International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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Evaluating the Potential of the Malaysian Borneo Sarawak Acacia mangium Honey and Australian Honey as Prebiotic towards Mixed Culture Probiotics of Bifidobacteria animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Get PDFHoney is an ancient food that is preferable as a health supplement. It contains oligosaccharides which made it an interesting candidate as a putative prebiotic. Hence, this study aims to evaluate the potential of Malaysian Borneo Sarawak Acacia mangium honey as a prebiotic source for the mixed culture of probiotics (Microflora of large intestines); Bifidobacteria animalis, and Lactobacillus acidophilus in an in vitro fermentation system. The outcome was compared with the Multiflora Australian honey and glucose, thus, to determine the potential of Acacia mangium honey oligosaccharides as a prebiotic in both extracted and non-extracted substrates. The mixed culture was able to grow on MRS agar by feeding the extracted oligosaccharides from the honey. Both non-extracted honeys resulted a significant bacterial count (CFU/mL) compared to the extracted samples. The non-extracted substrate showed higher spectrophotometer absorbance for in vitro fermentation of 24 h compared to the extracted substrate. Acacia mangium honey obtained 0.6418 Abs600nm, whilst Australian honey was found to be 0.7746 Abs600nm and glucose, 0.331 Abs600nm. The enumeration of probiotics showed that all samples tested significantly increased bacterial count (CFU/mL) at 24 h fermentation period. Acacia mangium honey acquired 900 CFU/mL. However, the Australian honey achieved 2605 CFU/mL. The extract (oligosaccharides) of Acacia mangium honey (445 CFU/mL) contributes to a higher bacterial count than glucose (410 CFU/mL), yet no significant difference from Australian honey extract (448 CFU/mL). Thus, Acacia mangium honey has the potential to be prebiotic for mixed cultures of Bifidobacteria animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus
Effect of Planting Season in the Crop Production in Indian States
Get PDFAs the population grows and meets the demand for food, it is necessary to increase the production rate. This can be done by choosing the proper season for the crop and employing the cultivation land. The data analysis study is conducted on 124 crop varieties in the 33 Indian states in different weather conditions. The data analysis used a two-factor experimental design. The data analysis helps the farmer select the crop in the region and weather conditions that can have more productivity results. The study shows that the Kharif and Rabi season is the most favorable season for agriculture. Other than these seasons, agricultural activities are also done in summer, winter, autumn, and the whole year. The yield from the crops based on the seasonal weather information is a challenge in the agricultural sector. Amongst the variety of fruits, vegetables, seeds, and nuts, the majorly grown are pulses in all the states, rice has the largest producers. Data analysis is an important concept to understand the data wisely. This study helps the smallholder farmer in decision making to increase crop productivity due to climate risk and trends. There is a vulnerability in agricultural production due to a change in weather conditions. This can arise from food security issues if proper knowledge of crop selection is not done
The Potential of Micro-hydro Power Cascade in Irrigation Channel of Kalibawang, Indonesia
Get PDFIndonesia's program and regulation on the national New and Renewable Energy Policy mix target are at least 23% by 2025 and 31% by 2050 to increase the role of NRE to energy security and self-sufficiency in energy. The government's plan Energy sourced from hydropower, mini micro-hydro installed 20,960 MW in 2030 and 45,379 MW in 2050. The construction of dams on the river can have an impact on the backwater and the environment. Construction of micro-hydro in existing irrigation channels is an environmentally friendly solution. In this study, Identification of Potential Head (∆H) in Irrigation Channels used an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) DJI Phantom 4. DEM data processing was to produce contours at 7 potential micro-hydro location points. Data Flow Duration Curve (FDC) determined the mainstay discharge of 5 m3/s with a probability of 85%. Discharge analysis from secondary irrigation data for 11 years (2009-2019). The results of this study found the Head potential P1 ∆H 15 m 625 kW, P2 ∆H 1.5 m 63 kW, P3 ∆H 5 m 208 kW, P4 ∆H 3 m 125 kW, P5 ∆H 8 m 333kW, P6 ∆H 7 m 291 kW, P7 ∆H 3.5 m 146 kW and total micro-hydro potential along Kalibawang irrigation channel reaches 1.8 MW. Special Result found the Microhydro Blumbang-Kedungrong Cascade (P5-P6) ∆H 15 m 600 kW with proposed Kaplan turbine S-Type and service area to increase from 135 to 720 homes in 2 sub-districts
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Flat-Plate Solar Collector with Different Geometric Variations in the Superficial Section
Get PDFNowadays, there is an increasing need for improving the inefficient ways for obtaining thermal energy from renewable sources to fulfil the industrial and typical needs in heat transfer processes that may be covered using solar assisted heat pumps due to their appropriate performance in the thermal energy transfer process. To improve the efficiency of the collector/evaporator by increasing the heat flux to the refrigerant, in this research, a numerical and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis is conducted with geometrical variations in the surface section of a collector/evaporator. The performance was compared to the results of a base case, replicating its limit and environmental conditions such as the initial temperature of 5.5 °C, incident solar radiation of 464.1 W·m-2, the operating temperature of 17.6 °C and other parameters. The surface geometrical variations involved in this study show a surface area similar to the base case. However, different lengths of the fluid path were considered due to the new geometrical shapes represented with less thermal resistances and correct distribution of the fluid in the collector/evaporator, obtaining temperature variations of 3.78, 5.47, 5.56 °C and a maximum value of 5.63 °C, including the corresponding variation of the heat flux. Considering the geometric changes in the superficial section of a flat-plate solar collector, it is possible to implement these variations in different kinds of heat exchangers in order to analyze the efficiency in these devices and the impact in the global systems where the heat exchangers are used
Comparison of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC) as Filler for Sago/Citric Based Bioplastic by Response Surface Methodology
Get PDFBioplastic material has emerged as one solution to the environmental problem caused by commercial plastic. Several raw materials have been used for bioplastic production, such as cassava, potato, and sago starch. This research focused on studying the effect of fillers and plasticizers variation to tensile strength and its morphology by using sago starch/citric acid-based bioplastic. The comparison of sorbitol and glycerol role as the plasticizer and microcrystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose as fillers were observed. This study was conducted by mixed and heated sago starch and fillers together. Then, citric acid and plasticizers were employed in the mixture solution. Next, the mixture was heated for 24 h then molded. The concentration of fillers, plasticizers, and citric acid were used as an independent variable which the interaction among them were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on Central Composite Design (CCD). ASTM D822 evaluated tensile strength, and the morphological analysis was observed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the highest tensile strengths were 8.23 MPa for the glycerol and CMC process and 15.84 MPa for the sorbitol and MCC process. It was found that sorbitol and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) increased the value of tensile strength twofold more than other fillers and plasticizers. As for the response surface method, the results describe the significant interaction between plasticizer and filler. It showed the tendency of increasing the concentration of fillers and citric acid decreased the tensile strength
Classification of Acute Myeloid Leukemia Subtypes M1, M2 and M3 Using K-Nearest Neighbor
Get PDFLeukemia is a malignant disease caused by the massive and rapid development of white blood cells in the bone marrow. These excessive white blood cells begin to interfere with the body’s mechanism rather than fighting infection. Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is one of the four main types of leukemia with eight subtypes, M0 to M7. AML M1, M2, and M3 have similarities, making them more difficult to distinguish from the other types. Furthermore, they are usually identified by calculating the ratio of myeloblast, promyelocyte, and monoblastic. This research aims to apply the k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) in classifying these cell types. k-NN is an algorithm used for classification based on a similarity measure. In cases of finding the best number of neighborhoods, trial and error were conducted. The features needed for classification are cell area, perimeter, roundness, nucleus ratio, mean and standard deviation. Four distance metrics such as Euclidean, Manhattan, Minkowski, and Chebyshev were used in this research. The results show that the Euclidean, Manhattan, Chebyshev, and Minkowski distance successfully identified 207 out of 300 objects at K=18, 197 out of 300 objects at K=13, 209 out of 300 correct objects at K=9, and 210 out of 300 objects at K=7. In conclusion, Minkowski was chosen as the best distance metric for KNN in classifying leukemia-forming blood cells. Furthermore, the accuracy, recall, and precision values of KNN with Minkowski distance obtained from 5-fold cross-validation were 80.552%, 44.145%, and 42.592%, respectively
The Comparison of Erosion Rates in Grassland, Teak Forest, Crops Land, and Gliricidia Forest Plantation in Wanagama Edu Forest
Get PDFWanagama forest is an integral part of a nearby village. This forest is left unprotected, so local people can easily enter the forest area to take non-timber forest products, including cropland and grass. The increasing demand for grass for feeding the cattle in Wanagama resulted in a larger area of grassland. Therefore, it is highly important to review and measure the erosion rate of the grassland compared to other land uses. This research aims to measure the erosion rates of four land uses and determine the correlation between rainfall and erosion at those four land uses: grassland, teak forest, crops land, and Gliricidia forest plantation. In measuring the erosion rates, this research uses four plots of 22 x 4 meters established at those four land uses. Each plot has two drums at the outlet. We took the erosion samples at every single rainfall event. To investigate the rainfall, there were two ombrometers installed in the field. The results show that the grassland has the lowest erosion rate (0.45 tons/ha) compared to a teak forest (0.5 tons/ha), crops land (0.84 tons/ha), and Gliricidia plantation forest (1.66 tons/ha). The rainfall has a positive coefficient correlation to erosion; the lowest was in grassland (r = 0.723), followed by teak forest (r = 0.828), Gliricidia (r = 0.830), and Crops land (0.873). The higher the rainfall depth will result in the higher erosion rate at the four land uses
Effect of Thermomechanical Treatment on Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Titanium Alloy Ti-6AL-4V ELI for Orthopedic Applications
Get PDFTraffic accidents and osteoporosis significantly contribute to the incidence of fractures in Indonesia, increasing the need for orthopedic implant materials, such as titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V ELI, which has good biocompatibility and availability in the market. However, its strength needs to be increased through thermomechanical treatment to maintain its durability. In this study, such treatment was applied with a combination of solution heat treatment at 950°C and a 1-hour holding time, followed by, subsequently, rapid cooling using water quenching, plastic deformation with deformation variations of 10%, 20%, and 30%, and aging treatment at a temperature of 550°C and holding time for 1.5 hours. The material surface microstructure was observed using an Olympus GX71 optical microscope; the chemical composition was measured using Electron dispersive X-ray, and; the hardness was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester. All data obtained were then analyzed to determine the effect of thermomechanical treatment on the increase and changes in the tested material’s hardness and microstructure, respectively. The results showed that thermomechanical treatment could increase the hardness of Ti-6Al-4V ELI, as expressed by the equation HVN = 135ε + 381.5, with a correlation coefficient of 0.991. Hence, it could be concluded that thermomechanical treatment can increase the hardness of Ti-6Al-4V ELI and, finally, change its microstructure, indicating an increase in the α phase. Therefore, Ti-6Al-4V ELI treated with thermomechanical treatment can be an alternate material in orthopedic implant applications
Prediction of Land Cover and Land Surface Temperature in Kuta Selatan Sub-district, Bali Province
Get PDFKuta Selatan Sub-district has experienced changes in land cover due to the development of urbanization in recent years. One of the main problems caused by the progress of this development is the Land Surface Temperature (LST), which can cause several issues such as adverse socio-economic and environmental impacts on the urban population. This study provides information for the future urban developer by considering the implications of future temperature growth for city dwellers' thermal comfort, which should assist in developing and implementing management strategies to reduce the effects of urban heat. We used Landsat 7 ETM + and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS as data sources for spatial-temporal analysis of land cover and LST in Kuta Selatan Sub-district for 2006, 2015, 2020 and their predictions in 2033 using the CA-Markov model. The results showed that the built-up area and LST in 2033 experienced a significant increase in space and distribution in Jimbaran, Benoa, Tanjung Benoa, and the mean LST in Kuta Selatan Sub-district would increase, from 25.63°C in 2006 to 33.07°C in 2033. Built-up areas and bare soil produce higher LST than vegetation and water bodies. Thus, vegetation and water bodies play an essential role in LST mitigation. Based on these results, in the future, LST in Kuta Selatan Sub-district will be warmer compared to the present
Soft Set Multivariate Distribution for Categorical Data Clustering
Get PDFClustering is the process of breaking down a huge dataset into smaller groups. It has been used in some field studies including pattern recognition, segmentation, and statistics with remarkable success. Clustering is a technique for dividing multivariate datasets into groups. No inherent distance measure on data category makes clustering data more challenging than numerical data. Data category can be assumed following the data from a multinomial distribution. Thus, the standard model parametric model can be used in latent class clustering based on the independent product of multinomial distributions. Meanwhile, multi-valued attributes on the categorical data can be decomposed into the standard set on a multi soft set. In this paper, a clustering technique based on soft set theory is proposed for categorical data through a multinomial distribution. The data will be represented as a multi soft set which is every soft set has its probability of being a member of the cluster. The data with the highest probability will be assigned as the member of the cluster. The experiment of the proposed technique is evaluated based on the Dunn index with regard to the number of clusters and response time. The experiment results show that the proposed technique has the lowest response time with high stability compared to baseline techniques. This study recommends a maximum number of clusters in implementation on the real data.Â