Althea Medical Journal
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Effect of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs on Liver Damage Based on Alanine Aminotransferase Level in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients
Get PDFBackground: Antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs could cause serious effect such as hepatotoxicity signed by the increase of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) level. Anti-TB drugs are still needed by TB patients who have hepatotoxicity, although clinicians who manage this condition have not recognize whether the advantage of anti-TB drugs is higher than its adverse effect, and there is no data describing about that issue. This study was conducted to discover the liver damage based on the ALT changes before and 12 days after initial anti-TB treatment. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with total sampling of medical records of pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients from 1st January 2013–31th December 2014 at the Department of Internal Medicine of Dr. Hasan Sadikin.General Hospital. From 141 data, only 14 medical records were eligible to be included in this study. The data used were ALT level before and after therapy. These data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test and considered as significant if p<0.05.Results: The median age of the subject study was 48(18-65) years. Among 14 patients, 8 were female and 6 were male. Five out of fourteen patients developed hepatotoxicity. Four out of five developed grade 1 hepatotoxicity and one out of five developed hepatotoxicity grade 4. The analysis of the data showed the differences of ALT level before anti-TB therapy (22(4-447)) and 12 days after initial therapy (18.5(4-1206)) was not significant (p=0.660).Conclusions: There is no liver damage based on ALT changes after anti-TB treatment so the treatment can be continued.
Blood Glucose Level and HbA1C in Pediatric Patients with Diabetes Mellitus Type 1
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common disease found all over the world, including Indonesia. The DM often found in pediatric patients is DM Type 1. The DM patients with uncontrolled blood glucose will likely suffer multiple organ damage, most notably to the kidneys, eyes, heart, and nerves. To help monitor blood glucose levels, lab checkups such as fasting blood glucose, 2 hours postprandial, and Hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) levels are done. The aim of this study was to determine the profile of blood glucose and HbA1C in pediatric patients with DM Type 1.Methods: The study was held in August to October 2014, using descriptive method and cross sectional design. Data were obtained from 28 medical records of DM Type 1 patients in the Department of Child Health at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The variables of this study were blood glucose level and HbA1 in three consecutive examinations. The collected data was presented in tables.Results: The patients were 19 female and 9 male, most of the patients aged between 11–15 years old. Data reported that on first, second, and third examination, most subjects had both fasting blood glucose and 2 hours postprandial blood glucose levels over 180 mg/dl. On first and second HbA1c checkup, most subjects had values over 10%, and on third checkup had results ranging from 8 to 9.9%.Conclusions: Most patients are girls and aged between 11–15 years old. The most have uncontrolled blood glucoselevel and HbA1c levels. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.107
Level of Knowledge about Tuberculosis among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at the Endocrine Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung
Get PDFBackground: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the risk factors for tuberculosis (TB). Knowledge of TB is essential in prevention control for the person at risk. This study aimed to describe the level of knowledge about TB among DM patients.Methods: A cross sectional study was performed involving 72 adult DM patients at the Endocrine Clinic, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The subjects were interviewed using a standardized questionnaire including socio-demographic information and knowledge about TB: manifestation of TB, transmission, treatment, DM-TB co-infections, and status acquiring TB information in the last 12 months. Knowledge was categorized as high, moderate and low if total scores were >75, 56–75 and <56 respectively. Data were presented descriptively as percentage and mean (SD) after testing for the normality of distribution.Results: The mean of age of subjects was 56.6 years, and 55% were female. Most were unemployed (72.2%), had an education background lower than high school (75%), and lived in Bandung (91.7%). The mean score of knowledge was 54.4. Proportion of subjects based on the level of knowledge which is high, moderate and low, were 29.2%, 26.4%, and 44.4% respectively. Conclusions: The level of knowledge about TB among Type 2 DM patients at the Endocrine Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung was low. TB education program among DM patients needs to be improved
Concentration Level Differences between Athletes of Body Contact and Non-Body Contact Sports
Get PDFBackground: Concentration is one of the components of cognitive function, which is important for athletes in all sport branches. Every branch of sports has their own different characteristics, body contact or non-body contact, seen from the aspects of game activity that have direct or indirect physical contact, rules of the sports, behavior of the athlete and psychological demands. Basically, both sports branches need good level of concentration in order to display their best performance. The study aimed to determine the difference of concentration level between athletes of body contact and non-body contact sports. Methods: This study was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design, conducted in the Indonesian National Sport Committee (Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia, KONI) Secretary Office in September 2015. Primary data were taken using the instrumental concentration test namely Grid Concentration Test. One hundred ninety three athletes were obtained and grouped in body contact (111 athletes) and non-body contact sports (82 athletes). Statistical analysis was performed using the non-parametric test of Mann-Whitney.Results: The result showed that the difference in the athlete’s concentration level between body contact and non-body contact sports was not significant (p=0.151). Nevertheless, the data collection of this study showed that body contact sports had a better concentration level than non-body contact sports however the data was not statistically significant.Conclusions: There is no significant difference in concentration level between athletes of body contact and non-body contact sports.
Spatial Ability Differences in Athletes and Non-Athletes
Get PDFBackground: Cognitive processes, specifically spatial abilities, are responsible for integration of daily activities. Many factors contribute to the plasticity of the brain which, furthermore, alter the spatial ability. Physical activity, which can be further grouped into sport and exercise, is a modifiable factor that enhances the cognitive processes through a divergent mechanism. This study aimed to gain further understanding on whether sport differs from exercise in altering spatial ability in athletes and non-athletes.Methods: This observational study compared the spatial ability score of athletes of Indonesia National Sport Comitte (Komite Olahraga Nasional Indonesia, KONI) in West Java (n= 21) and non-athletes (n= 21). Sampling were performed using stratified random technique and data were collected between August and October 2015 which included spatial scores and demographic of subjects.Results: The difference in spatial scores between athletes and non-athletes were not significant (p=0.432).Conclusions: This study suggests an insignificant difference in spatial ability in athletes performing sport and non-athletes performing exercise. Hence, the cognitive component skills in sport experience do not alter the spatial ability. [AMJ.2016;3(4):533–7] DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.93
Detecting the Presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus on Acne Extractor used by Some Beauty Salons in Jatinangor
Get PDFBackground: Over the past few decades, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a major cause of nosocomial infection and has recently emerged in the community. Community associated MRSA (CA-MRSA) have grown drastically over the years and have mostly manifested as a form of skin infection. The MRSA infection usually occurs in individuals with skin lesions serving as a site of entry for the bacteria. The aim of this study was to determine if MRSA is presence on the acne extractor used by some beauty salons in Jatinangor.Methods: A total of 40 samples were taken from 14 beauty salons in Jatinangor from September to October 2013. The samples were then cultured on mannitol salt agar. The isolated colonies were then gram stained, followed by catalase and coagulase test. The colonies having positive for Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were then tested for cefoxitin susceptibility.Results: Overall 3 of the isolates were positive for S. aureus and none were positive for MRSA.Conclusions: Only a small fraction of the isolates are positive for S. aureus and no MRSA is detected.. [AMJ.2017;4(1):64–8]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.163
Treatment Failure of Ampicillin to Children with Pneumonia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from 2014–2015
Get PDFBackground: Pneumonia is one of the causes of death in infants in developing countries especially Indonesia. Appropriate treatment is needed to decrease mortality rate in children due to pneumonia. Ampicillin is one of first choices empirical antibiotic to children with severe pneumonia. The study was aimed to determine the failure rate of ampicillin in children with severe pneumonia.Methods: This study was a descriptive study which used medical records as source of data. Subjects were children aged 2–59 months with World Health Organization (WHO) defined with severe pneumonia and treated with intravenous ampicillin during January 2014 to July 2015 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Samples were obtained using total sampling method while variables were analyzed using statistics software.Results: This study acquired 107 patients who met the inclusion criteria with 23.36% of them aged 2–11 months and 62.21% aged 12–23 months. Majority of subjects were male amounted as 63.55% while female occupied 36.45%. Treatment failure on the third day was 45.8% while 16.7% on the sixth day of therapy with majority failure due to existence of lower chest indrawing.Conclusions: Treatment failure on the third and sixth day of therapy still high that is characterized by the existence of lower chest indrawing as its main factor. [AMJ.2017;4(1):100–6]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.102
Characteristics of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia at West Java’s Top Referral Hospital, Indonesia.
Get PDFBackground: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or neonatal jaundice is a common disorder and considered as one of the main problems in neonatal period worldwide with high incidence, especially in Asia and Southeast Asia region. This study was conducted to determine the characteristics of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia including the prevalence and frequency of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia causes at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2012.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital using the cross-sectional method. Four hundred and twenty five cases of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in hospitalized and outpatients, from 1 January to 31 December 2012 were included in this descriptive study.Results: The prevalence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia was about 4.08%. Causes were identified in 95 cases and the most common cause of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia during this period of time was physiological causes (23.2%). Other causes included neonatal hepatitis (14.7%), other hemolytic causes (13.7%), infection (12.6%), ABO incompatibility (11.6%) and breastfeeding (11.6%).Conclusions: Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia cases are common and remain as one of the neonatal problems in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, thus prevention and proper management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia should be implemented. DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.106
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Prevalence and Characteristics among Administrative Staff at Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung
Get PDFBackground: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a neurologic disease affecting hands, which is closely related to work, and is the most prevalent nerve compression disease. The incidence of CTS quite often occur in people working with their hands, for instance the administrative staff, especially in a busy workplace such as Dr.Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. CTS causes reduction in work productivity, and consequently degrading family welfare and the quality of public service. For that very reason, the prevalence and characteristics of CTS among administrative staff at Dr.HasanSadikin General Hospital Bandung needed to be revealed.Methods: This quantitative descriptive study involved 94 administrative staff in the Medical record department of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital using the Carpal-tunnel.net questionnaire and further examinations by neurologists. Variables involved in this study were the subject characteristics.Results: Out of the 90 subjects, 22 stated having symptoms related to CTS (prevalence, 24.4%). On further clinical examination, 3 were diagnosed of suffering from CTS (prevalence, 3.3%).Conclusions: Carpal tunnel syndrome is found among the administrative staff at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung and the prevalence is lower than in the general population. A further study is required to reveal ther specific division in the hospital with the most prevalent CTS case.DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n2.107
Impact of Comorbidity on Length of Stay of Hospitalized Pneumonia in Children
Get PDF Background: The incidence of pneumonia in children under-five in West Java is high. The average length of stay (LOS) often exceeds the standards set by the Indonesia-Disease Related Group (INA-DRG) because of the comorbidities. It can cause financial loss for the hospital. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of comorbidity on LOS.Methods: Data was collected from medical records of 296 hospitalized pneumonia under-five children in the Department of Child Health Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in the period from January–December 2012 that consisted of patient’s identity, LOS, primary diagnosis, and comorbid diagnosis. Data was selected through inclusion and exclusion criteria and statistically analyzed using the chi-square and Spearman correlation test.Results: Out of 218 subjects, those who had major comorbidities and minor comorbidities was 79 (36.2%) and 39 (17.9%), respectively. The average LOS of those who had major and minor comorbidities was 8.33±8.252 days and 5.95±3.554 days, respectively. Congenital heart disease had the highest and most significant Risk Ratio (RR) with average LOS was 8.00±4.889 days with RR: 1.895 (95% CI:1.339–2.682, p=0.001).Conclusions: Subjects have higher average LOS than the LOS set by the INA-DRG. Congenital heart disease is the most common comorbidity and has the highest and the most significant risk ratio. [AMJ.2017;4(1):42–6]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v4n1.101