. The increased expenditure on the consumption of essential commodities by income groups demonstrates that the tendency to consume is in accordance with Keynes\u27s relationship between consumption and revenue. The higher the income, the greater the consumption expenditure. However, to a certain extent, the specific relationship is that the proportion of increased consumption expenditure decreases with higher income. Based on the elasticity coefficient, it was found that three essential commodities were normal goods. However, the level of consumption sensitivity to rice and fish income was higher than for processed food. In contrast to elasticity, the tendency to consume processed food is higher; the share of the increase in revenue is used to increase consumption of processed food, compared to adding rice and fish. This finding acts as provisional evidence that food consumption has undergone a fundamental change to become more consumptive