International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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Investigating the Relationship between the Influencing Fire Factors and Forest Fire Occurrence in the Districts of Rompin, Pekan, and Kuantan in the State of Pahang, Malaysia, Using Google Earth Engine
Get PDFForest fires pose a significant threat to ecosystems and human livelihoods. Understanding the role of climatic factors in fire occurrence is crucial for effective fire management and prevention. This study analyses the influences of temperature, precipitation, and wind speed on fire incidents in the districts of Rompin, Pekan, and Kuantan in Pahang, Malaysia. The investigation is motivated by newspaper articles dated early March 2021, which report that the fires in these districts were triggered by an extended period of hot and dry conditions, as highlighted by the Director of the Fire and Rescue Department of Pahang, Malaysia. However, no further investigation or detailed discussion has been deliberated. By examining the historical climatic data and fire incidents, this study aims to investigate the relationships between these climatic variables and fire occurrences. The results reveal that higher temperatures and lower precipitation are associated with increased fire susceptibility due to reduced soil moisture. In contrast, wind speed does not appear to impact fire spread significantly. These findings will undoubtedly provide valuable insights into the complex interactions between climatic variables and regional fire incidents, enabling policymakers and fire management authorities to develop targeted fire prevention and mitigation strategies
Suburban Development Model: A Transformation Determinant Perspective on Settlement Densification in Makassar City, Indonesia
Get PDFThe growth of settlement areas experienced a pattern of densification and was followed by physical spatial, residential, economic, and sociocultural transformations. Given the importance of conceptualizing development models and modeling the relationship between densification and transformation in peri-urban settlements, this study aims to analyze the factors that determine the densification and physical transformation of residential areas, the effect of transformation on densification, and the suburban development model. This study uses a quantitative survey method with 391 samples in the settlement community of Bumi Tamalanrea Permai and its surroundings. The data were analyzed simultaneously using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach with the help of partial least squares (PLS) software. The results showed that spatial transformation and physical residential determined densification with an R2 value of 0.466, or 46.6%, while spatial, economic, and sociocultural transformation determined physical residential with an R2 value of 0.47.8, or 47.8%. The urban development model determines the spatial and physical transformation of housing that encourages an increase in residential units with designations for the middle and upper economic communities with the growth of affordable housing and luxury housing vertically and horizontally. The settlement transformation model determines the spatial and socioeconomic transformation process that encourages increased activity and interaction in new socioeconomic spaces. The results of this research will assist in formulating urban development sector policies for realizing suburban sustainability
Bird Species Recognition System with Fine-Tuned Model
Get PDFA bird recognition system identifies bird species by combining computer vision and machine learning techniques to categorize different bird species with high accuracy. Moreover, the bird species recognition system represents a significant advance in animal protection and zoological research, especially for the rare and elusive bird species living in the jungle. This work focuses on an image-based system for bird species recognition. In bird species recognition, users input the bird images, and the system uses a deep learning model trained for optimal results in identifying different bird species from the images. We used fine-tuned deep learning models (Inception-V3 and EfficientNet-B4) to evaluate and determine which model can best perform image-based bird species recognition. Several unique datasets were used to evaluate and determine which model was best suited for image-based bird species recognition. These datasets consist of CUB -200-2011, Kaggle-510 bird species, 325 bird species, and a self-generated dataset (100 bird species from Malaysia). When applied to these four different datasets, the experimental results clearly show the advantage of fine-tuning the deep learning models. This study makes an important contribution to ornithology by providing a robust and trustworthy method for identifying and cataloging bird species, especially those that are rarely seen in the wild. Thus, the bird identification system is important for scientific research and animal welfare
Feasibility Study on the Development of a Pico-hydro Power Plant for Village Electricity Using a Centrifugal Pump as Turbine (PAT) Prime Mover
Get PDFThe need for electrical energy increases yearly; this study aims to analyze the feasibility of constructing a pico-hydro power plant in remote villages that do not yet have a power grid using a centrifugal pump as a turbine. The results of the analysis of technical aspects get information that there are about 25 houses that require electrical energy. The electrical power requirement of each house is about 100 W, which is used for lighting with five energy-efficient LED lamps of 20 W each. After adding street lighting and power losses to the network of about 500 W, the total electrical power needed is around 3000 W. A pico-hydro power generation system can meet the 3000 W power with a potential power of 5 kW and an effective turbine power of 3.51 kW. The water discharge requirement for the turbine is 104 liters/s, the turbine rotational speed is 543 rpm, the generator rotation speed is 1500 rpm, the specific speed is 133, the PAT runner diameter is 8 inches, and the distance from the power plant to the resident's house is 150 m, network losses 8 V, and the household electricity voltage is 210.45 V. The results of the technical aspect analysis show that the pico-hydro power plant is considered feasible to be built. The results of this analysis are the initial stage of feasibility study activities and can be continued with analysis from other aspects such as financial, economic, social, and environmental aspects
The Impact of Online Transportation Services on Indonesian Urban Non-Working Trip Volume and Distribution Pattern: A Case Study in Bandung City
Get PDFThe development of digital technology has made it much easier for most people to access online communication through smartphones. Such a phenomenon has encouraged operators to develop an online transportation service system, which has also been growing in Indonesian urban areas. The urban community accepts the new alternative of the application-based transportation system since it offers a much more efficient way to reach transportation services. Moreover, the online transportation system also offers a much wider range of destination locations. It is believed that the creation of an application-based transportation service system will affect metropolitan areas' social and economic conditions and how urban communities’ travel. The development of this application-based transportation service would change the configuration of urban non-working trip distribution patterns, which should be understood as inputs for the urban transport development plan. This research aims to understand the impact of online transportation services on non-working trip distribution patterns in Indonesian urban areas, with Bandung City as the case study. The method used in this research is statistical descriptive, using respondents' responses to map the influenced trip generation and distribution patterns. The results show that online transportation has enabled the community to travel more easily and reach wider areas. Such changes have formed a new travel pattern that extends the destination locations to a wider peri-urban area. In the future, the government should anticipate urban fringe area land use growth, changing the region into more "urbanized-built-up" areas
Structure-Based Design of Recombinant Spike Subunit Vaccine for Coronavirus Diseases
Get PDFThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is still surging across the globe and has affected serious problems for both health and the global economy; therefore, the development of a vaccine with good efficacy becomes a must. To tackle the pandemic, numerous sectors of academia, industry, and the government collaborate to develop and investigate potential vaccine platforms. The recombinant subunit vaccine is one of the safest types of vaccine. However, its development has lagged behind other platforms, owing to the need for greater antigen manufacturability and immunogenicity. In this review, we outline several protein engineering strategies carried out in developing the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine, including the fusion of antigens with Fc fragment of human IgG, carrier proteins, trimerization domains, and stabilizing mutations. A systematic literature review was performed to summarize key takeaways from studies on developing recombinant subunit vaccines of SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, highlighting vaccine design and expression system, antigen structure, and in vivo and in vitro results of each protein engineering strategy. Several protein engineering strategies, particularly S protein and RBD, can improve the antigen's stability, manufacturability, and immunogenicity. Finally, novel protein engineering strategies are expected to be further developed to increase the vaccines' overall manufacturing, and the current recombinant vaccine candidates will be further processed into clinical stages to confirm their efficacy against pathogenic human coronaviruses
A Dataset-Driven Parameter Tuning Approach for Enhanced K-Nearest Neighbour Algorithm Performance
Get PDFThe number of Neighbours (k) and distance measure (DM) are widely modified for improved kNN performance. This work investigates the joint effect of these parameters in conjunction with dataset characteristics (DC) on kNN performance. Euclidean; Chebychev; Manhattan; Minkowski; and Filtered distances, eleven k values, and four DC, were systematically selected for the parameter tuning experiments. Each experiment had 20 iterations, 10-fold cross-validation method and thirty-three randomly selected datasets from the UCI repository. From the results, the average root mean squared error of kNN is significantly affected by the type of task (p9000, as optimal performance pattern for classification tasks. For regression problems, the experimental configuration should be7000≤SS≤9000; 4≤number of attributes ≤6, and DM = 'Filtered'. The type of task performed is the most influential kNN performance determinant, followed by DM. The variation in kNN accuracy resulting from changes in k values only occurs by chance, as it does not depict any consistent pattern, while its joint effect of k value with other parameters yielded a statistically insignificant change in mean accuracy (p>0.5). As further work, the discovered patterns would serve as the standard reference for comparative analytics of kNN performance with other classification and regression algorithms
Differences in Information Security Behavior of Smartphone Users in Indonesia Using Pearson’s Chi-square and Post Hoc Test
Get PDFThe risk of data theft is still a negative impact of smartphone technology development that harms its users. One cause of data theft is information security behavior. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine information security behavior and its differences among smartphone users in Indonesia based on the demographic variables (i.e., gender, generation, educational background, and operating system) and four approaches, namely Avoiding Harmful Behavior, Settings, and Add-on Utilities, Preventive Behavior, and Disaster/Data Recovery. The data obtained from 400 respondents were processed using Pearson's chi-square and post hoc tests. The results showed that there are significant differences between the demographic variables and approaches. It was revealed that men behave better than women in terms of adopting settings and add-on utilities, preventive behavior, and disaster/data recovery. On the other hand, men tend to have riskier behavior than women in avoiding harmful behavior. Based on generation, it was found that Generation Z exhibits more secure behavior than Generation Y in terms of settings and add-on utilities regarding remote device locking. Meanwhile, Generation Z has better behavior than Generations X and Y in preventive behavior as they uninstall/remove unused applications. Furthermore, undergraduate users behave better than high schoolers in avoiding harmful behaviors such as sharing PIN/passwords. Lastly, iOS users were found to have better data recovery behavior than Android users in automatically backing up data in the cloud. These results can be considered when designing security education, training, and awareness programs to improve information security
The Influence of Marble Waste Powder on Clay Soil Stabilization
Get PDFSoil properties are critical in building and road construction, which often causes problems, particularly for clay-type soil. The poor condition of clay soil is indicated by its high plasticity, low shear strength, high volume changes, and high shrinking properties. In the current work, marble waste powder (MWP) was used as an additive to stabilize the soil. The investigation aims to study the effect of the weight percentage of MWP addition and to cure time on the soil stabilization properties. Soil samples were taken from Jalan Masjid Priyayi, Kasemen, and Serang. Variations of marble powder waste were 0, 7, 17, and 27%-wt with a curing time of 0, 7, 14, and 28 days. The soil tests were performed for sieve analysis, soil density, moisture content, Atterberg (liquid limit), soil compaction, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests. The study results found that the soil was categorized as OH-type organic clay with high plasticity according to the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS) classification. The plasticity index value decreased with the increase in the content of MWP. The effect of curing time is highly influential in increasing the UCS value. The longer the curing time, the higher the UCS value. The highest UCS value obtained after adding 7% MWP with 28 days of curing was 3.427 kg/cm2 from only 0.749 kg/cm2 in the clay soil before mixing with MWP. The addition of low-cost MWP effectively improves clay soil stabilization
Antioxidant Activity and Compound Analysis Using Various Types of Solvents on Cascara Pulp Arabica Gayo Coffee to Treat Skin Aging
Get PDFCascara dry coffee skin (coffee cherry tea) is one of the waste products of dried coffee pulp, which is useful as an inhibitor of free radicals, protects the stomach, and is beneficial for the skin. One that can inhibit free radicals is antioxidants. This study assessed the effect of different solvents on Arabica Gayo coffee pulp cascara's antioxidant activity and analyzed the components of Arabica Gayo coffee pulp compounds. This study's experimental methods include cascara extraction, antioxidant assay, and metabolite identification by GCMS analysis. Water, ethanol, methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate were used to extract the cascara Arabica Gayo coffee, then the various concentration of extract was prepared and tested with DPPH solutions. Extracts also identified their secondary metabolites by using GCMS analysis. The antioxidant assay revealed all extracts showed DPPH reduction with performing by changing color into a yellow color. A high concentration of extract positively correlated with percent DPPH inhibition. The highest antioxidant was the ethanol extract of cascara, followed by n-hexane, water, methanol, and ethyl acetate. The metabolites profile of each extract might cause different antioxidant activities. Metabolite profiles showed caffeine in all extracts, with the highest concentration in the n-hexane extract. Hexadecenoic acid was dominated at n-hexane extract, methanol, and ethyl acetate showed unique compounds, quinic acid in methanol and 1(2H)-Naphthalene, octahydro-4a,8a-dim at ethyl acetate extract. Both reported potential antioxidant activity. In summary, ethanol was recommended solvent with high antioxidant performance