Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy)
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Mekanisme Adaptasi Jagung terhadap Cekaman NaCl: Pola Serapan Anion dan Kation
Get PDFSalt solubility is the abiotic pressure which has the most effect on the loss of plant quantity and quality. Salinity not only makes plants stressful but also presents severe constraints on crop production so an attempt to understand plant adaptation mechanisms is important for expanding agricultural production on saline soils. This study aimed to obtain a mechanism for the adaptation of hybrid and composites maize to NaCl stress through anion and cation absorption patterns. The experiments were carried out at the LLDikti Region X Laboratory from May to August 2016. The experiments were arranged in a factorial complete randomized design with three replications. The first factor was corn varieties, namely: hybrid corn (Pioneer 22 and Bisi 12), and composite corn (Bisma and Sukmaraga). The second factor was level of NaCl, namely: 0.0 mg kg-1 NaCl pH 5.0, and 4,000 mg kg-1 NaCl pH 5.0. Measurement of anions and cations using Spectroquant Thermoreator TR Nova 420. The adaptability of hybrid maize and composites to NaCl stress occurred through the mechanism of anion absorption and cation metabolism. The difference in the percentage of NO3-, NO2-, PO4-, NH4+, and K+ levels between hybrid maize varieties and composites showed a difference in the adaptation ability of maize varieties to salinity stress.
Keywords: abiotic, mechanism, salinity, varietie
Keragaman Fenotipik dan Kekerabatan Plasma Nutfah Talas (Colocasia esculenta) Pulau Bangka berdasarkan Karakter Morfologi
Get PDFGermplasm diversity of local taro in Bangka as genetic resources for plant breeding purposes is still unknown. This research aimed to provide information on Bangka Taro’s variability and relationship for plant breeding programs. This research was conducted in December 2017 until February 2018. Characterization of the germplasm was performed on qualitative and quantitative parameters. Analysis of morphological relationships used the UPGMA method. Exploration obtained 27 germplasm of Bangka local taro. The results of the morphological relationship analysis showed nine clusters at a 0.57 coefficient (57%). Cluster one consisted of Tungkuk, Sayur, Hitam/Nyatoh, Rakit Hijau, Lilin, and Cantik Manis accessions. Cluster two consisted of Rakit Hitam accession. Cluster three consisted of Ganjung, Trans 2, Sungai Tebuk and Trans 1 accessions. Cluster four consisted of Sayang Anak, Pak Ugo and Trans 3 accessions. Cluster five consisted of Angit and Kelat Mentak Kelapa accessions. Cluster six consisted of Pelawan Toboali, Wangi/Colet and Simbang accessions. Cluster seven consisted of Alar accession. Cluster eight consisted of Pelawan Rukem, Kelat Mentak Rukem, Selaseh, Pinangbo and Telok Simbang accessions.Cluster nine consisted of Butir/Pikul and Butir Mentaram accessions. Bangka local taro had wide phenotypic variability in the observed morphological characters.
Keywords: accesion, fenotipic, cluster, relationship, variabilit
Identifikasi dan Potensi Cendawan Indigenous untuk Pelapukan Batang Kelapa Sawit di Bogor, Indonesia
Get PDFIndigenous microorganisms effectively accelerate the decomposition of agricultural waste and agricultural waste that has been decomposed properly can be an organic fertilizer containing macro and microelements. The aim of the study was to determine the potential of indigenous cellulolytic fungi in the palm oil stems after replanting. The research was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Field Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga, West Java. The experiment was conducted in October 2018 until January 2019, using a randomized complete block design consisting of four decomposition methods treatment: control, added with decomposer, chopping, and chopping+decomposer. The results showed that four isolates and isolate A were chosen to calculate the number of fungi at a dilution rate of 10-6 because they had the largest diameter. The identification results of isolate A were Trichoderma harzianum fungi and it was concluded that Trichoderma sp. in the palm oil stem after replanting, it has the potential as an indigenous cellulolytic fungus of oil palm trunks. The chopping+decomposer treatment can accelerate the weathering of the oil palm stem with a significant influence between the treatments that have met the requirements of compost maturity as specified in SNI 19-7030-2004 with ratio C/N 16.11 at 3 months after treatment.
Keywords: decomposer, Elaeis guineensis Jacq., isolate, Trichoderma sp
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Pembungaan Bunga Lisptik ‘Soedjana Kasan’ terhadap Aplikasi GA3, Etefon, dan Paklobutrazol
Get PDFAeschynanthus ‘Soedjana Kasan’ atau bunga lipstik ‘Soeka’ adalah varietas baru hasil persilangan antara dua spesies bunga lipstik yaitu Aeschynanthus radicans Jack. dan Aeschynanthus tricolor Hook. Tanaman ini memiliki kelemahan yaitu berbunga setahun sekali dan bunganya cepat rontok. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh berbagai konsentrasi giberelin (GA3), etefon, dan paklobutrazol terhadap pertumbuhan dan pembungaan bunga lipstik ‘Soeka’. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan sembilan perlakuan, yaitu GA3 50 ppm, GA3 100 ppm, GA3 150 ppm, etefon 50 ppm, etefon 100 ppm, paklobutrazol 50 ppm, paklobutrazol 100 ppm, dan paklobutrazol 150 ppm yang diaplikasikan pada tanaman berumur 4 minggu serta tanpa perlakuan ZPT sebagai kontrol. Setiap perlakuan diulang 5 kali sehingga terdapat 45 satuan percobaan. Masing-masing satuan percobaan terdiri dari satu pot berisi lima stek tanaman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan jumlah cabang terbanyak didapatkan pada tanaman dengan aplikasi GA3 150 ppm, sedangkan untuk pertambahan jumlah daun dan panjang cabang, aplikasi ZPT tidak berpengaruh nyata. Ruas batang bunga lipstik memendek dengan aplikasi etefon dan memanjang dengan aplikasi GA3 dan paklobutrazol. Waktu inisiasi tercepat adalah aplikasi etefon 50 dan 100 ppm yaitu 1 sampai 2 minggu setelah aplikasi. Aplikasi paklobutrazol 100 ppm menghasilkan jumlah bunga terbanyak dan bunga yang dihasilkan dapat bertahan hingga menjadi buah.
Kata kunci: Aeschynanthus, pembungaan, pertumbuhan, tanaman hias, zat pengatur tumbuhAeschynanthus ‘Soedjana Kasan’ or ‘Soeka’ lipstick flower is a new inter-specific hybrid variety derived from Aeschynanthus radicans Jack. and Aeschynanthus tricolor Hook. This variety generally blooms once a year and the flowers are easily abscised. The aim of this research was to study the effects of different concentrations of plant growth regulator (PGR) (GA3, ethephon, and paclobutrazol) on plant growth and flowering of ‘Soeka’ lipstick flower. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with nine treatments, consisted of spraying application of GA3 at 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, ethepon at 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and paclobutrazol at 50 ppm, 100 ppm, and 150 ppm. Plants without PGR application were used as control. Each treatment was replicated five times, each of which consisted of one pot containing 5 stem cuttings. The results showed that the highest number of branch increments were obtained by plants sprayed with 150 ppm GA3. All PGR treatments had no significant effect on the total number of leaves and branch length. Application of ethephon resulted in shorter internodes, whereas GA3 or paclobutrazol applications resulted in longer internodes. The fastest flower initiation was obtained in 1 to 2 weeks after ethephon application at 50 and 100 ppm. The highest number of flowers were obtained on plants sprayed with 100 ppm paclobutrazol. In contrast to the abscised flowers induced by other PGR, those induced by paclobutrazol were successfully developed into fruits.
Keywords: Aeschynanthus, flowering, growth, ornamental plant, plant growth regulato
Penentuan Dosis N, P, dan K Optimum untuk Padi Gogo Kultivar Mayas Lokal Kalimantan
Get PDFABSTRAK
Pemupukan berimbang adalah metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan produksi padi dan menjaga keberlanjutan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dosis optimum pupuk N, P, K untuk padi gogo kultivar Mayas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juli 2019 di lahan Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, IPB University, Bogor. Percobaan terdiri atas tiga percobaan paralel untuk N, P dan K dengan tingkat dosis pupuk berbeda menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak sebanyak tiga ulangan. Dosis pupuk yang digunakan yaitu 0, 50, 100, 150, dan 200% dari acuan (100% N = 150 kg Urea ha-1, 100% P = 100 kg SP36 ha-1, 100% K = 100 kg KCl ha-1). Hasil dari peubah yang diamati dikonversi menjadi hasil relatif dan persamaan kuadrat dibuat untuk menentukan dosis pupuk N, P dan K optimum padi gogo Mayas, yaitu 174.79% N, 90.76% P2O5, dan 77.14% K2O dari acuan yang setara dengan 120.60 kg N, 32.67 kg P2O5, dan 46.28 kg K2O ha-1 atau 261.18 kg urea, 90.76 kg SP36, dan 77.14 kg KCl ha-1.
Kata kunci: hasil relatif, multi nutrient response, dosis rekomendasiABSTRACT
A balanced fertilizer is an effective method for increasing rice production and maintaining environmental sustainability. This study objective was to determine optimum dosage of N, P, K fertilizers for Mayas variety of upland rice. The research was conducted from January to July 2019 on the Leuwikopo Experimental Station of IPB University, Bogor. This work was consisted of three parallel experiments each for N, P, K fertilizer. The treatment was fertilizer dosage, i.e. 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the reference (100% N = 150 kg Urea ha-1, 100% P = 100 kg SP36 ha-1, 100% K = 100 kg KCl ha-1). All treatments were arranged in a randomized complete group design. The results from variables observed are converted to relative yield and a quadratic equation is made to determine the optimum fertilizer dosage for N, P, and K of Mayas upland rice, i.e. 174.79% N, 90.76% P2O5, 77.14% K2O from reference similar to 120.60 kg N, 32.67 kg P2O5, 46.28 kg K2O ha-1 or 261.18 kg urea, 90.76 kg SP36, 77.14 kg KCl ha-1.
Keywords: relative yield, multi nutrient response, recommendation dosag
Produktivitas Tanaman Trichanthera gigantea pada Berbagai Taraf Naungan dan Pupuk Kandang Kelinci
Get PDFSebagian besar tanaman pakan ternak (TPT) dikembangkan di lahan marjinal dan integrasi dengan tanaman pangan maupun perkebunan. Trichantera gigantea (TG) merupakan tanaman pakan ternak (TPT) yang termasuk legum pohon dengan kandungan nutrisi cukup baik dan toleran naungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara naungan dengan pemberian pupuk kandang terhadap produktivitas dan karakteristik pertumbuhan tanaman Trichantera gigantea (TG). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan naungan yaitu 0, 36, dan 72%, dan faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk kandang yaitu 0, 250, dan 500 g per tanaman, masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan bobot biomassa segar Trichantera gigantea tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan naungan 72% dan dosis pupuk kandang 250 g per tanaman, berturut-turut sebesar 64.25 cm, 60.75 helai, dan 113.50 g per tanaman.
Kata kunci: naungan, pertumbuhan, produksi, pupuk kandang, Trichanthera giganteaMost of the animal feed plants (AFP) are developed on marginal land and integrated with food crops and plantations. Trichantera gigantea (TG) is an AFP which is a tree legume with good nutrition and shade tolerance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction between the shade and the provision of manure on the productivity and growth characteristics of the Trichantera gigantea (TG) plant. The experiment used a factorial randomized block design (RCBD) with two factors. The first factor was shade treatment, 0, 36, and 72%, and the second factor was the dose of manure, 0, 250, and 500 g per plant, each treatment was repeated three times. The results showed that the highest plant height, number of leaves, and biomass production of Trichantera gigantea were achieved at 72% shade treatment and doses of manure 250 g per plant, respectively 64.25 cm, 60.75, and 113.50 g per plant.
Keywords: shade, growth, production, manure, Trichanthera gigante
Jejak Lahan Sistem Pertanian Terpadu Tanaman-Ternak di Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur
Get PDFJejak lahan merupakan salah satu indikator untuk mengukur daya dukung lingkungan suatu sistem pertanian berkelanjutan. Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi daya dukung lingkungan sistem pertanian terpadu dan ternak melalui pendekatan jejak lahan dalam rangka membangun usaha pertanian berkelanjutan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Mei-Agustus 2019 di Desa Sekaran, Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur. Data indeks ketersediaan pangan (IKP) dan indeks daya dukung pakan (IDD) diformulasikan dari laporan dan wawancara. Hasil menunjukkan IKP dan IDD tahunan dalam katagori cukup dengan nilai 3.4 dan 7.2. Jejak lahan pangan adalah 143.2 ha dan jejak lahan pakan adalah 759.1 ha yang mencakup jejak lahan pakan asal limbah pertanian tanaman pangan dan hijauan. Nilai jejak lahan total pangan-pakan yakni 759.1 ha lebih rendah daripada luas lahan tersedia untuk kegiatan agronomi yakni 1,574 ha, yang mengindikasikan kecukupan daya dukung lingkungan untuk membangun sistem pertanian berkelanjutan. Namun demikian, pada April-Mei nilai IDD < 1 yang berarti ada keterbatasan pakan untuk mendukung populasi ternak yang ada. Berdasarkan nilai IDD bulanan, populasi sapi pembibitan yang dapat ditopang adalah 713 ekor dan sapi penggemukan sebanyak 24 ekor. Populasi sapi penggemukan dapat ditingkatkan hingga 1,590-2,515 ekor dengan menambah ketersediaan pakan melalui pembuatan silase, penanaman rumput gajah dan tanaman hijauan lain yang tahan kering.Land footprint is one of indicator of ecological capacity for developing sustainable agriculture systems. The study aimed to evaluate ecological capacity of integrated farming agriculture-livestock through land footprint in order to develop integrated sustainable agriculture. Research was conducted in May-August 2019 at Sekaran Village, Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia. Food availability index (FAI) and feed carrying capacity index (FCC) was calculated from reports and interview. Evaluation showed annual FAI was 3.4 and FCC was 7.2 those indicated sufficiency status with foodland footprint was 143.2 ha and cattleland footprint was 759.1 ha. Total land footprint for food-feed was 759.1 ha valued below total available land for agronomic activities, i.e., 1,574 ha indicating high ecological capacity to support integrated farming systems. However, for April-May had FCC < 1 indicated insecurity fodder availability to support existing cattle population. Based on feed availability, maximum amount for cow breeding stock was 713 and for fattening was 24 cows. The fattening population could be increased up to 1,590-2,515 by increasing fodder availability through silage production, planting king grass and drought tolerant tree crops to sustain the integration
Karakter Morfologi dan Produktivitas Kultivar Rumput Benggala (Panicum maximum) pada Tanah Kering Masam
Get PDFRumput benggala merupakan tanaman pakan ternak (TPT) yang banyak digunakan oleh peternak di Indonesia. Pengembangan budidaya TPT selalu diarahkan pada lahan marjinal atau sub optimal. Lahan kering masam merupakan lahan marjinal yang cukup luas di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat karakter morfologi dan produktivitas kultivar rumput benggala di tanah kering masam. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi selama 10 bulan, menggunakan tiga kultivar rumput benggala (kultivar Petrie, Gatton dan Natsuyutaka). Kultivar tersebut ditanam di dua jenis tanah yaitu tanah kering masam (pH 4.5) dan tidak masam (pH 7.10) pada pot berdiameter 40 cm dan tinggi 30 cm. Rancangan percobaan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 10 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis tanah dan faktor kedua adalah kultivar rumput benggala. Peubah yang diamati yaitu karakter morfologi, umur berbunga, produksi biji dan produksi hijauan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakter morfologi seperti panjang daun, panjang ruas, diameter batang, panjang bunga dipengaruhi oleh jenis kultivar (P<0.05) dan tidak dipengaruhi oleh jenis tanah (P>0.05). Produktivitas rumput dipengaruhi jenis tanah (P<0.05). Produktivitas semua kultivar rumput benggala yang diuji menurun pada tanah kering masam, sehingga dikategorikan sebagai kultivar tidak toleran terhadap lahan kering masam. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan kegiatan pemuliaan untuk memperoleh kultivar rumput benggala toleran di lahan kering masam.
Kata kunci: produksi, suboptimal, tanaman pakanRumput benggala merupakan tanaman pakan ternak (TPT) yang banyak digunakan oleh peternak di Indonesia. Pengembangan budidaya TPT, selalu diarahkan pada lahan sub optimal. Salah satu lahan suboptimal yang luas keberadaannya adalah lahan kering masam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat karakter morfologi dan produktivitas kultivar rumput benggala di tanah masam. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi, menggunakan 3 kultivar rumput benggala (kultivar Petrie, Gatton dan Natsuyutaka). Kultivar tersebut ditanam di 2 jenis tanah yaitu tanah masam dan tidak masam pada pot berdiameter 40 cm. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan 10 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah karakter morfologi, umur berbunga, produksi biji dan produksi hijauan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa karakter morfologi seperti panjang dan, panjang ruas, diameter batang, panjang kuntum bunga lebih dipengaruhi oleh kultivar jika dibandingkan jenis tanah. Sedangkan produktivitas rumput lebih dipengaruhi jenis tanah, produktivitas tanaman menurun pada tanah masam jika dibandingkan di tanah tidak masam. Semua kultivar rumput benggala yang diuji produktivitasnya menurun pada tanah masam, menunjukkan bahwa ketiga kultivar yang diuji tidak toleran pada lahan masam. Sehingga perlu dilakukan kegiatan pemuliaan untuk memperoleh rumput benggala toleran masam.
Kata kunci: produksi, suboptimal, tanaman paka
Pemanfaatan Mikroba Tanah dalam Pembuatan Pupuk Organik serta Peranannya terhadap Tanah Aluvial dan Pertumbuhan Bibit Tanaman Kakao
Get PDFThe use of microorganisms and organic materials in agriculture because it can increase the availability of soil nutrients and absorption by plants and form soil structures becomes looser. The purpose of this study was to obtain the most effective types of decomposer microorganisms and the most appropriate organic fertilizer (compost) to improve the physical, chemical and biological properties of alluvial soils and their role in plants in cocoa seedlings. The research was conducted in the Laboratory of Soil, Greenhouses and experimental gardens of the Agricultural Polytechnic State Payakumbuh Tanjung Pati Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota. The study uses experimental methods. The study used a factorial randomized block design on soil tests and a complete randomized design for the cacao seedling test. Parameters observed were alluvial soil pH, N-total alluvial soil, P-available alluvial soil, K-exchangeable alluvial soil, alluvial soil volume weight, the total population of alluvial soil bacteria, plant height of cocoa seedlings, number of leaves of cocoa seedlings, stem diameter of cocoa seedlings, dry weight of cacao seed stover. The results of the study there were no differences in the treatment of the type of compost and the type of microorganisms to the pH value of the soil. Types of microorganisms with the type of compost can increase the total N content in alluvial soil. The use of compost types and types of microorganisms had a significantly different effect on the value of soil volume weight, P-available, K-exchangeable, and the total population of alluvial soil bacteria. Treatment of Type of Compost Tithonia and Types of Pseudomonas fluorescens + Trichoderma harzianum microorganisms have the best influence on soil test variables. The application of cacao seedlings at the dose of Tithonia compost 1.25 kg/polybag provides the best growth.
Keywords: Alluvial soil, cocoa seedlings, compost, microorganism
