Althea Medical Journal
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Antituberculosis Drug-induced Hepatotoxicity in Pediatric Tuberculosis
Get PDFBackground: Hepatotoxicity is the most serious side effect caused by using oral antituberculosis (OAT) drugs. This study was performed to determine the characteristics of patients who had antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ADIH) among pediatric inpatient with pulmonary tuberculosis.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a total sampling of medical records taken from January–December 2012, including pediatric pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients aged <14 years old at the Department of Child Health of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The inclusion criteria were children with pulmonary tuberculosis who received OAT drugs. Patients with liver disease were excluded. Data on alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were collected and an increased level of serum aminotransferase was designated as hepatotoxicity.Results: In total, 86 medical records were obtained of whom 24 had ADIH, predominantly occurred in girls (71%), aged 5–9 years old (42%) and in the intensive phase of therapy (58%). Elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (58%), aspartate aminotransferasen (92%), and bilirubin (0.8%) were found. Malnutrition (46%) was common. The difference indeviation of liver function was statistically significant (p<000) between subjects with and without ADIH.Conclusions: Hepatotoxicity is most prominent in patients with malnutrition, girls aged 5–9 years old and in the intensive phase of therapy. Children with malnutrition during antituberculosis therapy are suggested to have a periodic liver function test monitoring to prevent the development of ADIH.
Knowledge toward Drugs Resistant Tuberculosis in One of the Highest Burden Drug Resistant Country
Get PDFBackground: Drug resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is the biggest threat in TB case control worldwide. West Java Province is one of the three provinces with the most DR-TB burden in Indonesia. Knowledge level in DR-TB patients influences the perception, health search effort, and patient compliance towards DR-TB treatment. This study was aimed to identify the knowledge level about DR-TB in DR-TB patients at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive quantitative study used consecutive sampling. In the study 96 patients were included. Primary data were collected through interview with questionnaire towards DR-TB patients at MDR-TB Clinic Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during September-November 2016. The questionnaire contained sociodemographic data and knowledge about DR-TB which consisted of definition, transmission, risk factors, resistance types, symptoms, medication, and prevention of DR-TB. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software for descripitive statistical analysis.Results: The average age of patients was 38 years (SD±11.7) and mostly ranging from 36–45 years old. Male had a higher distribution compared to female (55.2%). Analysis results showed 20% patients had “Adequate” knowledge level, 34.4% of the patients had “Sufficient” knowledge, and 39.6% of the patients had “Poor” knowledge about DR-TB.Conclusions: DR-TB patients at MDR-TB Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung have “poor” knowledge regarding DR-TB.
Congenital Heart Disease Characteristics in Low Birth Weight Infants at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital in 2010–2014
Get PDFBackground: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease defined as an anomaly in the macroscopic structure of the heart that may cause functional disorders. The incidence of CHD is reported higher in infants with low birth weight (LBW) than the entire population of neonates. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of CHD in infants born with LBW.Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, performed in October–November 2015. Data were obtained from medical records of inpatients infants at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung in the period of 2010–2014. The data presented were the characteristics of CHD in LBW infants.Results: Of 364 LBW infants treated in the hospital within 5 years period, 21 infants (14 girls and 7 boys) were diagnosed as CHD, with birth weight group predominantly (n18; 85.7%) in the range of 1,500–2,499 gr. Non-cyanosis CHD was prevalent in 95.2% (n20),and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)was found in 76.1% (n16). Comorbid conditions mostly found in this study were preterm birth (n17), sepsis (n10), and neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (n9).Conclusions: The most common type of CHD in low birth weight infants in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital is Patent Ductus Arteriosus. The presence of congenital heart disease should be considered in low birth weight infants, thus it is essential to perform screening for early recognition.
Quality Of Life of Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients after Total Laryngectomy
Get PDFBackground: Management of laryngeal carcinoma has been widely developed, either by surgery, radiotherapy, and/or chemotherapy. The treatment has a major impact on physical, social, and psychological health that can change the quality of life of patients. This study aimed to determine the quality of life of laryngeal carcinoma patients after total laryngectomy.Methods: This descriptive study was conducted from May to August 2018. Patients with post total laryngectomy at the Division of Ear, Nose, Throat, Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung were recruited. Short Form 36 (SF-36) Study Questionnaire and the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Head and Neck Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-H & N35) were used, and data were presented in the form of descriptive narratives and tables.Results: In total, 23 patients were included consisting of 19 men (82.61%) and women (17.39%), aged 56-65 years old. The mean score of quality of life in physical components of SF-36 was 87.55 ± 2.35 and in mental components was 85.35 ± 3.92. The highest score of quality of life of EORTC QLQ-H & N35 on the speech problem scale was 51.69 ± 6.36. Conclusion: The quality of life of laryngeal carcinoma patients after total laryngectomy is generally good, however, speech is the main problem and needs to be further elaborated to enhance the quality of life
Identification of Enteric Bacterial Pathogens in Beverages Sold By Hawkers around Jatinangor, Bandung
Get PDFBackground: Water is essential for life and is considered as a medium for the propagation and dissemination of bacteria. Water-borne disease is one of the problems in Indonesia, therefore, this study was conducted to explore the presence of enteric bacterial pathogens in the beverages sold by hawkers.Methods: A descriptive laboratory method was conducted in September 2015 Beverages were collected from hawkers that were randomly chosen around Jatinangor using sterile containers, and brought to the laboratory within 1 hour. The beverages were incubated on Mueller Hinton Broth, followed by culturing on MacConkey Agar. The organisms were identified using Gram Staining, Kliger Test, Motility-Indole-Urease test and Citrate test.Results: Out of 30 samples collected, 2 of the samples were tested positive for enteric bacterial pathogen Salmonella paratyphi. Furthermore, Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=12), Enterobacterspp (n=10) Alcaligenes faecalis (n=3) and Pseudomonas spp. (n=3) were detected in the samples.Conclusions: The Salmonella paratyphi as enteric bacterial pathogen found in the beverages sold by hawkers has potential to cause water-borne disease. Education to hawkers need to be enhanced
The Distribution of Meningioma in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung Period 2010–2013
Get PDFBackground: In neurological diseases, brain tumor is the second leading cause of death after stroke, of which the most common types of brain tumor is meningioma. There are many factors affect the prognosis of meningioma patient, including age, gender, location, and histopathological type of tumor. This study aimed to explore the distribution of meningioma based on age, gender, location of the tumor, and its histopathological type during the period of 2010–2013 in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung.Methods: This study was a quantitative descriptive study and data were collected from medical records of Department of Pathology between January 2010-December 2013. Age, gender, location, and histopathological type of meningioma were acquired. Results: There were 277 eligible cases of meningioma with an average number of cases per year were 69 cases. The ratio of men to women was 1:6.4. Meningioma was most commonly found in the age group 4150 years (38.9%), and mostly located in convexity (55.96%). The most common histopathological type of meningioma was meningotheliomatous meningioma (70%).Conclusions: The frequency of meningioma is 6 times higher in women, predominantly around the age of 50 years old. Meningioma is most commonly found in convexity, and meningotheliomatous meningioma is the most common histopathological type.
Effect of Carica Papaya L Leaf Infusion on Transporting Glucose across Small Intestine Cell Membrane of Wistar Rats Model
Get PDFBackground: Carica papaya L leaf is one of the common types of plant that has been used as treatment for diabetes mellitus (DM). The leaf possibly contain quercetin, which may inhibit glucose transport through cell membrane of small intestine. This study was conducted to determine the effect of Carica papaya L leaf infusion on glucose transport in Wistar rat model.Methods: A one-group pretest-posttest explorative study was designed using perfusion method. Nine male rats were fasted for 18-24 hours before dissected. A 25 mL glucose solution was given as early control, before Carica papaya L leaf infusion treatment A 25 mL glucose solution was later given again after Carica papaya L leaf infusion as late control. Artificial perfusion equipment had been used to maintain the back and forth flow of glucose in the small intestine. Sample was taken every 15 minutes for one hour for each treatment.Results: Carica papaya L leaf infusion did not decrease the concentration of glucose absorption significantly compared to early control. The mean absorption of glucose in early control was 85.39+4.42 mg/dl and during treatment was 84.51+4.20 mg/dL.Conclusions: Carica papaya L leaf infusion does not have significant inhibiting effect on glucose transport across small intestine cell membrane. Further explorative study is required
Low Knowledge and Negative Perception about the Risks of Breast Cancer among Female High School Students
Get PDFBackground: Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women. The potential risk factor is older age, however, the prevalence at a young age is recently increased. Unfortunately, young women show a poor level of knowledge about breast cancer. This study aimed to explore the knowledge and perception among female high school students about the risks of breast cancer.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2013 in Jatinangor. One hundred and eighteen (n118) female students from three senior high schools were included in this study. Data on mother’s educational status, family income, family history of breast cancer and number of a family members living in the same house was collected. Knowledge and perception toward risks of breast cancer were assessed using a validated questionnaire.Results: Most of the students (69.5%) had a poor level of knowledge about breast cancer. Furthermore, they also had a negative perception (43.2%) toward breast cancer’s risks. Factor influencing their perception was family income (p=0.012) and knowledge about breast cancer (p=0.008).Conclusions: Young female high school students have low knowledge and negative perception about the risks of breast cancer. It is recommended that education about breast care and breast cancer should be given to high school female students to improve their knowledge and to early detect abnormality in their breast.
Exclusive and Non-Exclusive Breastfeeding among Stunted and Normal 6–9 Month-Old-Children in Jatinangor Subdistrict, Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Stunting has become a public health problem in Indonesia, with the prevalence of stunting is 37.2% nationally and 25.6% in West Java. One of the causes of stunting is malnutrition that may occur because of not giving exclusive breastfeeding on the first 1000 days of life (FDL). The purpose of this study was to determine whether there was difference between exclusive and non-exclusive breastfeeding among stunted and normal 6–9 month-old-children. Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-sectional analytic study during August-October 2018 with consecutive sampling method. This study involved 110 pairs of mothers and children aged 6-9 months who resided in villages which were within the work area of Jatinangor Public Health Center. Nutritional status was determined based on length-for-age z score according to WHO. The type of breastfeeding was known based on the questionnaire. Data was analyzed by chi square test. Result: There were 60 of 110 children (54.5%) who did not receive exclusive breastfeeding. The incidence of stunting in children was 12.7% (14 of 110), of whom 10 children had no exclusive breastfeeding (p>0.05).Conclusions: Although the incidence of stunting is higher in non-exclusive breastfeeding group, there is no difference in the proportion of stunting in children aged 6–9 months between those who are exclusively breastfed and those who are not, however, exclusive breastfeeding is encouraged
Pharmacological Treatment Pattern and Comorbidities in Parkinson’s Disease Outpatients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in 2013–2018
Get PDFBackground: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of many neurodegenerative diseases with symptomatic management, and with the correct pattern of pharmacological treatment PD may have an improved quality of life for a minimum of three years. This study aimed to illustrate treatment patterns and comorbidities in PD patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive study by using total medical records of the period of 2013 to 2018. PD patients receiving pharmacological treatments such as levodopa, anticholinergics, dopamine agonists, or combined therapy were included. Patients with incomplete data and with the previous history of other neurological diseases before PD were excluded from this study.Results: In total, there were 57 patients with PD, of whom most of them were males (79%). Age-wise, PD was most common in 60 to 69-year-olds (32%). The most commonly used treatment pattern was the administration of levodopa (33%). Patients aged younger than 30 years were administered anticholinergics, whereas the older patients (>60 years old) mostly were given levodopa. Comorbidities after PD diagnosis were mostly stroke, dementia, and epilepsy.Conclusions: Males are most affected by PD, and the most commonly used treatment pattern is levodopa monotherapy. PD is most commonly found in patients aged 60 to 69 years. Patients aged below 30 years are administered anticholinergics. The most common comorbidities found are a stroke, followed by dementia and epilepsy. By recognizing the patterns and comorbidities of this disease, the study may provide some insights into choosing the most effective pharmacological therapy for PD.