Althea Medical Journal
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Alcohol Addiction and Cognitive Function among Café Visitors at South Jakarta
Get PDFBackground: Alcohol addiction has an acute and chronic impact, and may cause cognitive function impairment, in the form of interference in decision making and impulse control, as well as impaired motor function. Furthermore, research on alcohol addiction and cognitive function has not been widely studied in Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to explore the association between alcohol addiction and cognitive function among café visitors at South Jakarta. Methods: This was a cross sectional study, conducted among cafévisitors at South Jakarta in 2018. The respondents of this study were individuals who have consumed alcohol in the last 12 months and not consumed narcotics, psychotropic, and other addictive substances except nicotine and caffeine. Alcohol addiction among respondent was assessed by the CAGE questionnaire and cognitive function was assessed by the MoCA-Ina questionnaire. Statistical analysis was determined by Chi Square test.Results: In total, 80 respondents consisting of 57 men and 23 women met the study criteria, 67.5% of respondents have experienced alcohol addiction and 85.2% have experienced poor cognitive function. There was a strong association between alcohol addiction and cognitive function among café visitors (p=0.000; OR=44.083).Conclusions: Individual with alcohol addiction has a poor cognitive function compared with people without alcohol addiction. Therefore, awareness of the adverse effects of alcohol addiction on cognitive function among community is needed and thus, people are expected to distance from alcohol addiction
Short-term Memory Comparison between Stunted and Non-Stunted Groups
Get PDFBackground: Long-term insufficient nutritional needs will directly impact on the development and maturation of brain function. Disruption of development and maturation process in the brain is associated with decreased cognitive abilities. Frequently, the effect of long-term nutritional insufficiency has also height deficits called stunting.This study aimed to compare the short-term memory between stunted and non-stunted groups.Methods: A comparative study was conducted on 30 children in a non stunted group and 30 children in a stunted group. Children in both groups were selected from one of the elementary schools in Jatinangor using the simple random sampling method toward 3–5 for grade and 8–10 for age groups. The measurement of memory aspects for short-term memory used the Digit Span Test (forward and backward) and Simbol Modality Test. Results: The collected data were in normal and not normal distribution because the statistical test used the independent-t test and Mann-Whitney. The mean memory score comparison between group 1 and group 2 on Digit Span Test Forward was 5.33:5.33 (p=0.994), Digit Span test Backward was 2.73:2.60 (p=0.440), and Symbol Modality Test was 20.90:19.60 (p=0.347).Conclusions: There is no significant difference in short-term memory between stunted and non–stunted groups, due to some confounding factors such as, environmental aspect, parent’s education level, socioeconomic, and genetic factors
Cognitive and Functional Outcome of Patients with Ischemic Stroke at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung
Get PDFBackground: Stroke is the second leading cause of death and adult disability throughout the world in which the risk of cognitive impairment tripled after stroke. Approximately 30% of the patients experience residual disabilities and over half of patients remain physically dependent following a stroke. This study aimed to describe cognitive and functional outcome of patients with ischemic stroke at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung.Methods: This retrospective descriptive study used secondary data from medical records (January-December 2013) of patients with ischemic stroke at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, and was conducted from June–September 2017. Cognitive outcome was determined by the final score of the Indonesia version of MoCA (MoCA-INA), classified into impaired if the score was 26.Whereas functional outcome was determined by degradation of Barthel Index (BI), from complete dependence to independence. Data were analyzed, presented in the form of tables.Results: Out of a total of 91 subjects consisting of 46 female (50.55%) and 45 male (49.45%), the result showed 55 subjects (60.44%) had cognitive impairment with memory (75.82%) as the highest prevalence of impaired cognitive domain. The functional outcome was 34 patients (37.37%) had moderate to complete dependence whereas only 13 patients (14.29%) were independent.Conclusions: Cognitive impairment occurs in more than 75% ischemic stroke patients with memory as the most commonly impaired domain and more than one third of ischemic stroke patients still have moderate to complete dependence in activities of daily living (ADL).
Young to Middle-Aged Adults and Low Education: Risk Factors of Spondylitis Tuberculosis with Neurological Deficit and Deformity at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Incidence of tuberculosis has risen again, including extrapulmonary tuberculosis. Spondilitis tuberculosis is one the most commonly encountered which can cause disability and even death. The aim of this study was to evaluate characteristics of spondilitis tuberculosis patients and probable risk factors.Methods: This was a descriptive, cross sectional study from all medical records of spondylitis tuberculosis patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from January 2012 to December 2013. Variables evaluated were demographic data, history related to tuberculosis, nutrinutional status, patient’s characteristics, and treatments received.Results: Spondylitis tuberculosis represented 65.6% of bone and joints tuberculosis. From 78 cases, the male to female ratio was 1.2:1, and mostly found in young and middle-aged adults (79.6%) between 20−64 years old. Patients’ level of education were mostly elementary school (30.8%) and unemployed. Clinical symptoms were mostly neurological disorders, deformity (kyphotic/gibbus), and tenderness. Predilections sites were thoracal and lumbal vertebrae. Forty eight percents of cases were also sufferring from TB in other organs. Treatments given for these cases were anti tuberculosis drugs (80.8%) and operative procedures (62.8%).Conclusions: Most common clinical manifestations are neurologial deficit, deformity, and tenderness; mostly have pulmonary tuberculosis as a comorbid disease; probable risk factors are young and middle-aged adults, low education level, and unemployment
The Analgesic Effect of Ethanol Extract Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Leaves in Wistar Rats
Get PDFBackground: Pain is an emotional and sensory experience that is unpleasant and related to tissues damage. In the past, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves have been believed to be able to relieve pain. This study aimed to explore the analgesic effect of soursop leaves and its effective dose in an animal model. Methods: Wistar rats (n=25) had been used in this experimental study, divided into 5 groups; consisting of a negative control group, experiment groups using extract soursop leaves with doses of 200mg/kgbw, 400 mg/kgbw and 600 mg/kgbw, and natrium diclofenac as a positive control. One hour after treatment, all groups of rats were induced by carrageenan-lambda in the feet. The basal retraction of rats’ legs was measured in 47oC water and repeated at two, four, and six hours. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. Result: The dose of 200 mg/kgbw had no analgesic effect (p>0.05), while the dose of 600 mg/kgbw had the highest analgesic effect at 7.72 seconds on the 4th hour of induction. On the 6th hour, the dose of 400 mg/kgbw had the highest analgesic effect at 3.58 seconds.Conclusions: Extract soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves in this study have been proven to have an analgesic effect
Demographic and Risk Factors of Intracerebral Hemorrhage Stroke Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2007–2016
Get PDFBackground: Intracerebral hemorrhage stroke is a type of stroke which is considered to have a higher mortality risk than ischemic stroke. Preventive programs are needed to minimize stroke cases by reducing the risk factors. This study aimed to identify the demographic and risk factors of intracerebral hemorrhage stroke patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2007–2016. Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Data were obtained from Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital medical resume January 2007- December 2016 by total sampling. Subjects of this study were intracerebral hemorrhage stroke patients hospitalized in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. The period of study was from August 2016 until May 2017. Variables included in this study were gender, occupation, education level, age; risk factors such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, and kidney disease. The collected data were presented in percentage.Results: The highest demographic prevalence in 10 years was in female, non-occupational person, elementary school graduate, and frequently found in the 50-59 age group. The highest risk factor was hypertension, but it slightly decreased from 78.8% in 2007-2008 to 55.3% in 2015-2016, followed by dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia which increased in 2007-2008 and 2015-2016. (Dyslipidemia: from 8.1% to 23.8%; Hyperuricemia: from 2.5% to11.2%; Diabetes Mellitus: from 6.6% to 8.9%).Conclusions: The demographic of intracerebral hemorrhage stroke shows a high prevalence found in females, older age, non-occupational persons, and elementary school graduates. Among the risk factors, hypertension is most likely to happen in ten years.
Response Time, Decision Time, and Delivery Time in Pediatric Emergency Unit of West Java Top Referral Hospital
Get PDFBackground: The number of visitors at pediatric emergency unit has increased around 25 million per year. This condition caused overcrowded in these units which would disrupt health care process. Waiting time is one indicator of health care quality. Prolonged waiting times is related to patient’s dissatisfaction and poor outcome. The aim of this study was to identify response time, decision time, and delivery time of Pediatric Emergency Unit in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital.Methods: This was a descriptive cross sectional study. Data from medical records of pediatric patients who attend Pediatric Emergency Unit, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from August to September 2015 were collected. The data included sex, age, day of admission, time of admission, insurance status, triage status, disposition of care, response time, decision time, and delivery time. The collected data were analyzed and presented in percentage and peformed in tables. Results: A total of 201 data were collected during study period. The geometric mean of total waiting time in pediatric emergency department was 346.65 minutes (5 hours 46 minutes). Response time had a geometric mean of 4.07 minutes, meanwhile decision time and delivery time had geometric mean of 46.77 minutes and 181.97 minutes, respectively.Conclusions: Total waiting times of pediatric emergency department exceeds the standard time (4 hours). Meanwhile response time and decision time have already met the standard.
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome and Multiple Venous Thrombosis in a Patient with B Cell Lymphoma
Get PDFBackground: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) develops due to external mechanical pressure of superior vena cava (SVC) by a mass lesion or by an enlarged lymph node, tumor invasion of the vessel wall, or venous thrombosis resulting in intraluminal obstruction. Approximately 3,9% of lymphomas are complicated with SVCS. This rate reaches to 7% in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. The objective of this article was to describe a case report of a young woman with a diffuse large B cell lymphoma, complicated with pericardial-pleural effusion and SVCS. Methods: A 25 year old woman referred to the Internal Medicine Clinic of Abant Izzet Baysal University Hospital with complaints of bloating in the neck and both arms. She had chest pain, dyspnea, cough, and epigastric discomfort for 10 days. A thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test and pathological assessment were carried out.Results: A mediastinal mass 64x112x82 mm in size, displaced the heart and main mediastinal structures to posterior, was detected by thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) test. The result of the pathological assessment of the biopsy specimen revealed large B cell lymphoma, stained strongly and diffusely with CD20 and bcl-2. She was referred to the hematology unit and doing well after a chemotherapy.Conclusions: Diagnosis of SVCS requires high level of clinical suspicion, detailed and complete physical examination. Moreover, SVCS should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of patients presented with edema in the neck and upper extremities.
Clinical Manifestations of Systemic Lupus Erythematous in Children at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Systemic Lupus Erythematous (SLE) is an autoimmune disease, characterized by production of autoantibodies, leading to damage caused by inflammation, directed toward multiple organs in the body. It is difficult to diagnose due to its mimicry with other diseases. The differential diagnosis of SLE is broad, including infection, malignancy and other inflammatory disorders. It is important to recognize the clinical manifestation of SLE from other possible diseases.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 56 SLE patientsfrom the Department of Child Health in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, in which the medical records was collected from 2010 to 2014. A total sampling method was used and incomplete records were excluded.Results: Out of the 56 subjects, 82.1% were female, with female to male ratio was 4.6:1. Most of the subjects (52%) was in the age category of 11 to 15 years old. Hematologic involvement was the most common clinical manifestation based on the diagnostic criteria (83.9%), and fever was the most common chief complaint (41.1%).Conclusions: From this study, fever, rash, and joint pain are the common chief complaints among SLE patients in children with hematologic and renal disorders are also found to occur.
Cognitive and Functional Outcome among Hospitalized Intracerebral Haemorrhage Patients in West Java’s Top Referral Hospital
Get PDFBackground: Stroke is the highest cause of disability in adults. Disability and cognitive function impairment cause dependency and decreasing quality of life. The objectives of this study was to describe the outcome of functional and cognitive function among intracerebral haemorrhage patients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2013.Methods: This study was a quantitative descriptive study, conducted from October 2016 to August 2017. Data were collected retrospectively with total sampling method from medical records of intracerebral haemorrhage patients admitted to Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2013 assessed with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment-Indonesian Version (MoCA-INA) and Barthel Index. Patients with incomplete medical records , severe aphasia, severe sensoric-motoric impairment, and decreased consciousness were excluded in this study. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Office Excel 2010 and presented in percentage.Results: Out of the 26 subjects, 11 were men and 15 women , who were in the age range of 45–54 years (42.3%), with low education level (61.5%), and unemployed (61.5%) had the highest prevalence on subjects studied. Hypertension was the most common risk factor (78%). Most subjects had cognitive function impairment (69.2%) with delayed memory function as the most common impairment domain found (84.6%), followed by visuospatial/executive function (69.2%). Most subjects had a high score of dependence according to the Barthel test (61.5%).Conclusions: Two third of intracerebral haemorrhage patients have cognitive function impairment and functional dependence. Memory function is the most common impaired cognitive functional domain.