International Journal on Advanced Science, Engineering and Information Technology
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Beyond City Branding: The Emergence of Soft Infrastructure in Digital Transformation towards Urban Planning Research Roadmap Reformulation
Get PDFBeyond city branding shows the emergence of digital transformation for urban planning, which not only symbolizes the advancement of the use of technology as branding for cities in Indonesia but also as a structured effort to improve the achievement of sustainable development by using technology that is suitable for the growth and development phase of diverse cities in Indonesia. It began with data for development is usually highly dependent on official data from the government. In the digital transformation era, there will be opportunities to provide alternative data by utilizing existing technology to expand citizen communication channels, including social media, which needs to be equipped with requirements to be used as a data source for urban planning. Digital transformation for urban planning should be able to answer the challenges of the context of urban planning in Indonesia with the keywords urban problem, urban growth, planning, and sustainable development, including in choosing the appropriate theme of urban planning of the digital transformation era, which will be highlighted using advance technology. In the case of popular city planning concepts to be adapted like a smart city that tends to be as city branding, it is supposed to be justified, structured, and implemented by considering the planning system, urban governance system, as well as regional autonomy policy in responding to the challenges of urban planning in the era of digital transformation in Indonesia. Here appears the role of soft infrastructure where factors beyond the technical engineering side play an important role, namely human factors, social systems, the competitive side of the private sector, and governance
Combination of Extraction and Distillation Red Ginger Rhizome on the Composition of Active Compounds and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity
Get PDFIn Indonesia, red Ginger is commonly used as traditional medicine and health drink. Its bioactive compounds are generally extracted separately in essential oils or oleoresin only. This study aims to maximize the extraction of red ginger rhizome bioactive compounds in the form of oleoresin and essential oil simultaneously and examine the effect of the different methods of extraction and distillation on the quality. The first method is essential oil extraction by water-steam distillation, continuing with oleoresin extraction of the ginger rhizome, while the second method is oleoresin extraction of fresh rhizome, continuing with distillation. The essential oil quality is determined based on the chemical composition and the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity. The results showed that the essential oil produced by the second method contains higher zingiberene content (28.5%) with clear pale-yellow color, while the first method is orange with 15.4% zingiberene. The 6-gingerol, 8-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and 10-gingerol content of the oleoresin by the second method is higher than the first method. Furthermore, the inhibition test of two tyrosinase enzyme activities showed that the essential oil and extract from the two method is not significantly different. Thus, in addition to obtaining two extracts at once in the form of oleoresin and essential oil, this study also showed that the extraction process carried out before distillation of the rhizome could increase the yield of both extracts and increase the quality of red ginger essential oil
Experimental Analysis of Water-1MHz-gasified with O2, and Simulation Analysis of Physicals Parameters Effect of Solvents in Megasonic Cleaning
Get PDFAqueous chemicals and solvents are used heavily in semiconductor manufacturing, and device manufacturers are focused on advancing these cleaning liquids to the next technology node. The scientific results confirm that ultrasonic agitation can improve the removal of particles. Megasonic energy has been proven to improve particle elimination in semiconductor devices in cleaning procedures. On the other hand, applied ultrasonic energy may damage the sensible devices in the cleaning process. In order to better comprehend, we explore in this paper the impact of different liquid properties by showing the transient cavitation threshold by performing some simulations with the analytical Blake model and the numerical Gilmore model. The experimental setup firstly to understand the temporal and spectral response of the increasing of the electrical power, and secondly to investigate that increasing the gas level in the cleaning bath in Water-1MHz-gasified with O_2 modifies the acoustical pressure in the medium. We can conclude that the experimental measurements and simulation studies of the applicable sound wave field and cavitation level provide an important indication of the medium's properties. By proceeding in this manner, we can find the impact parameters on the onset of transient cavitation and the safe area to treat client wafers. At this point, we can figure out the cavitation threshold that works for us and safely translate it from one chemical process to another
The Assessment of Soil Quality and Earthworms as Bioindicators in the Alas Bromo Education Forest, Central Java, Indonesia
Get PDFUnderstanding the environmental services provided by healthy forest ecosystems needs accurate soil quality (SQ) assessments. Selecting appropriate SQ indicators is one of the keys to the effectiveness of SQ assessment. Earthworms have the potential to be bioindicators of soil quality because they are sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to assess the soil quality level and evaluate the potential of earthworms as bioindicators in six land covers at the Alas Bromo Education Forest of Universitas Sebelas Maret, namely: pine, pine-mahogany, mahogany, mixed, annual crops, and pine replanting. SQ assessment is measured by calculating the Soil Quality Index (SQI) using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with 10 Minimum Data Sets (MDS), namely: bulk density, earthworm abundance, C-organic, N-total, pH, porosity, exchangeable Al, cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), and available K. Statistical analysis using ANOVA, Duncan’s Multiple Range Test, correlation, and regression. The results showed that land cover significantly (p-value < 0.01) affected SQI. The SQI for all land cover categories is poor, with the highest value on mixed land cover (0.36) and the lowest on pine-mahogany (0.31). The land cover also significantly (p-value < 0.01) affected earthworm abundance, with the highest on mixed land cover (365 individuals/m2) and the lowest on pine replanting (25 individuals/m2). Earthworm density as a determining indicator significantly correlated with SQI (r = 0.495) and contributed 24.5% to the SQI. Future research needs to test the effectiveness of earthworms as a bioindicator of soil quality in other land uses in different areas
Upcycling the Banana Industry in Ecuador: A Methodology to Estimate Organic Waste Availability and a Catalogue of Potential Biodegradable Products
No full textEcuador is the leading exporter of bananas globally. This industry generates a large amount of organic waste since the plant is cut down for every crop, but only the fruit bunch is used. These residues can be converted into sustainable environmental products that could replace polluting materials. This investigation presents a GIS-based methodology used to estimate the biomass of the residues of banana agriculture in Ecuador and to determine how much organic waste could be used as raw materials to manufacture new biodegradable products. We estimated that more than forty million metric tons of waste are produced every nine months. Our methodology can be a low-cost quantitative complement to the survey-based estimations conducted by the Ecuadorian government to evaluate banana production. Additionally, our work presents five products that could be manufactured with organic waste, like disposable plates, bioplastics for food utensils, cardboard covers, fibers for hydraulic cement, and wallpaper. Finally, we offer a product catalog developed as a technical guide for future bio-enterprises to elaborate biodegradable products inspired by a circular economy scheme. In light of the estimated amount of banana waste generated in the country, we consider that Ecuador has the potential to develop an industry based on this raw material to generate products such as those proposed in our review, shifting the banana industry to a more sustainable, profitable process, and generating new incomes and sources of employment
Analysis of How Scalable Features in Hadoop / MapReduce by Internet Traffic Management
Get PDFInternet traffic monitoring is to measure and analyze the network bottlenecks to manage the online data are transferring processes efficiently. Various tools have been developed by using internet traffic measurement and internet traffic analysis tools, such as Hadoop. Activity measurement and adaptive examination represent the dynamics of information exchange. On the other hand, information exchange and dynamics measure movement in light of the system assets that can be accessed depending on the characteristics of the exchanged information. The main aim of this work is to apply scalable features of internet traffic measurement and analysis using Hadoop to understand the effects of these features on the speed of transferring data. This gives a new vision or opportunity to dynamically adapting the most suitable traffic measurement and analysis feature according to network capabilities and environment. This research employs Hadoop/Map Reduce as scalable internet traffic measurement and analysis tools. The simulation was conducted by using five personal computers; one as a server and four virtual computers as network nodes. Each computer has 2GB memory and 100GB storage. Five types of data segmentation are utilized 10 MB, 40MB, 64MB, 200MB, and500MB. The speed of the network is calculating in a megabit per second (Mbs) based upon the network speed on the number of allocated PCs (100 Mbs/4). The simulation is conducted to test the data transfer time based on various selections of network capabilities such as transferring extensive data through a network of medium and heavy usage
Functional Properties of Collagen from Purple-spotted Bigeye (Priacanthus tayenus Richardson, 1846) Bone and Fins Extracted with Different Acids
Get PDFThis work aimed to evaluate the functional properties of collagen derived from the bone and fins of Priacanthus tayenus (Richardson, 1846) prepared with various organic acids. The extracted collagens yielded 0.83%, 1.43%, and 1.93% of acetic acid-extracted collagen (AEC), lactic acid-extracted collagen (LEC), and citric acid-extracted collagen (CEC), respectively, although no significant differences (p > 0.05). The high solubility was detected in all extracted collagen samples under low concentrations of sodium chloride (up to 20 g/L). Acetic and lactic acid-extracted collagens showed the highest solubility at pH 3 and pH 5 for citric acid-extracted collagen. The oil absorption capacity varied from 8.57 mL/mg to 15.94 mL/mg and was significantly the highest (p 0.05). All the extracted samples recorded higher values of foaming ability (from 78.33% to 88.33%) and stability (from 80% to 93.33%) at pH 4. Therefore, the emulsion characteristics comprising the emulsion ability and stability indexes were carried out under acidic pH conditions, and the results showed acetic-extracted collagen had the highest values compared to lactic and citric acid-extracted collagens. Taken together, P. tayenus collagens had good functional properties comparable to other collagen sources, supporting its further use in industrial processes
Effect of AVG on Anthocyanin and Antioxidant Activity of Bignay Fruit Juice
Get PDFConsumption of fruit juices product containing various bioactive compounds that are good for health is a current trend. Bignay fruit is a tropical fruit that contains high anthocyanin and can increase its antioxidant ability by adding aloe vera gel (AVG). Bignay fruit also contains organic acids, namely gallic, ferulic, and ellagic acids. AVG is associated with many transparent or colorless polysaccharides and contains functional bioactive chemical compounds. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of AVG concentration on the anthocyanin and antioxidant activity of bignay fruit juice. This research design used a completely randomized design of one factor, namely the concentration of AVG. The formulation of bignay fruit juice with the addition of AVG at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 75% at a temperature of (6±1) °C was carried out. The observed variables included total anthocyanins, total flavonoids, vitamin C, antioxidant activity, viscosity, and acidity. All experimental units were repeated three times. Periodic observations of bignay fruit juice were carried out on storage 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days. The AVG concentration significantly affected the total anthocyanin, antioxidant activity, and viscosity of bignay fruit juice. The best formula for bignay fruit juice is the addition of AVG with a concentration of 25%. The bignay fruit juice notes a large number of functional compounds until the ninth day of storage. Bignay fruit juice can be a recommendation for health-conscious consumers to fulfill their functional drink desires
Smart Agriculture: Soil Aggregate Stability Classification for Damaged Crops in India
Get PDFSoil health is the most important element in a stable farm environment in soil-based agriculture. Soil aggregate stabilization is man-datory for soil characteristics influencing crop yield and stability. The study was conducted on Tamilnadu delta areas where the alluvial and black soil types for rabi and Kharif crops are used, and soil parameters are analyzed. This study aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms and aggregate-forming agents using ensemble methods. It is difficult to assess and analyze the aggregate stability. However, the most popular farming methods used in commercial crop yields, including artificial fertilizers and monocul-tures, can weaken the soil throughout the term, resulting in a sequence of issues that necessitate using many more man-made inputs, which contribute to global warming. The soil type's qualities and functions in predicting the crop type that can be grown under spe-cific soil conditions. Remote monitoring of soil parameters can change agricultural practices and boost productivity. We suggest a process in this article for classifying soil based on micro and macro-nutrients and predicting the form of the crop that can be grown in that type of soil. The results obtained were compared to the standardized maximum point for specific crops, and crop inputs var-ied depending on the variations. Several ensemble methods have been used, such as the bagging meta-estimator, Ada Boost, and XGB. On the held-out dataset, the bagging models estimated an accuracy of 98 percent, showing the technological viability of differ-ent soil types
Hydrogen Recovery from Electroplating Wastewater Electrocoagulation Treatment
Get PDFThe electroplating industry is one of the industries that contribute to liquid waste that can pollute the environment. An increase must also follow the rapid development of the electroplating industry in the wastewater treatment system. The presence of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni) in electroplating wastewater can cause problems for humans and the environment; hence, electroplating wastewater treatment needs to be done. One form of electroplating wastewater treatment is that it can be processed as a material to obtain hydrogen gas (H2) as a new energy source. Electroplating wastewater can be processed into hydrogen gas by the electrocoagulation method using metal electrodes. In this study, the production of hydrogen gas from electroplating wastewater was carried out with a 2 (two)-step process, namely the treatment of electroplating wastewater with an electrocoagulation device and followed by the process of processing electroplating wastewater into hydrogen gas using an oxyhydrogen reactor. In the process of treating electroplating wastewater into hydrogen gas, KOH catalyst is added with varying concentrations, and the electrolysis time is 5 minutes. The purpose of adding a KOH catalyst is to obtain optimum hydrogen gas in the electroplating wastewater treatment process into hydrogen gas. The optimum KOH catalyst concentration for electroplating wastewater treatment into hydrogen gas after 5 minutes is 0.5 M, with a volume of hydrogen gas generated of 2.875 L and H2 content of 554 mg/m3