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Valuing the Child’s Freedom of Will – Prolegomena on a Pedagogical Ethics of Responsivity in Post-mythic Times
Get PDFIf we pursue the question of the child’s freedom of will as a resistive factor in the process of education from a historical and systematic point of view, a significant and at the same time still highly controversial change in thought and action can be observed. With the release of man from his childship to God initiated by the Enlightenment, pedagogical authority loses its once absolute basis of legitimacy. The educator’s claim to unconditional obedience on the part of the child is gradually being called into doubt – right up to the radical view of an ideology-critical philosophy of education today that the only legitimate judge of pedagogical interventions is their addressee itself, namely the child and the later adult. For the ethics of education, this means a shift in emphasis from the authoritative should to the conciliatory dialogue with the child, which is in principle open-ended. In the process of upbringing/education, the child is now conceded a relevant voice that can count on being heard and receiving an understanding response
METODIKA PRO 8. A 9. ROČNÍK ZŠ
Get PDFTyto materiály vypracoval tým z Výzkumného centra pro mládež,
Melbourne Graduate School of Education, University of Melbourne.
Autory metodik jsou:
Metodiky pro mladší žáky: doc. Helen Cahill, Catherine Meakin, Dr. Kylie
Smith, Sally Beadle, Anne Farrelly, Leanne Higham a Dr. Jessica Crofts.
Metodiky pro starší žáky: doc. Helen Cahill, Sally Beadle, Leanne
Hingham, Catherine Meakin, Anne Farrelly, Dr. Jessica Crofts a Dr. Kylie
Smith.
Projekt byl realizován za finanční podpory Islandu, Lichtenštejnska
a Norska prostřednictvím Fondů EHP 2014-2021
Sofia Kovalevskaya or what is it like to be the first female professor of mathematics?
No full textSofie Kovalevská je matematikům známá především díky teorému Cauchyho-Kovalevské, ale věděli jste, že byla i první ženou, která se stala profesorkou matematiky? A i přesto si stejně jako mnozí z nás prošla v roli učitelky těžkými začátky, což pro nás může být velkou inspirací. Tento článek je zaměřen na strastiplnou cestu Sofie Kovalevské k vysněnému postu vysokoškolské profesorky a dále na její úspěšné leč krátké působení na univerzitě.The life and achievements of mathematician Sofia Kovalevskaya have inspired many women for more than 100 years, and her struggle for equal rights for women and men remains topical today. Sofia became the first professor of mathematics, but due to her time she had no previous teaching experience and we can learn through archival material what problems she faced as a trainee teacher
Expressing the whole-part relationship with a fraction, focusing on the continuous and discrete models in the solutions of lower secondary students
No full textZlomky jsou jedno z nejnáročnějších témat matematiky základní školy. Vztah celku a části přitom bývá označován jako klíčová oblast pro jejich hloubkové porozumění. Provedli jsme výzkum mezi 326 žáky 2. stupně čtyř základních škol v Praze s cílem zjistit, jak žáci pracují s kruhovým a diskrétním modelem v úlohách zaměřených na vztah celku a části. Zjistili jsme, že žáci častěji vynechávají úlohy s diskrétním modelem, ale pokud se je rozhodnou řešit, řeší je pak správněji než úlohy s kruhovým modelem. Žáci také pravděpodobně často používají jiné strategie při řešení stejné úlohy s jiným modelem a na úlohy nahlížejí izolovaně. Mezi nejčastějšími žákovskými chybami se objevovalo např. špatné nebo nepřesné dělení kruhu na třetiny, nevyznačení požadované části či záměna zadání (z celku určit část vs. z části celek). Rozebrány jsou i různé strategie žákovského řešení těchto úloh, které mohou být zajímavé nejen pro učitele matematiky.Fractions are one of the most challenging topics in primary school mathematics. The relationship between whole and part is considered to be a key one for their deep understanding. We conducted a study with 326 lower secondary school pupils in Prague to investigate how they work with the circle and discrete models in problems focusing on the part-whole relationship. We found that pupils are more likely to skip problems with the discrete model, but if they choose to solve them, they solve them more correctly than problems with the circle model. Pupils are also likely to often use different strategies when solving the same problem with a different model and to view problems in isolation. Among the most common pupil errors were, for example, incorrect or inaccurate division of the circle into thirds, not marking the required part, or confusion of the task (to determine the part from the whole vs. from the part to the whole). Different pupil strategies for solving these problems are also discussed, which may be of interest not only to mathematics teachers
From Scout Boy to Pioneer. An Example of Political Misuse of the Concept of a Youth Organization of Scout Boys in Slovakia
Get PDFThe Scout Boys, which had the original name Junák in Czechoslovakia, began official activity on our territory in 1914. Their promisingly developing membership base and attractive activity were disrupted by the events of World War II. Even before the coup in 1948, the Communists began massively building their party structures. One of the goals was to build a single and unified youth organization under the control of the Communist Party. Between 1945 and 1949, they gradually “united” all children’s and youth organizations that resumed their activities after World War II. One of them was Junák, which before the war had the largest membership base in Czechoslovakia and a welldeveloped system of working with children. The goal of our research was to find out how the children’s organization Junák was incorporated into the Czechoslovak Youth Union after the communist coup in 1948 and how its gradual transformation into the children’s Pioneer organization. In our research, we used periodical professional literature and periodical press, archival sources in the Slovak National Archives and the archive of the Slovak Youth Institute (IUVENTA) in Bratislava, as well as unpublished memories of Mr. Jozef Mikloš, chairman of the Historical Commission of Slovak Scouting
Coronamath – the teaching of mathematics, during distance teaching through pupils’ eyes
No full textČlánek popisuje výuku matematiky z pohledu žáků několika základních škol v Praze v reakci na pandemii koronaviru SARS-CoV-2, tedy během distanční výuky spojené s uzavřením škol. Zabývá se tím, jak změny vnímají samotní žáci, a otázkou, zda má změna stylu výuky vliv na vnímání kvality jejich porozumění matematice. Bylo zjišťováno i to, zda žáci se ztrátou prezenční výuky začali vyhledávat individuální doučování matematiky, či zda na něj začali nahlížet jinak než v době prezenční výuky.The article describes how selected lower-secondary pupils in Prague perceive their mathematics education during the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic connected to the closed schools. We investigated how the changes were perceived by the pupils, and if the change of the learning style influenced the pupils’ perceptions of the quality of their own understanding. It was also inquired whether pupils sought private tutoring more, and/or whether they changed their perception of it
The influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on managerial functions: Theory verified by Delphi method
Get PDFThe aim of the article is to analyse the performance of managerial functions in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The first part of the article focuses on a systematic literature review (SLR) aimed at identifying the most frequently researched managerial functions in the context of changes due to the pandemic and the difficulties in performing these functions. A total of 211 articles from the Web of Science database were analysed, 18 of which were relevant to the present research. Based on the SLR conducted, two research questions were identified and answered by conducting a three-round Delphi survey among the experts interviewed (a total of 23 company managers). The results show that during the COVID-19 pandemic, the managerial function of planning has the highest importance and was performed the most often, followed by the function of leading. The managers gave minor importance to the organising function, which was statistically confirmed by Friedmann ANOVA followed by post hoc analysis – the Bonferroni-Dunn test. The results also confirmed a satisfactory level of expert agreement on the data obtained (Kendall W ~ 0.7–0.84), confirming the relevance of the findings. Also, several internal barriers that affected the work of managers were identified. The results are somewhat unusual, as most of the constraints faced by managers were imposed by the external environment, such as government regulations or sanitary measures. This discrepancy suggests that companies should emphasise improving their crisis management in the future. The results obtained thus provide the basis for further research in the area analysed. At the same time, it is possible to move away from the COVID-19 situation and transform the issue into managerial management in crises
