Althea Medical Journal
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Nasal Endoscopy Findings in Acute and Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients
Get PDFBackground: According to European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps (EPOS) 2012, rhinosinusitis is diagnosed based on symptoms, nasal endoscopy, and CT scan. The CT scan is the gold standard to diagnose rhinosinusitis, but its high cost and lack of availability become the problems in Indonesia. Hence, nasal endoscopy is a choice to diagnose rhinosinusitis. This study was aimed to describe the findings of nasal endoscopyin in acute and chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was performed using medical record of acute and chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The samples were chosen with consecutive sampling. Inclusion criteria of this study were patients that underwent nasal endoscopy examination in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2014.The collected data were analyzed in the form of tables.Results: Among 138 patients, the number of female patients (55.1%) was higher than male patients. Majority of the patients (37.5%) were 25–44 years old. Majority of the chief complaint was nasal obstruction (48.6%). The patients with allergic history (48.6%) were higher than patients without allergic history (19.6%). According to nasal endoscopy results, nasal discharge and edema were found in most of the patients (68.8% and 63.0%), but nasal polyp was only found in 15.9% patients. Other findings, such as hypertrophy concha or nasal septum deviation, were also found on 87.7% patients. Conclusions: Most of the rhinosinusitis patients are found with at least one of the following results of nasal endoscopy, which are nasal discharge, edema, or nasal polyp.
Relationship between Socioeconomic Demographic Characteristics with Antibiotic Self-Medication in Community Dwelling Adults
Get PDFBackground: Infectious diseases escalation in developing countries especially in Indonesia lead to increasing use of antibiotics in the community. Self-medication with antibiotics may increase the risk of resistant bacteria and irrational use of antibiotics. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between socioeconomic -demographic characteristics with antibiotic self-medication. Methods: An analytical cross sectional study was conducted on people from Sayang Village in West Java Indonesia aged over 18 years and had experience in using antibiotics. A total of 146 respondents were selected as the sample of this study. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analysed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-Square test to analyze the relationship between socioeconomic demographic characteristics with antibiotic self-medication.Results: Out of 146 questionnaires that were completed, 111 were female and 35 male respondents, 75 respondents had experience in using antibiotics without prescription. The survey showed significant relation between antibiotics use with monthly income (p=0,031) and source of income (p=0,009).Conclusions: The study confirms that there is relation between monthly income and source of income with antibiotic self-medication. [AMJ.2017;4(1):73–7]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.102
Geographical Factors in Diagnostic Delay among Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients
Get PDFBackground: Diagnostic delay is a factor that can increase the high burden of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis/Rifampicin known as Xpert is a rapid diagnostic test to detect MDR-TB. Diagnostic delay defined the duration between a positive result of Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear and positive result of MDR-TB by Xpert examination. This study aimed to compare the analysis of the geographical factors in the diagnostic delay of MDR-TB patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital as the top referral hospital in West Java Indonesia.Methods: This study was conducted in the period July−December 2016 using cross sectional design. A total of 152 MDR-TB patient data were collected from medical records of MDR-TB patients registered in MDR-TB clinic at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in the period 2015−2016. The socio-demographic characteristics were collected and analyzed descriptively The diagnostic delay among MDR-TB patients was analyzed by Mann Whitney test.Results: Diagnostic delay of MDR-TB patients was 15 days in median, with a minimal and maximal delay of 2−140 days. There was a significant difference of diagnostic delay between patients from Bandung with a median of 9(2-135) days and patients from outside of Bandung with a median of 18(2-140) days, with p<0.01.Conclusions: MDR-TB patients from outside Bandung have a longer diagnostic delay than patient from Bandung . A further expansion of using Xpert as a rapid diagnostic test for MDR-TB patient is needed
VO2 Max and Back and Leg Muscle Strength Profile of Universitas Padjadjaran Swimming Team
Get PDFBackground: Cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2 max) and back and leg muscle strength are a few components required to support the performance of swimming athlete during competition. The objective of this study was to determine the VO2 max and back and leg muscle strength in high category level of Universitas Padjadjaran swimming team period 2014. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted to 19 swimmers of Universitas Padjadjaran in September 2014. The variables of this study were VO2 max and back and leg muscle strength. Then, the data were categorized based on the standard of The National Sports Committee of Indonesia.Results: The data obtained showed that the VO2 max of the majority of subjects was in the very good category (6/19 subjects) and the back muscle strength of the majority of subjects was in the very good category (10/19 subjects). In contrast, the leg muscle strength of majority of subjects was in the low category (11/19 subjects).Conclusions: The VO2 max and back muscle strength in high category level of the swimming team fulfilled the standard of The National Sports Committee of Indonesia. [AMJ.2016;3(4):499–502] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n
Drug Allergy Clinical Characteristics in Pediatrics
Get PDFBackground: A drug allergy causes a morbidity and a mortality due to its various range of clinical manifestation. Unfortunately, a study focusing in pediatric drug allergy is insufficient, especially in Bandung. Thus, this study is conducted to determine the clinical characteristic of pediatric drug allergy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive study using medical records of pediatric drug allergy patients between 2010–2015 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung taken with total sampling method. The variables were patient age, gender, causative drug, and clinical manifestation. Clinical manifestation was then divided into exanthem, urticaria, erythema multiforme, Steven-Johnson’s syndrome/toxic epidemiolytic necrosis (SJS/TEN), and fixed drug eruption (FDE). Results: Out of 101 patients, only 71 were included in the study due to incomplete medical records of the rest. There were 34 (47.89%) males and 37 (52.11%) females. Patients’ age ranged from 1–18 years old with the mean of 7.4 years old. The most common clinical manifestation was SJS/TEN with 25 (35.21%) patients, followed by exanthem with 22 (30.98%) patients. The most common suspected causative drug was non-steriodal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAID) (24%), followed with penicillin (21%).Conclusions: Most common manifestation of pediatric drug allergy in female is SJS/TEN, meanwhile in male is exanthema. Steven-Johnson’s syndrome/toxic epidemiolytic necrosis mostly occurs at the age group of 12–18 years old, and exanthema at the age group of 0–3 years old. This condition is mostly caused by NSAID and penicillin.DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.109
Histopathologic Distribution of Appendicitis at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, in 2012
Get PDFBackground: Appendicitis is a medical emergency and a common cause of emergency surgeries worldwide. Its frequency is varied based on many factors, including age and sex. Histopathologic examination is a gold standard for diagnosis, and complications like gangrene formation and perforation lead to high mortality and morbidity in almost all age groups. This study was conducted to describe the distribution pattern of appendicitis according to age, sex, and histopathologic type. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Pathology Anatomy, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from August–October 2013. Secondary data were obtained from medical records of January 1st to December 31st, 2012. A total of 503 out of 516 cases were included to be reviewed. Age, sex, and histopathologic type from medical records were then evaluated. Any specific case and perforation were also noted.Results: Data showed the highest prevalence of appendicitis occurred in the 10- 19 age group (28.4%) and in the female group (52.3%). Acute appendicitis was more common than chronic appendicitis in both sexes and all age groups. Perforation rate was high (41.4%), and was more prevalent in male (54.9%) and in the 0–9 age group (65.7%).Conclusions: Appendicitis, both acute and chronic, is more distributed in the second decade, and is slightly more prevalent in females. Acute cases are more common than chronic. Perforation rate is significant and peaks in the first decade and in males. [AMJ.2017;4(1):36–41]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.101
Comparison of Post-Stroke Functional Recovery between Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke Patients: A Prospective Cohort Study
Get PDFpathophysiologic mechanism that underlies each stroke type may give different outcome in post-stroke patients. This study aimed to compare the improvement of functional outcome between both types of stroke among stroke patients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital (RSHS).Methods: Consecutive sampling was carried out on first-ever stroke patients admitted to neurological inpatient unit of RSHS from September 2015 to October 2015. Functional recovery, measured by subtracting Canadian Neurological Scale (CNS) on day-8 and day-1 of admission, was compared among two subgroups and analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test. Baseline characteristics were collected and analyzed.Results: Total of thirteen stroke patients was included in this study: ten ischemic stroke and three hemorrhagic stroke patients. CNS score improvement between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke patients was not significantly different. However, hemorrhagic stroke had higher score than ischemic stroke with 0.30 CNS score difference.Conclusions: CNS improvement between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke was not significantly different. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.106
Health Belief Model Theory Application on Voluntary Counseling and Testing among Homosexual Men in Bandung Greater Area
Get PDFBackground: The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases is high and is constantly increasing. Homosexual men as a transmission niche is not only significant in terms of numbers, but also in natural aspects of anal sex, tropism of HIV-1, and high-risk behavior. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is important for accelerating diagnosis and management plan; yet the uptake on high-risk population in Indonesia is low. A behavior-reasoning theory, Health Belief Model (HBM), attempts to explain whether or not individuals engage in certain health behavior. This study tries to assess participation rate of VCT, to portray HBM variables perception, and to depict significance of HBM variables towards VCT uptake or VCT intention. Methods: This study was conducted in October-November 2014 using cross-sectional design; 127 respondents were gathered according to Respondent Driven Snowball Sampling. This study used an internet-based questionnaire derived from Champion’s 1984 mammogram HBM questionnaire. Privacy and compensation were obtained. The Chi square test and logistic regression of HBM variables were done. Results: The VCT uptake was low (15.7%). Certain sexual experience and commitment were significant (Commitment to Men p=0.027, Oral Sex experience with men p=0.001, Anal Sex Experience with men p=0.038). Chi Square test revealed significance on Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Benefit, and Cues to Action. Conclusions: Uptake of VCT is considerably low compared with total high risk population and other similar studies. Personal Susceptibility to HIV/AIDS is recommended to be emphasized; while VCT Benefit and Cues to Action in young homosexual men communities are better encouraged. [AMJ.2016;3(4):595–604]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.94
Perception of Mothers on Adequate Nutrition
Get PDFBackground: Malnutrition in children less than 5 years old persists around the world. In West Java and one of the districts of West Java (Sumedang), the prevalence of malnutrition is about 18.5% and 15.8% respectively. Numerous factors can lead to child malnutrition. Difficulties in availability, accessibility, acceptability and quality of food can be contributing factors. A good perception of mother on adequate nutrition can improve children’s nutritional status. This study was conducted to study the perception of mothers with children 2 to 5 years old on adequate nutrition. Methods: Most of the respondents had good perception on the aspect of adequate nutrition. Results showed perception on availability was 83.8%, physical accessibility was 97.1%, economical accessibility was 98.6%, information accessibility was 84.8% and acceptability was 81.0%. However, perception of respondents on good quality nutrition for the main meal and additional food was still poor. Moreover, there are taboos for eating shrimp and watermelon. Additionally, children were given snacks in large amount.Results: There was a strong correlation between mid-upper arm muscle area/size and muscular strength (correlation cooefficient 0.746). Moreover, the higher the Body Mass Index, the stronger the muscle strength was to some point. If the BMI was more than 25 kg/m2, this findings did not occurred. Conclusions: This study reveals that the perception of mothers on good quality food is poor regardless the good results on availibility, accesibility and acceptability. [AMJ.2017;4(1):87–93] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.102
Electrocardiogram Profile in Children with Dengue Infection at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Bandung City Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Dengue is a mosquito-borne infection which causes many manifestations on the organs, mainly heart. According to the histopathological analysis in heart, there is a direct action of dengue virus towards myocardium. This study was an initial study of cardiac involvement in dengue infection using electrocardiogram as a measurement tool. Methods: This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study and data collection were performed consecutively. A total of 17 children was taken which had been diagnosed with dengue infection according to World Health Organization criteria and had fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria of this study in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital and Bandung City Local Hospital. Once informed consent was obtained, the electrocardiogram procedure was performed according to standard electrocardiogram procedure in pediatrics. Data were analyzed by a pediatric cardiology consultant. Data were interpreted based on the electrocardiogram characteristics according to the type of dengue infection.Results: P wave amplitude was getting shorter as the severity of dengue infection increased. P wave duration increased slightly with increased severity of dengue infection. There was a significant increase in PR interval as the severity of dengue infection increased. The same was also true for ST and QTc wave.Conclusions: The pattern of electrocardiogram profile in children with dengue infection were within normal range. [AMJ.2016;3(4):629–32] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.95