International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences
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Single Objective Supply Chain Network Optimization around Acrylonitrile Plant
Get PDFIn this study, a profit oriented supply chain network optimization is performed on an acrylonitrile plant. The network consists of three suppliers which provide two necessary raw materials (propylene and ammonia) for the production of acrylonitrile, one production plant and four customers. In the transportation of the raw materials and product, either highway transportation or sea transportation can be preferred with respect to constraints to achieve maximum profit. To investigate the effects of alternative transportation modes of raw materials and product, constraints for raw materials purchased from suppliers, product sold to customers and production capacity of the plant on profit maximization, four cases are performed within the framework of this study. In the solution of this single objective optimization problem GAMS, MATLAB and Solver Tool of Excel are used. In MATLAB, “fmincon” solver; in GAMS program “Cplex”, “LindoGlobal” and “Baron” solvers are preferred whereas “Simplex” is used in Excel. According to the results obtained in each program, it is seen that maximum achievable profit changes from 3,869,389 to 4,664,841 $/year and amount of acrylonitrile produced is 79,040 tonnes/year (in the first two cases) and 90,000 tonnes/year (in the consecutive two cases).
Oil Price Shocks and Macroeconomic Instability in Nigeria: Evidence from GVAR
Get PDFThe study examines the relationship between oil price shocks and selected macroeconomic variables in Nigeria. It adopts a Global Vector Autoregressive (GVAR) model, which includes Nigeria's major trade partners, in examining the relationship. This provides a holistic picture of how oil price shocks are conveyed to Nigeria via the first round as well as through the spillover effects. The variables employed are Real Gross Domestic Product (y), inflation (Dp), short-term interest rate (r), money supply (ms), and real effective exchange (epeps) as the domestic variables, while oil price is included as global variable. Quarterly data were used spanning the period 1979Q2 to 2013Q1. The economies included are Nigeria, the United States, Euro Area, India, China, Brazil, United Kingdom and South Africa. The findings of the study reveal that an upsurge in oil price leads to increase in real output, money supply as well as a mild increase in the real effective exchange rates of Nigeria while inflation and short-term interest rate fall
The Plastic Bag Regulations For A Sustainable Environment
No full textGlobal problems, which are among the most serious matters of our age, threaten the existence of the world and humanity. The most basic concept we face regarding the aforementioned problems is the concept of sustainability. This matter becomes even more important especially considering the use of plastic bags. This study, which summarizes the most recent state of sustainable development, focuses on environmental sustainability and plastic bag consumption. Afterwards, the negative effects of plastic bag use on environment and health are evaluated. In this context, the effects of the taxation arrangements and pricing policies implemented towards plastic bag use for the sake of creating a sustainable environment were analyzed
The Moderating Role of Resilience: When Abusive Supervision Impacts Distributive Justice and Employees’ Voice
No full textThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role played by abusive supervision in decreasing the voice of employees. This study tested the mediating role of distributive justice in the relationship between abusive supervision and employee’s voice and moderating role of resilience in the relationship between abusive supervision and employee voice, and abusive supervision and distributive justice as well. A sample of 461 employees was contacted from 3S and 2S dealerships of automobiles sector of Pakistan. Using convenience sampling technique, data was collected through four structured questionnaires. Respondents duly filled in consent form for being participants of the study. To avoid variable biasedness Time Lag Technique was used for collecting data. Data Analyses were carried out by using SPSS and AMOS. Abusive supervision was found having negative impact on employees’ voice. Perception of abusive supervision has a negative impact on perception of distributive justice which in turn decreases employees’ voice. Resilience as a psychological resource has been found moderating the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ perception of distributive justice, and the relationship between abusive supervision and employees’ voice. This study provides an insight to managers to figure out the adverse impact of abusive supervision on voice behaviors of employees. Abusive supervision works as a hurdle in voicing the silence of the subordinates. Mangers, therefore, need to take measures for discouraging abusive supervision in the work place. An abuse free organizational environment will induce employees to give their much-needed feedback and opinion in the organizational matters. Moreover, managers need to find ways to develop resilience in the employees as resilience like other components of PsyCap is a state which can be developed and strengthened. The present study investigates the supervisor’s abusive behavior to be an obstacle in voicing the silence of subordinates. It provides evidence that distributive justice mediates the relationship between abusive supervision and employees voice behaviors. This study broadens the understanding that how abusive supervision leads to employees’ voice behaviors through mediation of distributive justice, moreover, the mitigating role of resilience, (a component of Psychological Capital), has been emphasized in this study
The Impact of Financial Crisis on the Commercial Bank Net Interest Margins: Evidence from the Turkish Banking Industry
Get PDFThis paper investigates the impact of financial crisis on the determinants of bank interest rate margin (NIM) in Turkey over the period 1995-2017. The sample period is divided into two sub-periods: Pre-crisis period (1995-2000) and post-crisis period (2002-2017). The NIMs are specified as a function of bank and market-specific variables, such as operating cost, liquidity, credit risk, implicit interest payments, size, managerial efficiency, and concentration. The differences between two time periods could be explained by the differences in the legal, financial and macroeconomic environment. Competition seems to be more intense in the post-crisis period. The new regulatory and macroeconomic environment has enhanced the level of bank competition. Particularly, competitive pressure from foreign banks will lead domestic banks to enhance the quality and range of financial products offered in near future. Policy makers should promote mergers and acquisitions in order to increase scale of banks operating in the sector. Exploitation of the scale economics seems to be important in decreasing interest rate spread in the Turkish banking sector. 
Remittances and Economic Growth in Transition Countries
Get PDFMigrants’ remittances have become an important development tool because they can raise income and reduce poverty rates in developing countries. These remittances might also promote development by providing funds that recipients can spend on education or health care or invest in entrepreneurial activities. Thus, workers’ remittances are a steadily growing external source of capital for developing countries. In spite of the fact that importance of remittances in total international capital flows are increasing, the relationship between remittances and growth has not been adequately studied. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of remittances on economic growth in the transition countries. For the aim of the study, we test the hypothesis suggested by the Giuliano and Ruiz-Arranz (2005), which states that remittances can substitute for a lack of financial development and hence promote economic growth. Their empirical analysis shows that remittances can promote economic growth in less financially developed countries. We use panel data for the time period between 2001-2012 for the aim of the study. The results of the study suggest that there is a negative significant effect of remittances on economic growth in the transition economies
Conceptual Framework about Tokenism Phenomenon in Organizations
Get PDFIn this study, it is aimed to introduce and examine the tokenism phenomenon. Kanter (1977) argued tokenism as an “artificial appearance” achieved by including a limited number of individuals in the minority group in effective positions within the existing group due to their characteristics (gender, race, religion, age, etc.) accepted as disadvantage or groups’ characteristics different from the dominant group. In this context, tokenism is examined conceptually and then the group typologies serving to the tokenism are stated on the basis of proportional distributions. Then dimensions of restrictions and limitations applied by the dominant group to the tokens are addressed, and socio-psychological approaches supporting and providing a basis for the theory of tokenism are explained
Bibliometric Analysis of Studies on Social Innovation
Get PDFThe aim of the current study is to examine the scientific publications produced in the field of social innovation (SI) during a period of roughly 40 years through 1975-2018. The analysis based on the bibliometric evaluation of all publications indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database including "Social Innovation" (SI) phrase in the title, abstract or key words. The research is carried out through parameters including the number of publications in line with the years, authors, journals and country, publication types, citation analyses, collaborations and also concept-topic tendencies. Results indicated that the vast majority of SI studies are published as an “article”. Respectively, UK, USA and Italy are the top three leading countries that contribute to the SI literature. Design Journal” is a prominent domain of SI research and the field is multidisciplinary. Findings also demonstrated that Mumford Michael D. is the most productive scholar in the field of SI whereas Swyngedouw E. produced the most cited article in the WOS. Finally, a significant increase in the number of publications published in SI field is remarkable since 2015 which leads the conclusion that the topic has gained momentum in recent years among the academicians
An Empirical Research on the Determination of Consumer Perceptions Related to Mobile Marketing Applications
Get PDFMobile marketing has introduced significant changes to the business world, making it easier to access personalized messages at any time and place. This research was conducted to determine the factors that affect consumer choice for mobile marketing applications. The research data were collected with the help of a face to face survey applied to individuals in Bingöl and Diyarbakır provinces. Data, Frequency Analysis, Importance, Participation Level and Factor Analysis were examined. The study is based on two main axes. The first axis is the mobile marketing applications and the second axis is the effective factors in mobile marketing. In the first axis, it has been seen that there are significant relationships between the variables representing the shopping tendency and behaviour towards mobile marketing applications and the variables in the mobile marketing preference determined in the study. In particular, five variables came to the fore in the research; SMS, Advertising Applications (AA), Customer Rewards (CR), Permitted Message Applications (PMA) and Disturbing Messages (DM). It was found that SMS, AA, CR and PMA factors had a positive effect on purchasing and DM had a negative effect on purchasing. In the second axis, 6 (six) basic elements were determined as a result of factor analysis. The factors in question; effective advertising, complaint behaviour, indifference, unresponsiveness, normality and inconsistency. The factor analysis conducted in the provinces, two different factors were identified in Diyarbakır, where four factors were the same in both provinces (satisfaction, rewarding, complaint behaviour and image). There were three different factors: Restlessness, Indifference and Discomfort in Bingöl
Demand and Supply Analysis of Transport Energy in Pakistan
Get PDFOver the last decade, the importance of energy consumption in transport sector has burgeoned forth and has been growing rapidly in Pakistan, and the course is being augured to linger over the coming decades. This paper brings about the function of transport energy demand, economic growth (GDP), oil rents, gas rents, road length and number of registered vehicles for Pakistan over the 1980-2015 by using Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) approach. The results which have had come about shows preponderance of the fact that there is powerful relationship between all concerned variables when transport energy demand is used as a dependent variable in Pakistan. Hence, Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model is used for the future forecasting related to the consumption and production of gasoline and oil. According to the forecasted results, consumption (demand) is much greater as compared to production (supply) in both non-renewable sources. As policy makers suggest, we can make up for this lacuna by bourgeoning forth new technology (hybrid vehicles) as well as an awareness campaign through which we can make others abreast of this research may be launched about energy conservation methods to curtail the transport energy demand (TED) in the country