International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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Using Phylogeny Approach on Ethnobotanical Bioprospecting for Leading Antimalarial Plant-Based Drug Discovery
Get PDFEthnobotanical-directed bioprospecting has made a significant contribution to modern drug discoveries. However, merely relying on this approach may spend more expenditure, time-consuming, and lead exhaustive laboratory testing due to the tremendous data of medicinal plants used and the occurrence of placebo effect during traditional medical treatment. Combining the phylogeny approach with ethnobotanical bioprospecting may become new prospective tools to lead the plant-based drug discovery, including antimalaria. This study aimed to map the ethnomedicinal plants used by various indigenous cultures to investigate the clustered pattern of its antimalarial properties for future bioprospecting. The Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region sequences of selected 280 medicinal plants taxa obtained from NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) were aligned by MUSCLE multiple sequences alignments. They were further analyzed using the Maximum Likelihood Phylogenetic Test by MEGA X software to construct the phylogenetic tree. Our research revealed that the medicinal plant taxa for malaria treatment was clumped in several families, including Apocynaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Rutaceae, Fabaceae were strongly clumped along with plants used for fever in the Asteraceae family. Interestingly, our finding showed that these plants were clumped in the sub-family of antimalarial producing species, the Asteroidea. Furthermore, the strongly clumping pattern was also shown in the tribe Heliantheae alliance of this sub-family. This finding supports the predictive power of phylogeny for future bioprospecting to select the candidate taxa to lead the drug discovery
Real-Time Implementation of Starting Current Limitation Method for Cereals Milling Systems Using dSPACE R&D Controller Board
Get PDFIn this paper, a starting current limitation method of a cereals milling system powered by a photovoltaic micro-grid is proposed. Today, the milling system consisting of a locally designed hammer mill driven by an induction motor is recognized as an innovative and efficient cereal milling solution. For this purpose, they are increasingly being developed in urban and rural areas. Although they offer many advantages, they have some limitations, such as the electromagnetic torque oscillations and the high inrush current at startup. A starting current limitation method based on soft starting technique is proposed to mitigate these negative effects in the transient state. To develop the proposed method, the scalar control principle is used. The scalar control is a simple technique, and it is operated to control the voltage magnitude and the supply frequency. The proposed method has been simulated and compared to conventional direct-on-line starting to evaluate its performance. Simulation results show that the method achieves a predominant performance over the conventional, providing a significant reduction in inrush current while having a lower electromagnetic torque ripple. To validate the method in real-time, an experimental test environment was developed using a dSPACE R&D 1104 controller board, an induction motor, and a SEMIKRON converter. Real-time experimental results show positive feedback on the proposed current limitation method's efficiency and effectiveness by corroborating the simulation results
No Correlation between Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence Scores to Lipopolysaccharide Marker in Thai Smokers
Get PDFCigarette smoking is a combination of thousands of synthetic compounds that contribute straightforwardly or by implication to the addiction of cigarette smoking with inflammation, although a lot more may exist. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have unequivocally shown that variety in neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit α5 (CHRNA5) and in cytochrome P450 2A6 (CYP2A6) anticipated smoking substantialness, later period of smoking discontinuance.The relationship between the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and the Lipopolysaccharide marker in Thai smokers was proposed in this study.We investigated fourteen Thai smokers in Mahasarakham province who scored 4 or higher on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence. We provided them surveys about their personal information, administered the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, and continued the Lipopolysaccharide marker blood tests. The value of R in Pearson connection was 0.4438. Although it found a positive correlation, the relationship between Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence and Lipopolysaccharide level was weak due to no correlation. In addition, the value of R2, the coefficient of determination, was 0.197 (p=0.1119). Further studies are needed to investigate more the relationship between smoking and inflammation
Color Analysis of Batik Fabric by Facile Smartphone Colorimetry
Get PDFThe color of a textile material is the first attribute and key component considered by consumers while purchasing cloth. However, measurement of fabric color is a very challenging task in the textile fabrication process. Colorimeters aids this measurement by adding objective assessments to a generally subjective process. The colorimeter application in Android smartphones provides a simple alternative to dedicated colorimetric devices. The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of the smartphone colorimetry application for a Batik fabric color measurement. The colors of various Batik fabric images in the International Commission on Illumination L*a*b* color space, which includes all the colors that are visible by the human eye, obtained by a spectrophotometer and the colorimeter application were compared. Data of Batik fabric images acquired at three different distances of 10, 20, and 30 cm were analyzed. The color differences between the colorimeter and spectrophotometer results are various depending on the distance from the target. The ΔE*ab and ΔE*ch metrics were used to evaluate the color differences between the reference and sample fabric colors. The lowest mean of ΔE*ab values was 12.11 ± 5.29 measured 20 cm away from each fabric. The mean values of ΔE*ab between pairs of color symbols from the Colorimeter application were comparable to those obtained by the spectrophotometer. The ΔE*ab values were more suitable for fabric color measurement than ΔE*ch. The results indicate that smartphone colorimetry provides reasonable accuracy, is simple to use for amateurs, suitable for fabric color matching, and can satisfy fabric market requirements
Factors Affecting the Productivity of Swampy Land Rice Farming and Its Contribution to Household Income
Get PDFIndonesia's national agriculture strategy is to increase farming production through optimizing wetland farming, particularly in swampy land. However, the main problem is the labor allocation and productivity and its impact on swampy land farmers' total household income. This research aims to analyze: 1) the productivity and income of swampy land rice farming, 2) the Factors affecting the productivity of swampy land rice farming, and 3) the contribution of income from swampy land rice farming to the household income. This research was conducted in Awal Terusan village of Sirah Pulau Padang District in Ogan Komering Ilir Regency, Indonesia. By applying a disproportionate stratified random sampling, 90 sample farmers drawn from the population of both farmer-group and non-farmer-group members in the area. The result showed that the average productivity of swampy land rice farming of the farmer-group members was 2,741.45 kg, and the non-farmer-group members were 3,097.08 kg per hectare per year. On average, the farmer-group members' income was IDR 12,459,222.23, and the non-farmer-group members were IDR 10,662,689.58 per hectare per year. The result of multiple linear regression of Cobb Douglas type showed that the farming area's variables, outside labor, and institutional factors were significantly affecting the productivity of swampy land rice farming; meanwhile, the variable of family labor was insignificant. The contribution of income from swampy land rice farming to household income was categorized as low, subsequently for the farmer-group members of 20.54 percent and the non-farmer-group members of 13.83 percent
Morphological Characters of Local Origin Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Fruits and Seeds from Central Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Get PDFMost of the diversity resource of durian was reported existing in Central Tapanuli. Due to local durian potential, germplasm needed to obtain information on the potential for superior cultivars. Here, we report our identification of morphology characteristics to the genetic relationship of local durian to determine the best durian. This research applied exploration study, interviews, descriptive, and qualitative identification. Research data were grouped based on similarity values using cluster analysis. Results showed that each local durian from Central Tapanuli had similar morphological characters, especially in the vegetative phase. Characters that show distant genetic relationships are fruit length, fruit diameter and seed weight. Other characters that depict close genetic relationship were the color of the fruit stalks and thorns' presence in the fruit. Based on morphological characteristics, a dendrogram was drawn and formed into three clusters. The present study shows that 75 accessions of durian fruit detected in each location have a relatively close similarity distance. That similarity between durian accessions is influenced by interactions between genetic factors and the environment. This result can also be used for durian conservation aimed at collections as genetic resources to benefit durian breeding in expanding diversity
Using Pixel-Based Image Classification to Identify City Structure Development in Balikpapan City, East Kalimantan
Get PDFA city structure is a composition of forming a city. The shape of its city can characterize the development. City development must be sustainable, then the city structure formed must also support sustainable development. Pixel-based image classification is a method used in remote sensing to quickly and multi-temporally identify structures of development of the city. Balikpapan is a National Activity Center (PKN) that has a strategic location for national and international transport routes and, therefore, can accelerate the development of the city. The study aims to identify the development of city structures formed in Balikpapan from 2009, 2014, and 2019 by using pixel-based image classification and overlay analysis. The variables of this study are developed land, non-developed land, vegetation land, and water body. The study results show the development of the city structure by forming several core structures in Balikpapan, or called multi-nuclei, on city structure theory by Harris and Ullman in 1945. The built-up area dominates the development of the city structure, and development dominates from southern to eastern of Balikpapan City. The city center formed has a role as Central Business District (CBD), and the sub-city center created helps the city center to equalize sustainable development for a better future. The development of the city structure in Balikpapan provides direction to help adjust the city in the future
A New Approach for Designing of Computer Architectures Using Multi-Value Logic
Get PDFIn the last decade, we have seen how Moore's law has lost its validity because it has reached the physical limit of miniaturization of components and the problem of thermal dissipation increasing with the chip’s clock frequency. For this reason, multi-core architectures were born, and quantum computing is being looked at as a possible solution for more computing power. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the possibility to realize computer architectures using multi-value logic. The objective is reached when we are able to translate any MVL function into the corresponding MVL circuit. The method proposed is completely independent of the basis adopted in the MVL domain and the physical quantity used to represent or transfer the domain values. Thus, this approach provides a new theoretical and practical context for applying new technologies or polymorphic materials, which can represent multiple values. In order to give concreteness to the analyzed theoretical aspects, we will represent a case study based on a classical combinational circuit, the summing circuit using LTspice® XVII (© Analog Device Corporation) as simulation environment has been carried out. The results show that it is possible to build MVL combinatorial circuits, although there are limitations because the proposed solution is just a proof of concept. The method can also be successfully applied to sequential MVL circuits, which are not the subject of the present article
Preparation and Characterization of Type 3 Resistant Starch from Cilacap Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) Starch
Get PDFThe Cilacap breadfruit grown in Indonesia, possesses superior properties, although the application as a carbohydrate source is not very popular compared to other resources, including banana, corn, and cassava. Furthermore, they contain relatively high fiber content, hence the possibility of further development into beneficial resistant starch. This study aims to investigate the Cilacap breadfruit starch, and the type 3 resistant starch (RS3) produced at high temperatures, using a 3 cycle Autoclaving-Cooling method with strong acid hydrolysis. The autoclave was set at 100°C, 121°C, and 140°C, respectively, while the storage temperature was 4°C for 24 h and 48 h, followed by hydrolysis with 0.1 M HCl at 40°C for 24 h, and then neutralization using 1 M NaOH, at 4°C for 24 h. Therefore, both samples were evaluated based on chemical, functional, and physical characteristics. The results showed chemical changes in the Cilacap breadfruit starch converted to the resistant starch under similar autoclave treatment (100, 121, and 140°C). However, the extended cold storage (48 h) prompted a significant decline (p≤0.05) in carbohydrate, and starch levels, alongside increased antioxidant activity, insoluble fiber, and total dietary fiber content, compared to samples stored for 24-h. Furthermore, autoclaving at 140°C and cooling at 4°C for 48 h yielded products with the highest antioxidant activity (9.11%). Also, higher temperatures (121°C and 140°C), and subsequent storage at 4°C for 24, and 48 h causes an increase in the WAI and OHC values of native starch and modified the structure of the granule. The native starch has a type B crystal pattern
Integration of the CYMDIST – RT-LAB Platforms for the Real Time Analyze of Distribution Networks
Get PDFNowadays, one of the main challenges of electrical distribution companies is becoming part of the era of intelligent networks with computer systems developed in parallel with the electrical needs to obtain the entire distribution network simulations and models. The concept of automation must be implemented to carry out the planning, operation, and optimization processes of the behavior of the distribution networks. Thanks to this development, since 2004, the implementation of the simulation and the CYMDIST modeling system in Ecuador's electrical companies has been possible; nevertheless, with certain dynamic limitations in real-time. Therefore, this document presents the development of an interface that integrates the RT-LAB real-time simulation software to the CYMDIST environment, using the 34 node IEEE model. This proposed integration model will allow evaluating and validating the correct communication between the computer packages and examining the behavior of the proposed system under certain test scenarios that guarantee optimal performance by performing a load flow analysis that provides magnitude and angle values both in voltage and current. The results obtained were very close in levels of precision of the model, and it can be appreciated employing the proposed graphical interface. Furthermore, with this investigation, the possibility remains open for future investigations in which it is complemented with more detailed and complex analyzes