International Journal of Contemporary Economics and Administrative Sciences
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The Effect of Tax Wedge and Industrialization on Female Labor Force Participation
Get PDFThe participation of women in the workforce is a factor that has very important socio-economic effects, especially on economic growth and development. Therefore, it is important to determine the factors affecting female labor force participation (FLFP) and thus to implement policies to increase FLFP. In the study, 17 OECD member countries were selected and the effects of tax wedge and industrialization on FLFP were examined based on the data of these countries for the period 2000-2019. It has been determined that industrialization generally affects FLFP positively, but the tax wedge has an effect on FLFP in a limited number of countries. In addition, while it is seen that both the tax wedge and industrialization are effective in the long term, it has been determined that only industrialization is effective in the short term and the tax wedge has no effect
The impact of Transportation and Water Infrastructure Spending Source on Economic Growth: Evidence from U.S. State and Local and Federal Government.
No full textThe principal objectives of this study are to analyze the effect of state and local governments and federal government transportation and water infrastructure spending on economic growth in the United States using historic data from 1980 to 2016. The study finds that state and local governments had statistically significant impact on growth however, federal spending on transportation and water infrastructure had a strong positive and insignificant effect on economic growth. Also, shocks to infrastructure spending had a positive impact on economic growth. The study suggests raising state and local governments spending on water and transportation could have a significant impact on economic growth
Analysis of Sustainability Disclosures Using a GRI Based Evaluation Methodology:
Get PDFThis study aims to analyze the level of sustainability disclosures published by Borsa Istanbul listed companies using a GRI (Global Reporting Initiative) -based evaluation methodology. This two-step methodology consists of a scoring tool and a Multi-Weighted Sustainability Disclosure Checklist (WSDC) that bases on the GRI standards, the previous literature, and the expertise of financial experts. Using a sample of 29 companies listed in the Borsa Istanbul Sustainability Index, an in-depth content analysis method is applied to reveal the extent to which Turkish companies disclose their sustainability-related information. The findings of the content analysis are interpreted in terms of each disclosure item and each company's score. Company scores indicate minor differences among the sustainability disclosures of the sample reports. The findings reveal a high level of compliance mainly in “manufacturing” companies. It is followed by “financial institutions,” “transportation, telecommunication and storage,” “wholesale and retail trade, hotels and restaurants,” electricity, gas and water,” and “technology,” respectively. Financial institutions tend to disclose more economic information, manufacturing companies prefer to present more disclosures on environmental and social issues than companies in other sectors. The scores of disclosure items reveal that companies disclose more on environmental and economic rather than social disclosures. Economic disclosure of anti-competitive behavior, environmental disclosures of consumption of water sources, emissions, reduction of energy consumption, and the level of compliance with laws and regulations, social disclosures of employee training programs, and occupational health and safety receive high scores
Assessing the Moderating Role of Risk Management Capabilities in the Relationship Between Service Innovation and Financial Performance of Insurance Firms
Get PDFThe study assessed the moderating role of risk management capabilities in the relationship between service innovation and financial performance of insurance firms. A survey research design was adopted, with a quantitative research approach. The population of comprises life and non-life insurance companies in Ghana, numbering 39. There were 17 insurance firms selected for the study, from which 161 management staff were drawn as respondents. Data was analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The study concludes that, risk management capability had a positive moderative effect on the relationship between service innovation and financial performance of insurance companies in Ghana. This notwithstanding, both service innovation and risk management capability had a direct significant positive effect on financial performance of insurance firms. For stronger financial position, firms should endeavor to invest in both service innovation and effective risk management practices. The main contribution of this study centers on the interactive effect of service innovation and risk management capability. Although direct effects of service innovation and risk management, on financial performance have been established in literature, the interactive effect of these two predicting variables has not been well established in literature
Conceptual Model Study on Environmental Entrepreneurship in the Framework of Corporate Social Responsibility in Hotels
Get PDFThis study aims to create a holistic conceptual model that integrates environmental entrepreneurship in hotels and with the corporate social responsibility model adopted as a sustainable business model under a single structure. In this context, by integrating environmental initiatives carried out in hotels into Caroll's corporate social responsibility model, a sustainable holistic structure was tried to be created in hotels. To research the integration of environmental entrepreneurship in CSR sustainable business models in-depth, the explorative methodology was used and a qualitative research method was adopted. Findings suggest that environmental initiatives in hotel businesses are gathered under the economic, legal, ethical, and philanthropic dimensions determined in the corporate social responsibility model. Among the environmental initiatives classified according to the results obtained, the most striking environmental initiatives were the environmental initiatives that provided economic benefit with 49.64%. Later, they were classified as environmental initiatives that provided a positive image with 28.35%, provided legal obligations with 15.44%, and were completely carried out with voluntary donations at 6.61%. As a result of the literature review and research findings, a holistic conceptual model has been proposed.
Keywords: Environmental Entrepreneurship, Corporate Social Responsibility, Sustainable Business Model, Sustainablit
Seafarers’ Job Stress and Subjective Well-Being: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Resilience and the Moderating Effect of Organizational Support
Get PDFSubjective well-being (SWB) has been widely reported to have a pivotal impact on the individual, yet its application in the marine professions remains unexplored. Thus, in the current work, proposing seafarers’ psychological resilience (PR) as a mediator and organizational support (OS) as a moderator, the connection between job stress (JS) and SWB was explored. A survey of seafarers from sailing on merchant ships operating internationally were analyzed with partial least squares structural equation modelling methods. The findings indicate a complete mediation effect of PR on the relationship between JS and SWB. However, the results do not provide any empirical evidence regarding the contingency of OS on the relationship between PR and SWB. This study contributes to the existing literature as it examines the role of individual, organizational, and job elements in a more detailed model of SWB. Knowledge about such elements would highlight challenging areas within seafaring and thereby enable to work out prevention and intervention strategies to improve and develop well-being at sea
Transformation of Work Practice in The Digitalized Labor Process: Freelancers in Turkey
Get PDFOne of the most important changes created by the development of digital technologies in the global labor market is the spread of freelance work. This study aims to examine how freelance work has changed the working practices in Turkey, the motivations and working conditions of freelancers, the status of being a woman in freelance work, and the perceptions of women. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with 28 freelancers in Turkey. According to the field research findings, the education level of the interviewees is high and their freelance work experience varies between 1-12 years. It has been determined that while freelance work represents a precarious work on the one hand, it also offers a “free” working environment for the new generation labor with an entrepreneurial spirit, innovative and creative features. Although women are less visible than men in the freelance work, some of the male interviewees think that female freelancers are more successful in taking responsibility and creativity. Based on the discourses of the male interviewees towards female freelancers, it is possible to say that the majority of the male interviewees have developed a positive attitude towards gender equality
Understandıng Travel Agencies Attitudes Towards Gastronomy Tourism and Food Tours: The Case of Izmir Turkey
Get PDFThis study considers that travel agencies can be active builders in food tourism destinations. This paper develops and validates a scale to measure the the attitude of travel agencies towards gastronomy tourism and food tours, labeled as support to gastronomy tourism (SGT). Study identified 6 dimensions and 33 initial items through an extensive literature review. Then an exploratory factor analysis was applied to filter the items. The results provided empirical support for a 29-item and six-dimension solution to the SGT scale which consisted of gastronomy tourism knowledge (GTK); approach to gastronomy tourism (AGT); perceived power to impact gastronomy tourism (PPIGT); perceived positive effects of gastronomy tourism (PPEGT); perceived negative effects of gastronomy tourism (PNEGT) and support to gastronomy tourism (SGT) through confirmatory factor analysis. This study contributes to the gastronomy tourism development by revisiting the role of travel agencies. For practical implications, the findings call attention to the importance of provision of knowledge and guidance from authorities as well as the necessity of individual efforts of agency owners to foster the development of gastronomy
The Mediating Effect of Perceived Organizational Support in the Relationship Between Organizational Ethical Climate and Turnover Intention: An Empirical Research in the Private Sector
Get PDFDrawing on the social exchange theory, the present study firstly investigates the effect of the organizational ethical climate on a very critical work attitude as turnover intention. Furthermore, the mediating effect of perceived organizational support in this relationship is discovered. The sample group of the research consists of 161 private-sector employees from Ankara, Turkey. In the data analysis process, partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used. The findings revealed that organizational ethical climate had a significant negative association with turnover intention. For the mediation analysis, two different methods were used suggested by Baron and Kenny (1986) and Zhao et al. (2010). Within the scope of current research, an atypical situation that was interpreted as suppression or competitive mediation effect in the literature was encountered. However, findings indicated that perceived organizational support had a partial mediating effect on the association between organizational ethical climate and turnover intention
Comparing Technology Acceptance for Electric Vehicles – A Comparative Study in Turkey and Germany
Get PDFClimate change, environmental concerns, scarcity of resources and dependence on energy cause the automotive industries to do sustainable developments. İn this regard, the adoption of new energy vehicles is key to environmental problems. The objective of this study is twofold, to understand consumer’s intentions regarding electric vehicles (EV) adoption and secondly to compare these results for developing and industrialized/ developed “Western” countries, Turkey and Germany. An empirical study was carried out with 557 potential consumers in Turkey and 513 in Germany and structural equation analysis was performed with AMOS. An integrated model based on Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is applied as the research framework. The paper confirms the underlying assumptions of TAM in the context of EV. Perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) positively influence the behavioral intention to use EVs. TAM constructs were found to be statistically significant. The results showed that participants' technology acceptance attitudes differed by country. Behavioral usage intentions of participants living in Germany are higher than those in Turkey. Based on the empirical results, the formulation of marketing strategies to promote EV and suggestions for future research are discussed