Althea Medical Journal
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Knowledge and Attitude about Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis among Healthcare Workers in Public Health Centres
Get PDFBackground: Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a significant public health problem and poses a threat to global tuberculosis (TB) control. In 2015, at least 504 new MDR-TB cases were identified in Indonesia. Treating MDR-TB patients is very challenging. It may take more than two years for MDR-TB treatment. Therefore, it is crucial healthcare workers (HCWs) are knowledgeable about MDR-TB. The aim of this study was to measure level of knowledge and attitude regarding MDR-TB among HCWs in public health centres.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at 73 Public Health Centres in Bandung the capital of West Java Province from August until November 2015. The samples were 73 TB nurses and 32 laboratory staff. A self-administered questionnaire was given comprising 27 knowledge questions and 29 attitude questions. Correlation between knowledge and attitude scores was calculated by Pearson correlation test.Results: The majority of study participants were women (82.9%), married (92.4%), nursing staff (65.7%) with history of TB training (98.1%). Most of the participants were 40-59 years old (69.5%) with working experience in TB programme < 10 years (69.5%). Less than half (38.1%) of study participants had good knowledge. In terms of attitude, more than half (53.3%) of study participants had a positive attitude towards MDR-TB.Conclusions: The level of knowledge among HCWs about MDR-TB is still at an unacceptable level. Certain educational interventions aim to ensure prompt diagnosis, implement infection control and accurate treatment should be established among those HCWs. [AMJ.2016;3(4):509–13]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.93
Balance, General Cognition and Lower Motoric Strength in Elderly: Tai Chi Versus Brisk Walking
Get PDFBackground: The number of elderly in Indonesia continues to increase. A better quality of life can be achieved by preventing reduction of elderly’s cognition, balance and strength of the lower extremities. Tai Chi has been suggested as one of the sports to maintain cognition, balance and lower extremity strength for elder people. However, there are still few studies that compare Tai Chi to other exercises. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of practicing Tai Chi verrsus brisk walking.Methods: The study design was observational, cross-sectional. Elderly who practiced Tai Chi and Brisk-walk in Tegalega sport field were chosen as the target population. The respondents must be at least 60 years old, no history of cardiovascular disease in the last 3 months, no musculoskeletal complaints, no obvious signs and symptoms of chronic diseases. Afterwards, the respondents were examined using Timed Up and Go (TUG) Test for balance, Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) for cognition and leg dynamometer for the lower extrimities strength. The collected data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney statistical test and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Results: No significant difference was detected among the three parameters between Tai Chi group (TCG) and Brisk Walking group (BWG). Difference of 0.5 (p=0.314) and 0.6 (p=0.554) was found for TUG Test and MoCA Test between TCG and BWG using Mann Whitney. The leg dynamometer was tested using Kolmogorov-smirnov (p = 1.00).Conclusions: Similar result of balance, cognition, and lower motor strength are found between TCG and BWG. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.106
Knowledge and Attitude on Febrile Seizure among Mothers with Under-Five Children
Get PDFBackground: Febrile seizures frequently occur in children under 5 years old and usually create fear and anxiety among parents. Poor understanding of febrile seizure among parents contributes to mismanagement of seizure. The objective of this study was to identify the knowledge and attitude on febrile seizure among mothers of under five children.Methods: This descriptive community-based survey comprised of 96 mothers with under 5 children who were chosen through randomization. This survey was, conducted in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia in October 2013. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency analysis.Results: Fifty nine respondents (61%) considered that high fever in their children will result in seizure and 63 mothers (65%) stated that this condition was a life-threatening situation which could lead to brain damage (50%) and paralysis (50%). There were some respondents who would manage seizure by shaking (27%) or holding the child tightly during seizure (22%) and putting spoon into the children mouth (59%). Sixty respondents (62.5%) prevented febrile seizure by giving them coffee.Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude regarding febrile seizure is good, but the knowledge and attitude towards the outcome and what to do during febrile seizures occasion are still poor. [AMJ.2016;3(4):649–54] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.95
Relationship between Nutritional Status and Flat Foot in Children
Get PDFBackground: Pediatric flatfoot has been reported as the highest clinical complains for foot problems in pediatric department. Nutritional status has showed great influence on the occurrence of flat foot. There are many debates regarding whether underweight or overweight children are more prone to flatfoot. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between nutritional status and flatfoot in children.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted from July to October 2015 in 3 primary schools in Kecamatan Jatinangor. There were 259 children of grade 4 to 5 included in this study. Flatfoot screening was based on measurement of footprint and calculation using Chippaux-smirak index (CSI). The height and weight of children were measured to obtain their Body Mass Index (BMI). Nutritional status was classified based on CDC BMI-for-age growth charts. Analysis was done using chi-square test.Results: There was significant association between nutritional status and flatfoot with p value<0.001.The prevalence of flatfoot in children grade 4to5is40%. When compared to the normal weight children, the overweight children showed prevalence ratio of 1.97(95% CI:1.47 to 2.64) while the underweight children showed prevalence ratio of 1.34 (95% CI:1.78 to 2.25).This stated that the risk of developing flat foot was higher in overweight children.Conclusions: There is significant association between nutritional status with children grade4 to 5. Overweight children are more prone to flat foot. [AMJ.2017;4(1):152–6] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.103
Correlation between Body Mass Index and Disability in Patient with Chronic Low Back Pain
Get PDFBackground: Low back pain is discomfort presented below the margin of the 12th thoracic rib and above the inferior gluteal fold with or without leg pain. It is also a major cause of disability. Several risk factors have been identified for contributing low back pain. It is important to determine whether body mass index (BMI) can affect the disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire has been used to measure the severity of disability. Thus, the focus of study was to determine correlation between BMI and disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Sixty two patients aged 18 years old or more who were clinically diagnosed as having low back pain at least 3 months participated in this study in the period of October to November 2015 in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Total sampling method was used. Gender, age, weight, height, BMI and disability were recorded using ODI questionnaire. This analytical study was cross sectional study and the ordinal variable was analyzed using linear regression analysis.Results: Females had higher proportion (77). Chronic low back pain patients were equally distributed on normal weight and overweight categories. Patient with chronic low back pain had higher chances of developing moderate disability. There were positive correlation between BMI and disability. Nevertheless, there was no statistically analysis difference between model 1 and 2.Conclusions: The BMI affects the disability in patients with chronic low back pain. [AMJ.2016;3(4):624–8] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.94
Correlation of Personal Hygiene Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among School Children in Sumedang, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: School-age children make up the largest proportion of Indonesian youth population. One of the ways to maintain children’s health is by making personal hygiene as a habit. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of personal hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices among school children. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study, was carried out to 123 sixth graders at five elementary schools in Jatinangor , Sumedang, Indonesia, who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. This study was carried out in October 2013. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data of demographic characteristics of the subjects, knowledge, attitude and practice related to personal hygiene.The collected data was analyzed using Rank Spearman correlation with the level of significance was set at p< 0.05.Results: This study revealed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge and personal hygiene practice (p=0.016<0.05 and rs=0.358) and attitudes and personal hygiene practice (p=0.027<0.05 and rs=0.267).Conclusions: There is correlation of personal hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices, however, the correlation is weak. [AMJ.2016;3(4):549–55]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.93
Quality Assesment of Antibiotic Prescription for Sepsis Treatment in Intensive Care Unit at Top Referral Hospital in West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Sepsis is a common disease in intensive care unit (ICU) with high mortality rate. Administration of antibiotic has an important role to determine the outcome of sepsis patient. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of antibiotic prescription for sepsis treatment in intensive care unit (ICU). Methods: This descriptive study was conducted by retrieving data from 48 medical records of patients with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock admitted to ICU Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS) in 2013. The study was conducted from August to October 2014. Empiric therapy in the ICUat RSHS and Surviving Sepsis Campaign (SSC) guidelines in 2012 were used as a standard for antibiotic prescription. The quality of antibiotic prescription was assessed then categorized based on Gyssens criteria. The collected data were analyzed in the form of frequency and percentage and presented in tables.Results: This study discovered that most of the patients had severe sepsis and septic shock. Based on Gyssens criteria, 35% antibiotic uses were included into category 0 (proper); 1.4% category I (improper timing); 10.5% category IIA (improper dosage); 9.1% category IIB (improper interval); 3.5% category IIC (improper route); 12.6% category IIIA (improper duration; too long); 1.4% category IIIB (improper duration; too short); 16.8% category IVA (improper; other antibiotics were more effective); 4.2% category IVD (improper; other antibiotics had narrower spectrum); and 5.6% category V (improper; no indication).Conclusions: There are still improper uses of antibiotic for sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock patients in the ICU. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.108
Coverage of Vitamin A Supplementation among Under-Five Children in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor in August 2014
Get PDFBackground: The vitamin A supplementation program conducted every February and August aims to reduce children morbidity and mortality. Mother’s knowledge on the importance of vitamin A is crucial to succeeding this program. This study aimed to examine the coverage of the program among under-five children and the mother’s knowledge about vitamin A supplementation in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor in August 2014.Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving mothers of children aged 6−59 months in eight RWs in Hegarmanah Village. The mothers were interviewed to find out whether their children received vitamin A supplementation. Additional questionnaire-based data about mother’s knowledge on vitamin A was also collected. The subjects in this study were the mothers of 220 under-five children. Data collection was obtained by direct interviews with the mothers during their visit to the Puskesmas or during home visits to children who missed the Posyandu appointments.Results: Two hundred and fourteen (97.27%) children received vitamin A supplementation and only 6 (2.73%) did not. The questionnaires revealed that 94 children (96%) received vitamin A, while 4 (4%) did not. The mother’s level of knowledge in vitamin A was either poor (1%), moderate (37%), or good (62%).Conclusions: The coverage of vitamin A supplementation in Hegarmanah Village reaches 97.27% and the mother’s understanding about vitamin A is generally good. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.107
Relationship between Types of Cervical SpineTrauma and Occurrence of Neurological Deficits
Get PDFBackground: About 3,500 people died each year due to neck injury, according to a study in the USA. Trauma at cervical spine level causes injury in soft tissue, cervical vertebrae, and spinal cord that can cause neurological deficits. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between type of cervical trauma and the occurrence of neurological deficits.Methods: An analytic study was carried out to 121 medical records of patients diagnosed with cervical spine trauma at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in the period of January 2010−December 2012. Data were classified according to age, sex, period of initial visit to hospital, mechanism of trauma, cervical trauma type, fracture’s or dislocation’s location (without any other vertebral injury) and neurological status. The collected data were analyzed using Chi-Square test and presented in tables.Results: There were 121 cases of cervical spine trauma. Most patients were male and in the productive age group (30−44 years). Most of the initial visits to the hospital were in 2010 and most of the mechanism was traffic accident (46.28%), while soft tissue injury was the most common type of cervical trauma (54.54%) and lower cervical vertebrae was the most common location of fractures or dislocations (76.36%). Sixty two patients were recorded with neurological deficits. Chi-Square test of relationship between the type of cervical trauma and the occurrence of neurological deficit was statistically significant (p=0.000).Conclusions: There is relationship between the type of cervical trauma and occurrence of neurological deficits. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.108
Environmental Factors, Knowledge, and Hygiene Behaviour among Mothers: A Slum Area in Bandung City, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: The increased number of population living in urban areas causes the increase of requirement of basic life needs as well as the increase of household and human excreta waste. If these wastes were not well managed, this situation would contaminate the environment. This study aimed to analyze the relatioship between environmental factors, knowledge and hygiene behavior among mothers who lives in Bandung slum area.Methods: An analytic cross sectional study was carried out on 132 mothers who lived in Tamansari subdistrict in Bandung city (RW 06, 07, 15, and 16) from May to October 2014. The primary data were collected using 2 sets of questionnaire and an observation checklist. The environmental factors and knowledge variables were catagorized into good and poor, while hygiene behavior was catagorized into good, moderate, and poor. The collected data were statistically analyzed using Chi-Square test.Results: More than half of the participants had good environmental factors (60.6%), 59 participants (44.6%) had good knowledge about hygiene and 83 participants (62.9%) had good hygiene behavior, 43 participants (32.6%) had a moderate hygiene behavior, and 6 participants (4.5%) bad hygiene behavior. Environmental factors was related to hygiene behavior (p=0.002). However, knowledge was not related to hygiene behavior (p=0.539). Conclusions: Environment is a significant factor to hygiene behavio