International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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2006 research outputs found
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Efficient Placement of Pressure Sensors of a Sitting Cushion Stitched by Conductive Thread for Sitting Position
Get PDFIn this paper, efficient placement of pressure sensors is tested for correct posture under sitting cushion using conductive thread to connect the pressure sensors. Conductive thread Ada-641 from the Adafruit industries is used to connect sensors for the sitting cushion. In order to detect the correct sitting postures, an Arduino-based cushion seat with 16 pressure sensors is implemented. A conductive thread connects the sensors to accommodate the comfort of the sitting cushion. In order to test the efficient placement of the pressure sensors, several types of sensor locations are suggested to identify sitting postures. The least number of sensors included for a given type of pressure sensor location is four. Sitting posture detection with 8 and 12 sensors is also tested. The maximum number of sensors included in the experiment is 16. The efficient placement of the sensors is decided by comparing the detection probability of the correct sitting posture for a different number of sensors included in the sitting posture test. It is shown that the correct sitting posture can be detected 100% by using 8 sensors out of 16 sensors. The test results show a guideline for the minimum number of sensors required for reliable, correct posture detection. It is also shown that the performance of the sitting cushion with conductive thread type sensors is as good as the one with the copper wire connection
Analysis of the Information Transfer Rate-ITR in Linear and Non-linear Feature Extraction Methods for SSVEP Signals
Get PDFThe most popular paradigm in BCIs is the steady-state visually evoked potential (SSVEP) due to their advantages, such as the high information transfer rate (ITR), the time spent on users in the training phase, and the capacity to discriminate each stimulus. One of the most influential factors in the ITR evaluation is the feature extraction methods since these can increase the accuracy. Here, we compare nine methods for the extraction of features from SSVEP signals to identify those with better performance, according to the time window (TW), its technology (equipment and number of nodes), and the value of ITR. The study identifies two groups: the first one is characterized by presenting variations of correlated component analysis (CCA), which is highly used to increase the ITR due to its efficiency in classification and its capacity of response to reduction (TW), such as MsetCCA, IT-CCA, FBCCA; the second one are the representation special based methods that consider the non-linear nature of the electroencephalogram (EEG) signal such as TRCA, CORRCA, EMD, and VMD. The results show a considerable difference between these groups. The maximum ITR value for FBCCA was 117.75 [bits/min] in a TW of 1.25s, while the VMD method achieved 3120 [bits/min] in a TW of 1s, respectively. The comparison covers signals between 0.55 and 8 seconds, taking into account visual strain, the experimental environment, and other artifacts
Geochemical Analysis of Metal Minerals on Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province as a Connection part of Bukit Barisan Mountain, West Sumatera, Indonesia
Get PDFThe research area is located in Muara Lembu Village, Singingi District, Kuantan Singingi Regency, Riau Province. Located at coordinates 0°25'40.85"S - 101°17'50.82"E and 0°26'45.50"S - 101°19'27.81"E. The research area's landform consists of slightly structural steep, structural sloping hills, and low denudational hills. The study area consists of a rock unit, which is claystone units indicated by a thin layer that formed metal minerals because of the erosional process in several places, which the erosion process transported to the research area. It is supported by thrust slip fault, resulting in gaps at the weak zone and eroded minerals filling and changing the claystone composition. At the same time, the oxidation process occurred in the research area. The geomorphology and stratigraphy analysis results show three types: Slightly Structural Steep, Structural Slooping Hills, and Low Denudational Hills. The results of Genesis and Potential Minerals in the study area consist of carrier rocks from the Claystone Unit. The deposition process can be called Sediment Genesis. The results of X-Ray Fluorescence (X-RF) and X-Ray Diffraction (X-RD) tests showed that the highest minerals are silica (SiO2) with metal mineral potentials such as pyrolusite (MnO2), Muscovite (H2KAL3Si3O12), Graphite (C), Hematite (Fe2O3), Aluminum Oxide / Corundum (Al2O3), Manganese (Mn), Silver (Ag), and Titanium (Ti). This research showed the economic value in the form of iron and steel
Monitoring Coastline Changes Using Landsat Application in Batu Mejan Beach
Get PDFMonitoring Coastline changes is a very important task to assess and evaluate the condition of the coastal area. Accurate results of changes in coastline are very useful as a consideration in making decisions for coastal area management and planning for future coastal development. Therefore, coastline changes, both erosion and accretion were examined in this study. Batu Mejan Beach is selected as a study area. It is a tourism destination often visited by foreign and local tourists in North Kuta Beach. Its current condition is very poor because of the erosion that has occurred. The government has tried to build a sea wall for protection, but the structure has failed. Remote sensing is a method that can monitor shoreline changes more efficiently than taking measurements directly into the field. With the remote sensing method, changes in the shoreline at a certain period can be investigated. The remote sensing analysis method is used to extract coastlines from Landsat 7 satellite images in 2002 and Landsat 8 in 2018. Landsat was analyzed using a combination approach of threshold and band ratio methods of infrared bands and green bands. Image processing uses ENVI 5.3 software and ArcGIS 10.4.1 with the Quoted Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) extension to make transect shoreline calculations. The results of the analysis of the rate of change in the coastline along Batu Mejan Beach showed abrasion of 0.11-5.14 m/year and accretion of 0.29-0.84 m/year
Constructing a Model with Binary Response to Some of the Factors Affecting the Incidence of Chronic Kidney Failure
Get PDFChronic kidney failure has become a disease of widespread diseases and increasingly in our society and must take precautions and prevention of causes and identify the most critical factors that lead to the disease. Since the binary logistic regression response (0,1) handles such as the model, the researcher took a sample consisting of 100 people between infected and non-infected chronic kidney. The researcher considered three factors that affect the disease: sex, age, and blood pressure. The model of logistic regression was constructed, and the parameter was estimated using the Maximum likelihood. The significance of the parameter was tested through the Wald test, and the full estimated model was tested with quality testing. The researchers recommend using logistics models for flexible use and application in the medical, economic, and social fields. Study of a larger number of variables affecting the disease and linear Multi-collinearly through the method of partial least square regression. Spreading awareness and culture among the community in identifying the causes of the disease and how to reduce treatment spread. We reached that the pressure is a factor, which is in line with the medical terms of interpretation that the blood pressure affecting the likelihood of developing high blood pressure leads significantly to chronic kidney failure, and the low blood pressure leads to the disease at a low rate. Besides, the sex variable also has a role in this model and the probability of injury for males more than females injured, but age did not appear significant to these parameters
Biogeographical Distribution Model of Flowering Plant Capparis micracantha Using Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and its Ex-situ Conservation Efforts
Get PDFCapparis micracantha is a flowering plant species with a wide range of distributions. It is often used as traditional medicine by local people. This species is often overlooked due to very limited information that reveals about its conservation aspects. This study aims to update the distribution records and predict the potential current distribution of this species. Some new occurrence records were obtained through a direct field survey, plant inventory database, and reliable scientific papers. In order to gain more information about current distribution, Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) was applied to predict the potential current distribution of this species in Indonesia. Two algorithms of machine learning (SVM and GLM) were applied to produce predictive distribution maps. The models were built from occurrence records data and environmental variables (climate and topography). Area Under Curve (AUC) was used to evaluate the model prediction. The AUC value of those models >0.80 means those models have a good performance. The AUC value of those models is stated in SVM (0.86) and GLM (0.824). SVM and GLM have almost similar resulting predictive maps of current distribution. The predictive maps would be useful to give information about the regions in Indonesia that have similar environment characteristics and climate conditions where the species are observably present. This species has also been conserved through ex-situ conservation strategies, but the seedling growth of this species still remains a challenge
Development of Active Solids Activator (Pellet) Using Local Culture from Badung River, Bali to Enhance Nitrification Process of Goat Wastewater
Get PDFGoat urine wastewater that is disposed of without being processed will certainly cause environmental pollution. Therefore it is necessary to process the livestock waste. Processing goat urine into fertilizer needs to be done by converting ammonia to nitrate, or what is called the nitrification process. Nitrification takes place in two stages of oxidation, the first is the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite, and the second is the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate with the help of oxygen. The materials used in this study were (NH4)2SO4, K2HPO4, NaHCO3, Na2CO3, MgSO4.7H2O, FeSO4.7H2O, CaCl2.2H2O, ZnSO4, NaCl, H2SO4, NaNO2, KNO3, NH4Cl, Na2S2O3 (solution distilled water, filter paper, Rochell salts, Nessler reagent, N- (1-naphthyl) -ethylenediamine dihydrochloride (NED dihydrochloride) solution, sulfanilamide solution, sulfuric acid brucine solution, NPK fertilizer, glucose, urea fertilizer, TSP fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, cornflour, tofu dregs. Goat livestock waste, namely goat urine, was taken from one of the farms in North Denpasar, and sediment sampling was carried out in the Badung river next to the goat farm. According to the result, the best medium for ammonia oxidizers pellets was Ammonia Oxidizer Media II (media for pellet b) which was built of 10 grams of NPK fertilizer, 10 grams of glucose, and 5 grams of NH4Cl powder. Furthermore, the sample performed the highest nitrite removal with a pellet dose of 20% (w/v) (pellet b) and the measurement time at 18 hours, with an average nitrite concentration of three repetitions 2.3992 mg/L
Improved Rice Varieties Developed for High-Altitude Tropical Upland Areas of Indonesia
Get PDFSustainability of rice (Oryza sativa L.) production in high-altitude tropical upland is challenged by various abiotic and biotic problems. The main problems include low temperatures and blast disease. Farmers in high-altitude tropical uplands of Indonesia are still growing traditional rice varieties due to the absence of improved adaptive varieties. Development of improved varieties which are adapted to the high-altitude upland environment is therefore needed to increase productivity. This study aimed to investigate the interaction of genotype and environment of upland rice varieties across ten high-altitude upland locations in Indonesia and to determine their adaptability in the target areas. In addition, screening on blast disease and grain quality analysis was performed to characterize the genotypes. Significant interaction effects between genotype and the environment were observed for all agronomic characters. Genotype adaptability was determined based on the regression coefficient of grain yield and the environmental index. Genotypes such as B14168E-MR-10 adapted well in locations with low environmental indexes. In contrast, genotypes such as B11592F-MR-23-2-2 adapted well in locations with high environmental indexes. Screening using ten rice blast races showed that upland rice genotypes had a broad spectrum of resistance. Most of the genotypes had intermediate amylose content in the grains. Recently, the lines B14168E-MR-10 and B11592F-MR-23-2-2 have been approved to be released as new, improved rice varieties for high-altitude upland in Indonesia, namely Luhur 1 and Luhur 2, respectively. Both varieties are expected to be adopted by farmers in high-altitude upland to increase rice productivity in this environment
Simulation of Oil Spill Pollution due to Tsunami in Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFCilacap, located on the south coast of Java Island, is an “oil and gas cityâ€. Cilacap has many oil refineries, storage, and loading & unloading facilities. However, these facilities’ existence is threatened by the potential for earthquakes and tsunami in Cilacap because Cilacap is very close to the Eurasia and Indo-Australian plates’ subduction zone. The earthquake and tsunami waves can damage these facilities and cause secondary disasters, namely oil spill pollution. The first step to anticipate is to predict the direction and distribution of the oil spill due to tsunami through simulation and numerical modeling. This simulation and modeling used the TUNAMI model, hydrodynamic model, and spill analysis model based on the worst-case scenario (Mw 9.0 earthquake). This study simulates and models the oil spill in the west and east monsoons. Based on this simulation and modeling result, we know that the direction and distribution of the oil spill in the west and east monsoons are relatively the same and move more dominantly in the current direction. The spread of the oil spill caused by the tsunami was faster than the oil spill in general. Some of the oil spills spread inland more than 1 km north of the Teluk Penyu coast. The authors expect this study’s results can be used as material for preparing of contingency plans for handling oil spills to minimize negative impacts
Titanium Dioxide in Commercial Sunscreens: the Morphological Characterization and the Quantification
Get PDFDue to nanotechnology's advancement, the application of nanomaterials in commercial products, including in sunscreens, has been increased rapidly. Physical sunscreens employ Titanium dioxide (TiO2) or Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles as UV filter materials. Indonesian National Agency of Drug and Food Control regulates that TiO2 rutile polymorph, size distribution ≥30 nm, and maximum concentration of 25% are criteria for physical sunscreen marketed in Indonesia. However, most of these products do not indicate the detailed inorganic material information in the product ingredients, resulting in the increasing concern of nanoparticle’s risk to human health and the environment. Therefore, the size, type of crystal structure, and amount of TiO2 or ZnO must be closely monitored. In this work, we investigated the morphological structure of TiO2, including quantified its concentration in some commercial sunscreens marketed in Indonesia. TiO2 was characterized using different characterization techniques. XRD analysis revealed that some studied sunscreens employed anatase TiO2, which is not suggested to be added in a sunscreen product. HRTEM analysis proved that the sizes of materials in sample S1-S3 are below 50 nm, and silica-coated TiO2 was observed in S4. Quantification of Titanium using GF-AAS yielded Ti's concentration in the range of 1400-7800 µg g-1 (0.14-0.79%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report the physical properties and the concentration of TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in commercial sunscreen marketed in Indonesia