International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences
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Clustering Analysis of Employment Sectors According To OECD Countries Using The K-Average Method
Get PDFIn addition to being one of the important parameters showing the welfare level of the countries, employment shows the economic development of the countries in which sector is concentrated. The existence of industry-based employment in developed or developing countries supports this situation. In addition, the resources of countries direct the employment policy of that country. It is stated in the literature that there is generally employment in this field in countries with high agricultural resources. In this study, the employment data of 36 OECD countries between 1991 and 2019 were analyzed using the Cluster analysis K-Average Method, which was obtained from the official web site of the World Bank. According to the employment data in Agriculture, Industry and Service sectors, it was analyzed in which cluster OECD countries are located and whether the variables show a meaningful clustering
The European Union’s Response to COVID-19 as an Existential Threat
Get PDFThe agenda and referent subjects and objects of security have widened as both the actors and the themes of national and international security have varied in the Post-Cold War Era. Recently, the epidemics have also been transformed into one of these vital referent objects of security. In fact, not only less-developed and developing countries but also developed countries including great and middle powers would become vulnerable to the pandemics such as in the case of COVID-19. Thus, the European Union (EU) Member States, first and foremost Italy, Spain and France have been profoundly affected by the outbreak of the COVID-19. In fact, the EU has to face the implications of this pandemic in a time of existential threats including the Brexit, Euro crisis, rising populism and Euroscepticism. Within this context, this study initially aims to evaluate the vulnerability of the EU to COVID-19, then, the responses to and reflections of the pandemic in terms of the EU’s security in a period when the EU’s solidarity and unity have been already questioned. Eventually, this study discusses the potential impact of COVID-19 as another existential threat on the future of European integra-tion process
Women's Entrepreneurship in Turkey: Evidence from OECD Data
Get PDFBeyond being an employment choice, its contributions to national development, and being one of the main actors in fighting against unemployment, women’s entrepreneurship has become a much-debated, supported, and subjected concept to many research fields. From a socially constructed perspective, after the 1990s, the supposedly generic structure of entrepreneurship has started to be considered as "gendered". Consequently, "less ambitious, less profit-oriented, smaller-scale" kind of generalized references to women have started to be considered as the results of measurement mistakes. From this perspective, one of the fundamental determinants of women’s entrepreneurship is believed to be family embeddedness consisting of unpaid household chores and childcare responsibilities. In this context, the aim of this study is to quantitatively reveal if family-embeddedness is effective on the number of women entrepreneurships in Turkey, and in case of its association, to reveal how, depending on OECD data. With this aim, OECD data covering 2006-2017 is used for a causality analysis. The findings show that there are causal links between economic and non-economic factors and the number of women’s entrepreneurship
Analysis of Corporate Governance and Financial Sustainability Using the TOPSIS Method
Get PDFStakeholders of listed companies are interested in the financial sustainability and corporate governance (CG) issues in the companies. This study aims to explore the relationship between corporate governance practices and financial sustainability in light of OECD principles of corporate governance. Altman’s Z-scores and CG ratings of 20 companies listed in the Borsa Istanbul Corporate Governance Index (XKURY) were analyzed using the TOPSIS method. The results obtained in this study show that firms’ financial sustainability and corporate governance scores don’t move in the same direction for the years from 2013 to 2018
Selection of the Graphics Card to be used in Ethereum Mining with Linear BWM-TOPSIS
Get PDFBlockchain technology is becoming more and more important and new usage areas are emerging every day. However, the most fundamental one of these usage areas is cryptocurrencies, which led to the emergence of blockchain technology. Cryptocurrency transfers are made possible with mining. Although there are many cryptocurrencies available today, a lot of them use Ethereum-based blockchain technology. The choice of the most optimal graphics card (GPU; Graphics Processing Unit) in cryptocurrency mining is very important for the efficiency and profitability of the mining operations to be performed. Since this decision problem depends on more than one criterion, it should be handled using Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making Methods (MCDM). Accordingly, the study focused on the mining of Ethereum-based cryptocurrencies and the selection of the optimal GPU to be used in mining with linear BWM-TOPSIS. As a result of the study, a model is presented in which miners can choose the most efficient GPU for them and the optimal GPU as of January 2020 has been determined
Analyzing the Effect of Employment in the Agricultural and Industrial Sectors on Economic Growth with the ARDL Bounds Test
Get PDFOne of the important indicators determining the welfare level of a country is its Gross Domestic Product (GDP). However, many parameters affect GDP, and employment in agriculture and industry sectors constitute two of them. This study aims to determine the effect of employment in the agricultural and industrial sectors on economic growth in Turkey with the ARDL bounds test. Turkey's employment rate in the agricultural and industrial sectors of the years 2000-2019 and GDP data were used as material. According to the ARDL model, it was determined that there is a long-term positive relationship between A_Employment and I_Employment and GDP. It was also observed that there was no structural break in the variables. With the Toda-Yamamoto test, a one-way causality relationship from A_Employment to GDP and a two-way causality relationship between S_ employment and GDP were determined.
As a result, although about 20% of total employment in Turkey is in the agricultural sector labor productivity is quite low. This situation leads to an increase in the urban population and thus a decrease in employment in agriculture. Therefore, it is recommended that economic policies be developed to increase labor productivity in the agricultural sector
Macroeconomic Determinants of External Debt in Selected SAARC Countries: A Panel Data Analysis
Get PDFExternal debt is burning problem in almost all economically developing or underdeveloped countries because of current account and budget deficits, low saving and investment growth and negative balance of payment. The external borrowing is increasing drastically in South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation (SAARC) that largely relies on external borrowing for their public finance. So, this study aims to explore the factors which enhances or lower the external debt in four countries in four SAARC nations (Bangladesh, India, Pakistan and Srilanka) for the period of 1984-2019. Results of study explored that budget deficit, negative balance of payments, devaluation of currency and more corruption are major factors to increase external debt in these countries and are significantly related to external debt. So, it is recommended that exports should be encouraged, and governments of these countries need to provide export subsidies and introduce export bonus voucher schemes. Government needs to follow the cannons of taxations and need to give rebate on heavy taxes on import of manufacturing machinery and to encourage FDI
Internationalization Processes of Multichannel Retailers and E-tailers in the Apperal Industry: A Comparative Case Study
No full textIn order to explore the internationalization of Turkish apparel retailers, with this study it is aimed to comparatively analyze the motivations underlying the internationalization processes of Turkish multi-channel retailers and e-tailers in Turkish apparel industry in terms of internationalization process, management of foreign operations, critical success factors and international e-commerce activities. Holistic multiple case study method was adopted in the research and the cases were determined through purposive sampling. The data gathered by semi-structured interviews, were analyzed with thematic-constructive content analysis method. The findings obtained from the research reveal that multi-channel apparel retailers and e-tailers go through different internationalization processes as a result of their internationalization motivations, way of entering foreign markets, and the size of their organizational structures due to the business model they have adopted. In addition, the management of operations in foreign markets, success factors in foreign markets were found to be similar. The study contributes to the practitioners as a guide at the point of defining internationalization strategies, managing international operations, using online channels in international markets, identifying the factors that they should prioritize for success in the international market
Relation Between Eating Behaviours and Personal Body Image Perception of Yasar University Students
Get PDFIn this study, it is aimed to determine that 554 students, studying at Yasar University, whether they have a predisposition to eating behavior disorder or not. Gender, age, weight and height information have been asked and applied the 26-item Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) adapted to the analysis. According to the EAT-26 evaluation scale; who score is "≥30", he is described as "he has a predisposition to eating behavior disorder". The data were evaluated by frequency and Pearson chi-square tests. EAT-26 score was determined as ≥30 in 1.5% (n=5) of women students and in 79.4% (n=16) of men students. According to the EAT- 26 score, 16.2% (n=90) of weak students, 62.8% (n=248) of normal students and 17% (n=94) of before obesity (pre- obese) students have been identified regarding the results. When EAT-26 score was evaluated according the gender of the students, it was seen that 34.3% (n=190) of students are male and 65.7% (n=364) of students are women. Average EAT-26 score of the students was found as 20.36±1.76 and 4% (n=22) of them have eating disorder. But no statistically significant difference was found between the age of participation in the survey according to gender (p>0.05). This will be an advantage for young generations that they will be socially self confident which will not affect their economic situation
Volatility Spillovers from US to Emerging Seven Stock Markets: Pre & Post Analysis of GFC
Get PDFThis study is conducted to check volatility spillovers from US to Emerging seven stock markets before and after the Global Financial Crisis through the VAR-GARCH model. The pre GFC sub sample data ranges from January 8, 2002 to June 29, 2007 and Post GFC data starts from July 4, 2009 to December 28, 2014. The outcomes of the VAR-GARCH model show that there are significant volatility spillovers from US stock market to emerging seven stock markets in most cases. The correlations reveal that the US stock market is strongly correlated with the Brazilian stock exchange, Mexican stock exchange and Russian stock exchange. These findings suggest that the investors may consider geographical proximity into consideration. The empirical results also mention that the Chinese stock market, Indonesian stock market and Indian stock market have less effect by the volatility spillovers from US stock market. The findings also demonstrate that Brazilian, Mexican and Russian stock markets observed rapid increase in the CCC with the US market