International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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2006 research outputs found
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Implementation of Automatic Monitoring and Control System in Balloon Digester Type’s Biogas Plant from Tofu Waste Using Ultrasonic Distance Sensor
Get PDFBiogas plant is a name often given to digesters that treat waste or sewage into biogas. The monitoring system is an important process to know the quality and quantity of gas produced and understand the processes inside the plant to achieve the optimum process. The monitoring process can be carried out by measuring the volume of biogas collected in the gas holder and the concentration of biogas produced (especially CH4 gas). The manual method of monitoring and control system used a pressure gauge to estimate the volume of biogas. An automatic device was designed and tested for monitoring and controlling gasbag volume by using an ultrasonic sensor. This device measures the distance between the sensor to the surface of the gasbag and calculates it into volume. The sensors contained in this device had a good level of performance with a percentage error of 0.2% and a standard deviation of 0.32 cm. At the same time, the system design has a good level of performance to calculate the volume with a percentage value of 2.51% and a standard deviation of 0.18 cm. The designed system also has proper performance response, shown by the LED indicator turns off and the socket turns on when it reaches the setpoint. The results showed that the volume of the gasbag used in the plant had a maximum capacity of 102.984 kiloliters and a minimum capacity of 58.857 kiloliters, with a total filling time of 30.5 hours and a usage time of up to 12.5 hours
The Effect of Supplementation of Cassava Leaves, Palm Oil Sludge and Yeast in Kumpai Grass-Based Rations on Ruminal Fermentation and Gas Methane Concentration In-Vitro
Get PDFSwamp forage (kumpai grass), waste products from plantations, and agricultural industries are alternative feed for ruminants. To increase the value of its availability, yeast supplementation is needed. This study aimed to determine the effect of kumpai grass-based ration supplemented with cassava leaves, palm oil sludge, yeast on digestibility, rumen fermentation characteristics, and methane gas production. This study was determined using a Completely Randomized Design consisting of four treatments. The treatment is described as follows 70% grass + 30% Concentrate (P0, Con), 55% grass + 30% cassava leaves + 15% Concentrate + 0.05% yeast (P1), 55% grass + 30% palm oil sludge + 15% concentrate + 0.05% yeast (P2), and 55% kumpai grass + 15% cassava leaves + 15% palm oil sludge + 15% concentrate + 0.05% yeast (P3). Each treatment was incubated In-Vitro with a buffer solution (pH 6.9) and rumen of four replications (each repetition represented by three incubation bottles) for 48 hours at 39 ºC. The data obtained were analyzed for variance; if there were a treatment effect, the Duncan test can be further tested. The results showed that supplementation affected the increase (P <0.05) of dry matter digestibility, organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, total volatile fatty acids (total VFA), partial VFA, and total bacteria. Whereas, N-ammonia (N-NH3), the ratio of acetate-propionate and methane gas has decreased. It was concluded that supplementation of 15% cassava leaves, 15 % palm oil sludge, and 0.05% yeast in kumpai grass-based rations gave the best increase in the ration digestibility, total rumen bacterial count, rumen fermentation characteristics, and reduced methane concentration
Heat Flow Modeling for Controlled Focusing of Microwave Hyperthermia of Breast Cancer: a Computational Feasibility Study
Get PDFHeating the tumor tissue with an optimized amount of microwave energy is a promising combinational therapy, called hyperthermia treatment (HT), used with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. This combinational therapy has shown improvement in the survivorship for patients, and life after treatment. In clinical practice, radiation oncologists are still not using HT as a standard therapy because of some side effects like toxicity and hotspots on the surrounding site. To address this issue, optimal focusing of microwave on tumors, with minimal damage of surrounding tissues, is essential to avoid the side effects of HT. Our article briefly discusses on optimal focusing of microwaves on a tumor, computational feasibility study, and analysis of hyperthermia treatment. For the achievement of best outcomes, electrostatic modeling and heat flow modeling of 2D female breast models with tumors have been carried out. The finite element method (FEM) is used to solve the bio-heat equation at the tumor domain, consisting of radiation and convection-based boundary conditions. Obtained simulation results show that the highest focusing of radiation power on and around the tumor inside the breast has been given higher efficiency for hyperthermia. Our 2D modeling simulation results are helpful for improving hyperthermia treatment of breast cancer patients, with minimal damage to cells in the surrounding. Also, the article includes a mathematical analysis of hyperthermia and FEM modeling results concerning temperature distribution, heat flow, electric field intensity, electric flux density, heat flux density, and temperature variations in the breast tumor
Anaerobic Digestion of Industrial Tempeh Wastewater with Sludge from Cow Manure Biogas Digester as Inoculum: Effect of F/M Ratio on the Methane Production
Get PDFIndustrial tempeh wastewater contains high organic compounds that will negatively affect the water ecosystem's quality whenever discharged without proper treatments. Biological treatment, in particular, anaerobic digestion, is the potential to be an effective solution for eliminating that contaminant. Considering its advantages, especially to produce methane gas, a study to evaluate the anaerobic digestion process's performance to reduce the organic substances in industrial tempeh wastewater was conducted. Sludge from cow manure biogas digester was used as inoculum to foster an anaerobic decomposition process. Hence the particular focus was given to elaborate the effect of F/M ratio on methane production. With a practical volume of 4L each, controlled batch reactors were employed with several operational parameters (pH, COD, VFAs) to be monitored to understand the process. Results elucidated that methane production was closely related to the composition of the substrate to microorganism. The maximum methane production (8720 mL) followed by the highest organic reduction (67.7%) were found in F/M = 1.12. The measured operational parameters informed a sequence of the process involved in the complete anaerobic decomposition. Accumulation of VFAs, because of higher substrate loading, tended to hamper methanogens metabolism resulted in low methane production. In addition to that, inoculum from biogas digester of cow manure was proved to play a significant role in the anaerobic decomposition for industrial tempeh wastewater. This finding is essential for arranging an effective yet low-cost wastewater treatment for tempeh producers, which is a basis for further study
Ultrasonication Treatment Improves Butterfly Pea Flower’s (Clitoria ternatea L.) Anthocyanin Extraction as a Natural pH Indicator
Get PDFButterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is rich in anthocyanin, which can be utilized as a natural colorant. The color of anthocyanin changes based on pH values. Separating anthocyanin can be done by ultrasonication with ethanol solvents. This study aims to determine the effect of ultrasonication in butterfly pea flower extraction towards its yield, the value of pH extract, total anthocyanin, and color change sensitivity at different pH values. Butterfly pea extraction was performed with four different ultrasonication durations, i.e., 0 (without ultrasonication), 5, 10, and 15 minutes with five replications. The yield was evaluated using the gravimetry method. The value of pH extract was acquired using a pH meter. The total anthocyanin was determined by a differential pH method. Color change sensitivity was evaluated based on its red, green, and blue value (RGB). The study was conducted over 2 months. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a significance level of 5% and Duncan post-hoc analysis was used to evaluate the data. The results showed that the yield and total anthocyanin significantly increased as the ultrasonication duration increased and the color intensity became stronger. Whereas the value of pH extract slightly decreased with a longer ultrasonication duration. The best result was observed in 15 minutes of ultrasonication treatment with a yield of 71.03%, pH extract value of 6.69, and total anthocyanin of 16.99 mg/L. The extract also showed high color change sensitivity in different pH values, indicating its potential as a good pH indicator
A Value-Based Decision-Making Model for Selecting Sustainable Materials for Buildings
Get PDFNowadays, the earth faces problems and challenges from different circumstances due to the dramatic rise of urban modernization. The construction industry is the most contributor to climate change. Achieving sustainability in construction is complicated, but one of the most optimal strategies is selecting building materials with a lower carbon footprint. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the criteria for sustainable materials selection, rank and prioritize sustainable criteria, and developing value-based decision making. A mixed method was used to satisfy the objectives through an extensive literature review, surveys, and interviews with experts. The statistical descriptive was based on a scatter plot of mean and standard deviation, AHP judgment and Value-based decision-making using function over cost. There are two alternatives obtained in this study: Aluminum Composite Panel (ACP) and Stainless Steel. As a result, the suitable alternative for sustainable façade material is ACP based on value-based calculation. The tendency of choosing sustainable material depends on the stakeholders, owner of the building, designers, and others. The research is to show the way in selecting sustainable material by using value-based analysis. This study could expect to give feasibility and useful knowledge in solving problems and increase the use of sustainable materials in building construction. Future research may be conducted with different requirements for sustainable materials. AHP and Value-based analysis are structured technique that solves a complex problem easily using mathematics and psychology approach
Development of Eco-friendly Dyeing Process Based on Caesalpinia sappan L. Bark, Cocos nucifera Fiber and Leucaena leucocephala Leaves
Get PDFNatural dyes have begun to regain attention due to biodegradable nature and low negative impact on human health and the environment. Besides, the continuous development of color shades variants from several natural sources of newly available abundant natural dyes and their ability to produce high color intensity and high wash fastness has become a major consideration of their use in textile dyeing. This study has evaluated the potential utilization of Caesalpinia sappan L bark, Cocos nucifera fiber, and Leucaena leucocephala leaf as a single and combination natural dye material. In particular, the extracts of these natural dye materials are used to dye the cotton fibers by involving mordanting stages using alum and fixation using iron (II) sulfate, alum, and calcium oxide compounds. The quality of the resulting dyeing was evaluated by the intensity of the color and wash fastness against wet washing. The dyeing results showed the appearance of varied shades of color with the dominance of the typical reddish color of Caesalpinia sappan L. While the results of the analysis using Diffuse Reflectance Ultraviolet (DRUV) and the wash fastness using the staining scale method showed high color dyeing with the color intensity in the range 53.55% - 94.34% with wash fastness in the staining scale range 2 (less) – 4 (good). Specifically, in contrast to the behavior of dye AB, the AC staining scale increases with increasing dye C added (up to 50%) and decreases when dye C added increases to 75% (dye AC3)
Temperature and Humidity Optimization of Air Conditioner for Saving Electrical Energy Using Wireless Sensor Network Method
Get PDFThe consumption of electrical energy from year to year continues to increase. This is caused by the use of electrical energy and electrical equipment that inefficient. Hence, it is necessary to make efforts to save electricity efficiently. One of the efforts that have been made is research on the PPC (Programmable Power Controller) which functions as a controller for the use of electrical energy in the AC (Air Conditioner) device. Optimization of AC is also an effort to save electrical energy. This research focuses on technological efforts in the form of a room condition monitoring system design (temperature and humidity monitoring), AC mode setting scenarios, and room characterization for efficient use of electrical energy using the WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) method. The performance of the WSN sensor node as a monitoring device for room conditions which includes temperature and humidity has been successfully created using a temperature sensor, humidity sensor, signal conditioning circuit, and a programmed microcontroller. WSN sensor node results show that the DHT21 temperature and humidity sensor, which has a temperature range is 15°C-90°C, minimum humidity of 20% RH, and a maximum of 90% RH, testing works well. Meanwhile, the average time needed to carry out the node selection process until it is connected to the selected node when there is a default node, and no default node is 9.068 seconds and 9.968 seconds. Moreover, the implementation result of this device in the room area is in general, during working hours from 09:00 to 17:00, humidity conditions range from 30% - 75%, and temperatures range from 20°C - 40°C close to normal limits according to ASHRAE standard 55. In the next research, we focus on using the WSN relay to completely aim the function of the WSN sensor as a tool to reduce the electrical energy for monitoring and controlling the temperature and humidity AC.Â
Deep Learning-based Video Summarization
Get PDFWith the development of communication technology, many different kinds of media transmission have become popular. Among various media, video is the most popular media these days. However, users need to spend much time watching the whole video content. Due to the characteristics of video media, many users tend to playback video content quickly or even stop watching in the middle. Some websites provide summary images by capturing only important frames of video content, which is called a video summary. Users can shorten the viewing time by only watching the summary results. In particular, it is highly useful because content such as news articles or speeches can be delivered and utilized quickly. Since video summarization is a labor-intensive task, there is an increasing demand for research on automation techniques. In this paper, an automated process to solve the temporary problem of existing video summary techniques is proposed. The proposed method improves the existing video summarization methods that have been performed manually through human labor by developing artificial intelligence technology that can effectively perform content delivery using video summary automation. In the preprocessing process, the information transfer unit is partitioned using optical flow. In the following process, CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) is used as an in-depth learning method for feature extraction. The results show the efficiency of the proposed algorithm, and some future work will be given in the end
Development of Chemiluminescence Resonance Test System Using SiPM Front-end ASIC to Detect Na and K Ions in Urine
Get PDFThe importance of measure and control dietary salinity arises to prevent and control the disease. There are several methods to measure the dietary salinities from blood or urine. The blood test is an accurate but inconvenient method because patients need to be at hospitals and wait for a longer time. Urine can be collected at home, and the test is more convenient. A 24-hour urine test is more accurate than random urine (RU) may cause more human errors. For this reason, testing RU accuracy for application will increase the convenience of patients. A SiPM sensor system to measure Guanine-based chemiluminescence resonance test light was developed. An ASIC system was developed and packaged to a chip. A test board for the packaged chip was developed. In parallel, the layout of an ASIC chip was assembled with SiPM and tested in the dark chamber to understand the functionality. The ASIC chip was tested in various frequencies with the test board. At the target frequency, the ASIC chip achieved 870 gain, which is exceeding the goal of 100. The SiPM system was measured with an oscilloscope, and the output signal was as expected. The performance test was done at a very high frequency (100MHz) and achieved 80.5% detection compared to the original light source signal. The ASIC chip development was successful, and SiPM matched the specification of the target operation