Althea Medical Journal
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Factors Influencing Outcomes of Children Hospitalized with Acute Severe Malnutrition
Get PDFBackground: Nutrition is still a global health issue, and improving nutrition is among the targets of the Sustainable Developmental Goals (SDGs). One of Indonesia’s SDGs indicators is to reduce prevalence of malnutrition in children. Indonesia, as a developing country, implements a comprehensive malnutrition treatment program for children, including various aspects related to management of children with acute malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to identify factors associated with the outcome of children hospitalized with acute severe malnutrition. Methods: This cross sectional study enrolled 195 children with severe acute malnutrition, admitted to hospital from November 2016 to August 2017. Statistical Analysis was conducted using multivariable logistic regression to identify factors associated with the outcome. Adjusted Ratio with Confident Interval 95% and the value of P <0 .05 was considered significant. Result: A total of 195 children were diagnosed havings acute severe malnutrition. A history of complete immunization status (p value <0.001) was proved to be directly proportional to the recovery rate of patients with acute severe malnutrition. Provision of other types of antibiotic (p value 0.001) showed to increase recovery rates of patients with acute severe malnutrition. Several comorbid diseases reduced recovery rates such as pneumonia (Crude OR 0.619) tuberculosis (Crude OR 0.606) and HIV (p value 0.08).Conclusions: This study shows that although the provided treatments are appropriate with the standard treatment for severe malnutrition, they still encounter high levels of morbidity. Further large-scale studies should be conducted to develop better interventions and management of acute severe malnutrition, in order to achieve better outcome.
Characteristics of Functional Constipation among Kindergarten Students in Kecamatan Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Functional constipation can occur in children and affect their quality of life, but there is still lack of awareness and inability to provide proper management. Therefore, early detection is important. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence of functional constipation among kindergarten students and its risks.Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted from April to May 2017 on kindergarten students in Kecamatan Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia by using questionnaires for their parents. In total, 149 parents joined the study. The questionnaire was made based on the Rome IV Criteria with additional questions for the student’s characteristics comprised of sex, prematurity, allergy, family history of constipation, dietary fiber consumption, and parents’ education level. Descriptive analyses were conducted.Results: The prevalence of functional constipation among the students was 8.7% with the most frequent complaints were retentive posturing (76.9%), hard stool consistency (38.5%), and history of obstructing toilet by stool (38.5%). Characteristics of children with functional constipation were prematurity (15.4%), history of allergy (15.4%), low dietary fiber intake (from fruits, 69.2%, vegetables 84.6%, seeds 100%), and non-university educated parents (father 76.9%, mother 84.6%).Conclusions: Constipation among kindergarten students in Jatinangor is 8.7%, while the most apparent characteristics in constipated children is low dietary fiber intake.
Macrosomic Newborn and Glucose Level in Lean Pregnant Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya
Get PDFBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus, defined as glucose intolerance in variable degree with onset during pregnancy, is a risk factor for the development of fetal macrosomia, a newborn with the birthweight of more than 4000g. The objective of this study was to explore an association between glucose level in lean pregnant diabetes mellitus patients, resulting in babies and the incidence of macrosomia in Dr Soetomo General Hospital in Surabaya.Methods: This was a retroprospective analytic study with a cross sectional design by using medical records at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital Surabaya, collected from January 2016 to December 2017. The correlation between fasting glucose level, 2-hour postprandial glucose and glucose level at the time of birth and weight of newborn was assessed.Results: Controlled and uncontrolled fasting glucose level, 2-hour postprandial glucose level and glucose level at the time of birth of mother were not significantly associated with macrosomia newborns. Macrosomia newborn were born with gestational diabetes mellitus mothers compare with pregestational mellitus mothers.Conclusions: There is no association between macrosomia with glucose level of lean gestational and pregestational diabetes mellitus, however, therapeutic approach such as physical exercise should be implemented to reduce effects of uncontrolled glucose level.
Perception of Universitas Padjadjaran Students towards Psychotic Disorders
Get PDFBackground: Psychotic disorders have a very high incidence in Indonesia and arethe first rank in terms of the global burden of disability. Students are the frontline in the face of society. The formation of stigma and discrimination is rooted from bad perceptions. The aim of this study was to determine and measure Universitas Padjadjaran students’ perceptions towards psychotic disorders and find out why these perceptions can be shaped. Methods: The design of study was a sequential explanatory mixed method research. The population of this study is glittering Universitas Padjadjaran students who were in Jatinangor between batches 2011 to 2013. Samples were taken using cluster and stratified random sampling. Quantitative data retrieval was collected by using a self-administered questionnaire. Next, there would be focused group discussions and in-depth interviews which discussed the results of the quantitative data collection then interpreted them qualitatively. Result: The percentage of students at Universitas Padjadjaran with perception of psychotic disorders in good category was 19.04%, 80.96% unfavorable category, and bad 0% (n=126). Besides various relevant opinion found why these perceptions were formed, such as a lack of education on students towards psychotic disorders, the existence of stigma based on life experience of psychotic patients, the lack of social media and physical campaign towards the psychotic disorders.Conclusions: The perception of Universitas Padjadjaran students towards psychotic disorders is still relatively unfavorable, therefore literation towards psychotic disorders should be provided through education, campaigns, social media utilization by psychiatrists and the government
Characteristics of Elderly Patients with Sarcopenia at Geriatric Outpatient Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Period 2012–2014
Get PDFBackground: Sarcopenia can lead to difficulty in physical activities, therefore, elderly cannot live independently. However, data on sarcopenia are not yet available in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. This study was conducted to identify the frequency of occurrence and characteristics of elderly patients with sarcopenia.Methods: This study used descriptive method and was conducted from May to October 2014. Total sampling method was performed to medical records of elderly patients with sarcopenia at Geriatric Outpatient Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during the period 2012–2014. Variables observed were age, gender, body mass index (BMI), activities of daily living (ADL), timed up and go test (TUG), mini nutritional assessment (MNA), disease record, and medication record. Patients with sarcopenia were then grouped based on characteristics of age, gender, BMI, ADL, TUG, MNA, disease record, and medication record.Results: Out of 255 registered elderly patients, 22(8.63%) were with sarcopenia and one was excluded due to incomplete data. Sarcopenia was most prevalent in patients aged 80 years and older (15.38%), and commonly in men (57.1%). Most patients had hypertension history (66.6%), multiple comorbidities (61.9%), normal BMI (33.3%), normal ADL (85.7%), normal MNA (76.1%), and normal TUG scores (80.9%), and polypharmacy (52.3%) history.Conclusions: Sarcopenia is prevalent in men aged 80 years and older. Although sarcopenia patients have hypertension history, multiple comorbidities and history of polypharmacy, most patients live with normal daily activities and have good body mass index, however, quality of life of elderlies needs to be improved further
Congenital Heart Disease among Down Syndrome Children at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital from 2008 to 2013
Get PDFBackground: Children with Down syndrome are more prone to congenital heart disease due to the consequences of trisomy chromosomal 21 on gene expression. The aim of this study was to determine the pattern of congenital heart disease in children with Down syndrome. Methods: This was a retrospective study of reviewed children with Down syndrome from January 2008 to January 2013 at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia. This study was conducted from August until October 2014. Patients under the age of 15 years and diagnosed having congenital heart disease from 2008 to 2013 were enrolled in this study by using the total sampling method. Incomplete medical records and children who had not performed an echocardiogram were excluded. Sex, age at diagnosis for congenital heart disease, nutritional status and other comorbidities were also examined.Results: Congenital heart disease occurred in 28 children with Down Syndrome. Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was the most common and found in 11 patients followed by a combination of congenital heart diseases in 5 patients. Other 3 patients had Atrioventricular septal defect (AVSD), and Tetralogy of fallot (TOF) was found in 3 patients, 2 patients had Atrial septal defect (ASD) and 1 patient had miscellaneous cardiac defect.Conclusions: The most common CHD in Down syndrome is PDA
Susceptibility to Community Associated Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus: A Preliminary Study
Get PDFBackground: The Staphylococcus aureus infection is a leading cause of infection around the world. Due to the introduction of antibiotics, a strain called Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) has emerged and occured in hospitalized patients worldwide. However around 1990, this infection had been detected among healthy people in the community without previous health care contact, known as community associated MRSA (CA-MRSA). The objectives of this study was to identify the susceptibility to CA-MRSA among people who came to Puskesmas Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia.Methods: A descriptive study using purposive sampling was carried out from September to October 2014 with data obtained through anterior nasal swab of 65 patients from Puskesmas Jatinangor who fulfilled the exclusion and inclusion criteria. Samples were transported to the microbiology lab of Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran and planted on blood agar for culturing, then identified through gram staining, catalase and coagulase tests. Lastly tested for antibiotic resistance and the zone of inhibition measuring ≤21mm were classified as positive MRSA. The collected data were presented using tables.Results: Out of 65 samples that were collected and tested, 17 samples (26%) were Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) carriers; 6 samples (9%) were positive with MRSA isolates; 6/17 of the S. aureus are MRSA.Conclusions: People who come to Puskesmas Jatinangor show a significantly high proportion of susceptibility to CA-MRS
Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior Regarding Homosexualilty among New Students in Universitas Padjadjaran
Get PDFBackground: Homosexualilty has raised a controversy in the society, which commonly has a negative attitude towards homosexual. It is important to develop knowledge and attitude about homosexuality in new students as agents of change. This study aimed to identify the knowledge, attitude, and behavior of new undergraduate students in Universitas Padjadjaran about homosexual.Methods: This was a descriptive quantitative cross-sectional study using primary data obtained from questionnaires, distributed not randomly to new undergraduate students of 2016/2017 academic year in Universitas Padjadjaran (n=122) from October to November 2016. Questions asked were demographic data, knowledge and attitude towards homosexualilty, and homosexual behavior.Results: Respondents had a good knowledge (18%; n=22), average (66.4%; n=81) and low knowledge (15.6%; n=19) about homosexuality and the majority (55.7%; n=68) of respondents had a negative attitude towards homosexuality. A heterosexual behavior had been showed in 92.6% (n=113) respondents, and 7.4% (n=9) had a heterosexual dominant behavior.Conclusions: In our new undergraduate students’ community, the majority has average knowledge, however, with a negative attitude towards about homosexuality. The role of new students as agents of change is to educate the community to prevent potential health issues. The developing of knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards homosexual through a holistic education from health workers should be promoted.
Knowledge and Attitude of Women in Reproductive Age toward Clubfoot in Cikeruh Village, Jatinangor Sub−district in 2014
No full textBackground: Clubfoot is a congenital anomaly which the ankle is twisted outward from the normal position. Clubfoot is the most common birth defect that can cause disability in the world. 150.000 – 200.000 babies are born with clubfoot every years. Clubfoot is a neglected disease. Immediate intervention is needed to treat the patient with Clubfoot. One of the most common barrier of the treatment is the knowledge and attitude of the society about Clubfoot. This study aimed to know the knowledge and attitude of the society especially women with reproductive age toward clubfoot in Cikeruh village Jatinangor sub−district in 2014.Methods: This research was conducted to 100 women with reproductive age with age interval 15−49 years old which live in Cikeruh village Jatinangor in 2014 with purposive sampling method. A questionnaire was used as instrument to collecting data which is later categorized by good, fair, and low for the knowledge and positive and negative for attitude.Results: From 100 sample women of reproductive age in Cikeruh village at 2014 who were asked about clubfoot, 39% had a good knowledge and 61% had a fair knowledge. There were 42% of respondent who had a negative attitude toward clubfoot and 58% had positive attitude.Conclusion: Majority sample women of reproductive age in Cikeruh village at 2014 have a fair knowledge about clubfoot. The ratio between positive and negative attitude toward clubfoot is almost 1:1 because of the minimal differences.
Pulmonary Function of Tuberculosis Patients in Medication at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung 2013–2014
Get PDFBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) is a dangerous global disease that already affects millions of people in the world and acts as the second most frequent cause of death in infectious diseases. Tuberculosis mostly attacks the lung and the inflammation process causes lung damage. The lung damage causes a decrease in pulmonary function. There has been no study about tuberculosis patient lung function in the advanced stage of medication.Methods: This study was conducted from August–October 2014 at DOTS Policlinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The study population was lung TB patients. The inclusion criteria were 1st category lung TB patients with anti-TB drug treatment on intensive phase. The exclusion criteria were extrapulmonary TB patients, patients with lung surgery history, and patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study used purposive sampling. The subjects were given a spirometry test where the forced expiratory volume 1 second (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC), and their ratio were collected and then interpreted.Results: Among the 60 subjects included in this study, the data showed that 83.4% of the subjects had a decreased pulmonary function consisting of obstructive (6.7%) and restrictive patterns (76.7%).Conclusions: The majority of pulmonary TB patients treated with 1st category anti-TB drugs during intensive phase have a decrease in pulmonary function and most of them have restrictive pattern of pulmonary function