Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Pewarisan Karakter Hasil dan Komponen Hasil pada Dua Populasi Persilangan Cabai Rawit Hijau (Capsicum annuum L.)
Get PDFGenetic information plays an important role in plant selection. This research was aimed to obtain genetic information on pattern inheritance of yield and yield component characters of two crosses population of birds chili. The research used biparental mating design consisted of 40 plants of parents population (P1 and P2), 40 plants of first generation (F1) and reciprocal (F1R) populations, 100 plants of backcross populations (BCP1 and BCP2), and 300 plants of second generation population (F2). Scaling test and joint scaling test indicated the presence of gene interaction (epistasis) in two crosses population. Estimates gene effect also showed that fruit weight character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 was controlled by duplication epistasis, while yield per plant character in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 was controlled by complementary epistasis. All characters of both crosses populations had high broad sense heritability, but the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C174 had medium to high narrow sense heritability, while the characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 had low to medium narrow sense heritability. Genetic difference between parents seemed to affect gene action of a character, in which yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight, and fruit length characters in crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with small genetic difference were more controlled by the action of non additive gene than crosses population of IPB C145 x IPB C291 with large genetic difference.Keywords: epistasis, gene action, genetic difference, heritability, yiel
Pembentukan Buah dan Perkecambahan Tanaman Jarak Pagar pada Transformasi Langsung Melalui Jalur Tabung Polen
Get PDFThe genetic transformation via pollen-tube pathway in jatropha is the first alternative method that was applied in this plant. The objective of the research was to study fruit set and germination of three genotypes of jatropha following direct transformations via pollen-tube pathways. The research was conducted during April 2014 until January 2015 at jatropa’s experimental field, Pasuruan, and at green house of ICABIOGRAD, Bogor. Three genotypes of jatropha i.e., IP3A, IP3P and JcUMM18 were used. In the first experiment, split plot design was used where 3 levels of DNA plasmid concentration as a main plot and 5 levels of stigma-drip time of DNA plasmid as a subplot. In the second experiment randomized block design was used with single factor consisting of 15 combinations of concentration and stigma-drip time of DNA plasmid as treatments and control. The results demonstrated that interaction between concentration and application time of DNA plasmid did not significantly affect fruit and seeds formation of three Jatropha genotypes. Combination of DNA plasmid concentration with time of stigma-drip had significant effect on seed germination rate of IP3A genotype, but not significant on the other variables. The concentration of 0.05-0.5 µg µL-1 and application time of DNA plasmid at 1-10 hours after pollination could be applied on jatropha genetic transformation via pollen-tube pathways.Keywords: DNA plasmid, Jatropha curcas, pCAMBIA1301, pollen-tube, stigma-dri
Potensi Abu Sekam Padi untuk Meningkatkan Ketahanan Oksidatif Non-enzimatik dan Produksi Padi Merah pada Cekaman Kekeringan
Get PDFDrought inhibits several physiological process and induces oxidative stress due to the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mainly in photosynthetic apparatus. Silicon (Si) is known to increase tolerance of rice against drought stress. However, long period of intensive crop cultivation depleted the available soil Si by approximately 11-20%. Rice husk ash (RHA) is potential Si source. The objective of this research was to analyze the potency of RHA through pot experiment to observe: 1) internal water balanced; 2) integrity of cell membrane and antioxidant content; and 3) production of tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng’ and sensitive one ‘Cempo merah’. Application of RHA was at level of 0, 4, and 8 tons ha-1. Drought stress was imposed by with holding water until soil water content reached 50% of field capacity (moderate stress) and 25% of field capacity (severe stress). Application of RHA significantly increased leaf relative water content and membrane stability index of rice ‘Segreng’ and ‘Cempo merah’. Tolerant cultivar ‘Segreng’ had better response than ‘Cempo merah’ as shown by greater leaf relative water content under moderate and severe stress. RHA application at level of 8 tons ha-1 increased index of membrane stability and level of antioxidant (AAred and α-tocopherol) which determine production of both rice ‘Segreng’ and ‘Cempo merah’ during drought.Keywords: antioxidant, field capacity, membrane stability, segreng cultivar, α-tocophero
Tree-based Water Footprint Assessment on Established Oil Palm Plantation in North Sumatera, Indonesia
Get PDFABSTRACTIn a long life cycle of oil palm plantation, sustainable water management is mandatory because irrigation is rarely applied. In order to develop water management for sustainable palm oil production, tree-based water footprint of well-established oil palm plantation was assessed. Field data were collected from February to June 2016 in Dolok Ilir managed by PTPN IV, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Additional data were obtained from interviews on the site and the surrounding estates, reports and references. Results showed that water footprint (WF) for production of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) was 510.69 m3 tonne-1 and crude palm oil (CPO) was 517.79 m3 tonne-1. Green, blue and grey water contributed 94.78%, 0.71% and 4.50% in FFB, and 93.48%, 1.66% and 4.85% in CPO productions, respectively. All green WF was calculated basen on actual value of tree evapotranspiration, therefore, the value was mostly lower than other researchs. Low amount of blue water indicates that the oil palm tree in North Sumatera extracts low amount of ground water. On the other hand, grey water for pollution dilution of fertilizers, pesticides and herbicides were high, i.e., 15.15 m3, 4.77 m3, 3.07 m3 tonne-1 FFB, respectively. It implies that reduction of grey water should be implemented in the near future through precission farming.Keywords: CPO, Elaeis guineensis, precission farming, sustainable production, water footprin
Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Jintan Hitam pada Beberapa Komposisi Media Tanam dan Interval Penyiraman
Get PDFBlack cumin plant ‘Habatussaudah’ (Nigella sativa L.) is a new introduced plant in Indonesia, therefore it is necessary to study cultivation method in order to produce high yield of good quality. This study was aimed to evaluate the growth of black cumin on different composition of media and watering intervals. The experiment was conducted at Sarongge Experimental Station, Cipanas, West Java (1,117 m asl) from June to October 2016. The experiment used a randomized block design with three replications. The treatment consisted of two factors, namely the composition of the planting media and the watering interval. The composition of planting medium consisted of soil only (M0), soil: manure (1:1, v/v) (M1), soil: manure: rice-hull charcoal (1: 1: 1) (M2), soil: manure: rice-hull charcoal (2: 1: 1) (M3). The watering interval consisted of 4 levels, i.e., watering every 4, 7, 10 and 13 days. The results showed that soil with manure and or rice-hull charcoal increased the growth of vegetative, generative and production of black cumin 1.5 g per plant. Watering at intervals of 4 and 7 days produced better plant growth than those of watering with longer intervals. Keywords: Habbatusauda, high altitude, introduced plant, medicinal plant, tropical are
Morfologi Malai Padi (Oryza sativa L.) pada Beragam Aplikasi Pupuk Nitrogen
Get PDFThe effects of nitrogen fertilizer on agronomic and morphological characters depend on several factors such as genotypes and nitrogen rate. The study was aimed to evaluate nitrogen effects on rice panicle. A field experiment was conducted at Babakan Research Station during November 2015- February 2016 using a split-split plot design with three replicates. Nitrogen doses was a main plot, genotypes was a subplot, and time of application was a sub-subplot. A greenhouse experiment was carried out at PAIR, Jakarta during February-July 2017 using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The results from the field experiment indicated that the highest panicle number (13.25), number of filled grains (177.94) and spikelet number (213.76) were obtained at doses of 450 kg urea ha-1. Analysis of variance showed that the genotypic effects were significant for all traits observed, while the interaction effect between genotypes and time of nitrogen application was significant on the length of first grain from first node. However, the three-factors interactions were not significant for all traits. The greenhouse experiment revealed that both genotypes and N rates significantly affected all traits except for panicle number and the length of first grain from first node, respectively, while their interaction only significant for number of primary branch. Nitrogen increased all traits observed except the length of first grain from first node. Simultaneously, both experiments showed significant effects of genotypes for all traits observed. Doses of urea fertilizers above 400 kg ha-1 could improve the performance of panicle traits in order to increase yield potential
Pewarisan Sifat Toleransi Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L) Terhadap Cekaman Suhu Rendah
Get PDFOne of the definite successful of rice breeding programs for increasing yield and tolerance to environmental stress condition is selection method. Selection method will be effectively if it is supported by a perfect knowledge of genetics character inheritance. The objectives of this study is to investigate the information of inheritance pattern adapted of rice towards low temperature stress condition. The experiment was conducted in both Sesean rural area, Toraja regency, South Sulawesi on 1500 m above sea levels, an mean temperature 15 o C, type of soil is Podzolic and at Bogor Agriculture Institute. This experiment is done in January 2006 until July 2007. The result showed that tolerance parental grew well and higher yield than sensitive parental. There were no significant differences between F1 and F1 reciprocal for all characters. Tolerance parental is more superior than sensitive parental in all characters have been tested. Mean of F1 generation is in between tolerance parental and sensitive parental. BCP1 has spheres wider than parentals and F1 generation, but BCP2 smaller than parentals and F1 generation. F2 generation is spheres wider than the average of both parentals. The m [d] [h] genetic model is the most suitable for all characters. Except, date of flowering and weight of filled rice where appropriate models is m [d] [h] [l]. Broad sense and narrow sense heritability is range between low to high. Based on the degree of dominant, additive effect is higher than dominant effect. The negative F value reached on date of flowering and fur lenght; and others characters, F value is positive
Efek Pupuk KCl dan SP-36 Terhadap Kalium Tersedia, Serapan Kalium dan Hasil Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) pada Tanah Brunizem
Get PDFMolucca, in general and especially Ambon has ground nut fields with low productivity compared to national yield of ground nut. Brunizem has low levels of K and P nutrients. These conditions were interesting to be investigated. The research took place in a plastic house for two months in Halong village, sub district Baguala. The research was done in a Completely Randomized Design with 2 Factors. The first factor was three levels of K fertilizer, ie K0 (no K fertilizer application), K1 ( 0.5 g KCl/pot) and K2 ( 1.0 g KCl/pot). The second factor was three levels of P fertilizers, ie P0 (no P fertilizer application), P1 (0.6 g SP-36/pot), and P2 (1.2 g SP-36/pot). The aim of the research was to investigate the availability and sorption of potassium, growth and dryweight-of ground nut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seed due to the application of KCl and SP-36 fertilizers on Brunizem. The results of this research showed a high significant effect of potassium fertilizer treatment on soil-pH, availibility and sorption of K, plant height, stem diameter, and dryseed weight of ground nut. Treatment g P fertilizer has a significant effect on soil pH, available K, plant height, and dry weight of seed. The interaction of K and P fertilizers had no significant effect on K availability and sorption of K. K availability of 0.26 me/100 g and 4.95% of plant-K was attained at the treatment of 1.0 g KCl/pot. The high dry yield of ground nut (17.35 g/pot) was achieved at dose of 1.0 g KCl/pot, meanwhile dose of 1.2 g SP-36/pot gave the highest seed-dry yield of ground nu