Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Progress of Rice Improvement through Recurrent Selection
Get PDFImproved rice varieties play an important role in increasing rice production, through raising and/or stabilizing rice productivity. Thus, it is urgent to develop improved rice varieties. Selection method is an important step in rice improvement. Implementation of recurrent selection in rice improvement was aimed to increase the efficiency and insurance in the success of improvement. Since 2004, Indonesian Institute for Rice Research has applied recurrent selection in breeding program. Promising lines of earliness and high yield potential were developed in relatively short time. A number of advanced lines has been produced and will be further evaluated, and a number of populations has been selected and used as base populations for recurrent selection in rice improvement program. Key words: breeding, earliness, high yield rice, improvemen
Pertumbuhan, Serapan Hara dan Kualitas Turfgrass pada Beberapa Dosis Pemberian Pupuk Hayati Mikoriza
Get PDFThe objective of the research was to study the effect of mycorrhiza dosage on nutrient uptake, growth and turfgrass quality. The research was conducted at IPB turfgrass experimental farm, Darmaga, Bogor. The experiment was arranged in randomized complete block design with four replications. The treatment consisted of five dosages of mycorrhiza (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 g per pot). The result showed that application of mycorrhiza at 300 g per pot increased coverage area and dry weight of clipping, and decreased vertical height, but it did not significantly increase nutrient uptake and quality of turfgrass compared to control. Key words : Mycorrhiza, turfgrass, growth, nutrient uptake, qualit
Evaluasi Galur Haploid Ganda Pelestari Hasil Kultur Antera untuk Perakitan Galur Mandul Jantan pada Padi
Get PDFHybrid rice has been proven to be the key factor to increase food supply in highly populated countries such as China and India. The success has encouraged the government of Indonesia to intensify research and development on hybrid rice using cytoplasmic-genetic male sterility system. The use of good male sterile line is a prerequisite for commercial seed production of hybrid rice. The objective of this research was to evaluate several F1 plants to develop completely sterile cytoplasmic male sterile line (CMS) with good agronomic characters. This research was conducted at screen house of Bogor Agricultural University during dry season (DS) of 2007. Fourty eight F1s, derived from testcross between cytoplasmic male sterile sources with doubled-haploid (DH) maintainer lines, were evaluated in randomized complete design using three replications. Observation was done on pollen sterility, panicle and stigma exsertion, plant height, and tillering ability. The results showed 14 F1s were completely sterile (100 % pollen sterility). They were A-2/H36-3-Ma, A-1/H36-3-Mb, A-2/H36-3-Mb, A-3/H36-3-Mb, A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-1-Mb, A-3/B1-1-Mb, A-1/B1-2-Pa, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-3/B2-1-M, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-3/B4-1-Da, A-1/B4-1-Dc, and A-3/B4-1-Dc. They also had early flowering date, averaged from 66 - 90 days after planting (DAP). There were other 14 F1s with stigma exsertion more than 70 % and good panicle exsertion, i.e. A-2/H36-3-Mb, A-1/H36-3-Mc, A-2/H36-3-Mc, A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-2-Pa, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-3/B2-1-Db, A-1/B2-1-Dc, A-1/B2-1-M, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-3/B2-4-Pb, A-2/B4-1-Da, A-1/B4-1-Dc and A-3/B4-1-Dc. However, only five F1s had all desirable characteristics as male sterile line candidates, such as 100% pollen sterility, good panicle exsertion, high stigma exsertion, semi-dwarf in plant height and good tillering ability. They were A-1/H36-4-M, A-2/B1-2-Pb, A-1/B2-4-Pb, A-1/B4-1-Dc, A-3/B4-1-Dc. Key words: Doubled-haploid maintainer lines, CMS, pollen sterility, hybrid ric
Induksi Mutasi pada Stek Pucuk Anyelir (Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.) melalui Iradiasi Sinar Gamma
Get PDFIt has been a common knowledge that LD50 is commonly used in estimating optimal doses of gamma irradiation in a breeding program. This research was aimed at observing radiosensitivity of five carnation\u27s genotypes to gamma irradiation, to find the LD50 of carnation\u27s cuttings, and to obtain solid mutants from five numbers of Carnation. For cuttings, carnation genotype number 10.8 was the most insensitive to gamma rays, whereas number 24.15 was the most sensitive one. LD50 of carnation\u27s cuttings were obtained around 49 -72 gray. There were 19 mutants produced from this treatment. The desired mutans were mostly produced from the treated 24.1 genotype whereas the character mutans were mostly observed in MV2 generation. Irradiation treatment on genotype 24.1 produced most stabile mutans while the less was in genotype 24.14. The produced mutants were qualitatively different in colour and petal shape, and stabile till third generation. Key words: LD50, gamma irradiation, induced mutation, carnation
Keragaman Genetik dan Karakter Agronomi Galur Haploid Ganda Padi Gogo dengan Sifat-Sifat Tipe Baru Hasil Kultur Antera
Get PDFThe development of new plant type of upland rice in relatively short time can be done by using anther culture technique. The technique has been recognized as a rapid and efficient technology for plant improvement. Plant materials used in this research were 320 s doubled haploid lines derived from anther culture and their 4 parents namely Fatmawati, SGJT-28, SGJT-36 and Way Rarem. Observation was conducted on plant height, number of productive tillers, days of flowering and maturity, length of panicle, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, percentage of unfilled grains, weight of 1000 grains and weight of grains per hill. The result showed that there were broad variations in the agronomic characters of doubled haploid lines. There were 58 upland rice lines can be obtained with new plant type characters (NPT). Several lines showed superior characters. Line P6-105, P3-134, P3-135, P3-175 had productive tiller more than that of parental, P3-160, P3-196, P6-274 had long panicle, number of grain per panicle and low percentage of unfilled grain, P3-135, P6-271, P6-274, and P6-276 had weight of grains per hill. These lines had potential as new plant type of upland rice. Length of panicle, number of grains per panicle, number of filled grains per panicle, and weight of grains per hill had high heritability and wide genetic variability. Key words: Genetic variability, doubled haploid, anther culture, upland rice
Adaptasi dan Stabilitas Hasil Galur-Galur Padi Beras Merah pada Tiga Lingkungan Tumbuh
Get PDFThe aim of this research was to study the adaptation and yield stability of red rice genotype obtained from back cross selection in three different growing environments. Twenty genotypes of red rice obtained from back cross selection and three parents (Piong, Angka, Kenya) were tested for their potential yield in three different growing environments in the rainy season 2006/2007 and dry season 2007. The experiment used randomized completely block design with three replications in each environment. Each genotype was grown on 5.5 m x 1.25 m plot with plant spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm and only 1 plant per clump. Irrigation in upland was based on the availability of rain water, water management in paddy\u27s field followed a normal lowland rice irrigation technique, and in drought environment, soil water content was maintained at 25 - 30% of soil available water. To analysis the adaptation and the yield stability, analysis of variant AMMI model and Biplot were used. The results indicated that the genotype showing the most stable yield was G5(A4), and this genotype produced 3.60 grain yield ton/ha. Genotype having special adaptation in drought stressed environment were G2(A1) and G3(A2) with average grain yield of 2.93 and 2.11 ton/ha, respectively. Genotype having special adaptation in upland environment were G1(A0) and G4(A3) with average grain yield of 4.43 and 4.44 ton/ha, respectively. Genotype having special adaptation in technical irrigation area was G17(P15) with an average grain yield of 4.92 ton/ha. Key words: Adaptation, stability, red ric
Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Jagung yang Ditumpangsarikan dengan Calopogonium caeruleum Hemsl. disertai Pemupukan Nitrogen
No full textaim of this study was to recognize the influence of CaloDogonium caeruleum aged 24 months or residue of its mulch and the nitrogen fertilizing on the growth and yield of corn plants, the suppression of weed growth as well as biology and chemistry characteristics of soil. The field experiment was carried out in IPB Experiment Field in Darmaga, Bogor. The treatments comprised legume and nitrogen fertilizing factors. The legumes consisted of 3 elements, namely, without legume C. caeruleum. and its mulch residue. There were 4 dosages of nitrogen fertilizing,\u27 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha. The design used were Randomized Block Design, 3 replications, experiment plot size 5 x 4 m. The Arjuna variety of corn were planted with minimum tillage system. The weeds growing in the plot without legumes and the one with C. caeruleum residue were killed by using herbiside. Dosage of 44 kg P and 83 kg K fer ha were applied as the basis fertilizers. The corn planting space was 100 x 25 cm one plant/hole. At planting time / dosage of Urea was applied and the rest of it at 30 days later. The result of the experiment revealed that the C. caeruleum treatment suppressed the growth of the weeds, increased the plant height, stalk twist, leaf area index, plant dry-weight, the weight of grain/ear and the dried grain/plot. The plot without legumes, the one with C. caeruleum and the residue of C. caeruleumproduced 5.14,8.65 and 6.25 kg dried grain respectively. The nitrogen fertilizing had no significance effect towards the grain dry-weight. Compared to the treatment without legumes, C. caeruleum treatment increased the population of soil fungi 77%, Nitrosomonas bacteria 120% and soil respiration 82%. There was also an increase of soil organic content, N-total, available P and available K as much as 35%, 30%, 11 % and 6% respectively. Key words: Corn, Caloeogonium caeruleum. Intercropping, Nitrogen fertilizin
Penampilan Dua Belas Galur Padi Terpilih Hasil Persilangan dan Introduksi di Lahan Pasang Surut Bergambut
No full textMost farmers in tidal swamp areas usually grow local varieties with characteristics: adapted to tidal swamp condition, late varieties (9 to 10 month), photoperiod sensitive, very low potential yield (1 -2 ton/ha), specific grain size and accepted taste. Some farmers have grown improved varieties with high yielding ability and early maturity, but not of good adaptability to tidal swamp conditions, grain size and accepted taste. These are the reasons that the improved varieties can not establish on tidal swamp areas. The experiment was conducted on the peaty tidal swamp condition, and used 12 varieties and lines with Kapuas as control. Two lines had potential yield similar to that of the improved variety but the grain size and the taste acceptibility similar to that of local varieties. Key words: Rice, Tidal swam
Penggunaan Media Alternatif pada Kultur In Vitro Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) Varietas Gajah
Get PDFThe problem faced in cultivation of ginger is the availability of uniform plant propagation materials. Ginger is propagated through underground rhizomes. Growth of the rhizome is not uniform, since the shoots do not sprout at the same time. Most of the rhizomes were attacked by several diseases such as bacterial wilt, soft rot, and nematodes. Propagation of plant material through in-vitro culture is also an obstacle since the price of pure agar and chemicals is very expensive. Therefore, production of cheap, uniform and disease-free plant materials with rapid multiplication rate is necessary for the successful ginger cultivation. The use of alternative media on in-vitro culture of ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) cv. Gajah was conducted in order to substitute cheaper alternative media for in-vitro culture of ginger. An experiment using two basic composition of media (MS and liquid fertilizer) and three different types of agar (seaweed, Swallow and Oxoid agar) was done at the Tissue Culture Laboratory of Center for Research and Development of Isotope and Radiation Technology, Jakarta. The result showed that the highest shoot height, number of shoot and leaf was obtained from medium composition of sea weed and MS. Whilst the medium of Oxoid agar and MS produced the longest and the highest number of root. The cheapest medium was found from seaweed and liquid fertilizer composition, whereas the most expensive medium was from Oxoid agar and MS composition. Seaweed and Swallow agar in MS media showed similar growth performance as well as Oxoid agar in development of ginger plantlets. Key words : Media, In-Vitro, Ginge
lntrogression of Bacterial Leaf Blight Resistance Gene from Oryza Minuta J.B. Presl. Ex C. B. Presl. into New Rice Type (Oryza sativa L.)
Get PDFF1 Hybrids, backcross progenies, advanced introgression lines (2n=24) and monosomic alien addition lines or MAALs (2n=25) were successfully produced following embryo rescue between an elite new plant type (NPT) breeding line of Oryza sativa (2n=24, AA) and a wild species, O. minuta (2n=48, BBCC). F1 hybrids performance were intermediate between the parents. The F1 hybrids had 36 chromosomes indicating having 12 chromosome A from O. sativa and 12 B and 12 C from O. minuta. THE BACK CROSS progenies had different chromosome number indicating abnormal meiosis of the hybrids and back cross progenies. Plant with 2n=24 and 25 chromosomes were obtained in BC4FI. The hybrids and backcross progenies were susceptible to bacterial leaf blight (BB). However, several of the 2n=24 plants derived resistant plant to bacterial leaf blight race 1 of the Philippines races. The gene is different from introgressed gene intio rice from O. longistaminata ( Xa21) and from O. Minuta Acc. 101141 I Key words: Oryza minuta, MAALS, Bacterial leaf bligh