Althea Medical Journal
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Correlation between Maternal Hemoglobin Level and Birth Weight
Get PDFBackground: Pregnant women are susceptible to have anemia, marked by hemoglobin level <11gr/dL. Maternal hemoglobin levels may influence the nutritional transfer, oxygenation, and uteroplacental circulation of the babies which may affect the infant’s birth weight. This study aimed to explore the correlation between hemoglobin level and birth weight in pregnant women in rural area in Bandung.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from August to September 2014, recruiting all pregnant women registered in a hospital in a rural areas Bandung. Hemoglobin level was obtained from the medical records and analyzed to correlate with birth weight (Pearson correlation).Results: In total, there were 95 pregnant women included. The mean of maternal hemoglobin level was 11.6±1.2gr/dL and birth weight was 2.927±398gram. The proportion of maternal anemia and low birth weights were 30.5% and 15.8%, respectively. Pearson correlation test showed r=-0.093 and p=0.369 which was not significant.Conclusions: There was no correlation between maternal hemoglobin level and birth weight. Other factors for low maternal hemoglobin need to be further explored.
Profile of Nutritional Status and Nutrient Intake among Children with Cerebral Palsy in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung
Get PDFBackground: Children with Cerebral Palsy have abnormalities in the motoric function that cause feeding problems and higher energy requirements compared to normal children. These problems put the patients at risk of getting inadequate nutrient intake, leading to malnutrition and thus affecting the health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the nutritional status and nutrient intake among children with Cerebral Palsy.Methods: Children with Cerebral Palsy who came for a rehabilitation program in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung were recruited from September–October 2014. Descriptive quantitative study design was performed. Nutritional status was determined by body weight and body height or length if the children could not stand upright to calculate Z-scoreBMI-for-age and Length/Height-for-age according to WHO. Undernutrition was determined when Z-score≤ -2; stunting was designated as height below the average of their age; whereas wasting as a weight. A repeated 24 hours of food recall was used to measure nutrient intake.Results: There were 18 children with Cerebral Palsy, consisting of boys (n=7) and girls (n=11). Only 33.3% of patients had good nutritional status, the others (n12; 67.7%) were under nutrition; of whom stunting (n7) was found, followed by wasting (n3) and both stunting and wasting (n2). These under nutrition patients had predominantly a lower energy and carbohydrate intake.Conclusions: Most of the Cerebral Palsy children are in under nutrition status due to a low energy and carbohydrate intake, therefore, special attention in mother education for the food pattern of their children needs to be raised.
Comparison of Intelligence based on Short-term Memory Test between Urban and Rural Children
Get PDFBackground: Cognitive development occurs during childhood and this development is influenced by various environmental factors such as urban and rural environments which can affect child cognitive development. Short-term memory is very important as the first step in processing new information to do cognitive tasks. The aim of this study was to compare the short-term memory of children coming from an urban and rural area.Methods: A cross-sectional design was performed in this observational analytical study, conducted from September to October 2014 in Jatinangor. Students from elementary school students in an urban and rural area in Jatinangor were selected, using a stratified random sampling method. The Digit Span Forward, Backward, and Symbol Digit Modality Test (SDMT) were used to measure short-term memory. Mann-Whitney test and independent T-test were used in this research.Results: There was no significant difference in Digit Span Forward score between urban and rural boys (p=0.564); and girls group (p=0.982). On the contrary, Digit Span Backward score among urban boys (p=0.007) and urban girls (p=0.006) was significantly higher compared to those living in the rural areas. Similarly, a significantly higher score of SDMT in the urban areas was found compared to rural for boys (p=0.011) and girls (p=0.026).Conclusions: Intelligence based on a short-term memory test, consisting of Digit Span Backward and Symbol Digit Modality Test, is higher in urban children compared to children in the rural areas
Parents’ Knowledge and Children’s Toilet Training Practices: Study in Kindergartens in Jatinangor
Get PDFBackground: Constipation has serious threats for children, however, this condition can be treated by toilet training. The level of parents’ understanding of defecation affects the success of the training to reduce the symptom of constipation. This study aimed to assess the knowledge of the parents and their children’s practice in toilet training at kindergarten. Methods: This was an analytic study with a cross-sectional method which conducted at kindergartens in Jatinangor, selected by a total random sampling method. A self-made validated questionnaire was distributed to parents asking about knowledge and toilet training. Incomplete answer sheets and parents who did not come to school by the time of the study were excluded. Result: In total, 111 parents returned the questionnaire, and most of the parents (98.19%) had good knowledge regarding toilet training. Moreover, most of the children (96.39%) were also good at practicing the toilet training. There was a strong and significant correlation between parents’ knowledge and the children’s practice of toilet training with coefficient correlation 0.701 and p-value <0.05.Conclusions: Good knowledge of parents help the children practicing toilet training, therefore, education to new parents is necessary
Correlation between Serum Uric Acid and HbA1c Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Get PDFBackground: Indonesia ranks fourth among countries with the highest number of diabetics. Increasing evidence suggests that hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes. Some observational studies have identified elevated uric acid concentration as a risk factor for diabetes, while others have found an inverse relationship. The present study was conducted to discover the strength and the direction of the correlation. Methods: This study was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted from May to October 2014. The study subjects were 56 medical records of new outpatients diagnosed with T2DM in the Internal Medicine Polyclinic who underwent laboratory examination at the Clinical Pathology Unit of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, January-December 2013. Result: The correlation between HbA1c and uric acid levels on the whole subject revealed a weak but significant negative correlation (r=-0.354, p=0.007). There was an insignificant negative correlation in male subjects (r=-0.405, p=0.120); in female subjects (r=-0.319, p=0.05), the correlation was a weak but insignificant negative correlation.Conclusions: There is a weak correlation between HbA1c and uric acid levels in patients with Diabetes Mellitus type 2.
Effects of Ageratum conyzoides Leaf Decoction on Glucose Absorption in Rat’s Small Intestine
Get PDFBackground: Obesity is one of the health problems caused by excessive glucose intake which exceeds normal body requirement. To prevent health problems, Indonesian natives used traditional herbs, such as Ageratum conyzoides (billygoat weeds). The study aimed to discover the effect of Ageratum conyzoides leaf decoction on glucose absorption in the small intestine of rats.Methods: An experimental study was conducted at the Biochemical Laboratory of Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Two groups of six rats were given Ageratum conyzoides leaf decoction with dosages 0.89 and 1.33 g/kgbw respectively. Each rat was given glucose solution as a control, decoction administration along with the glucose solution, and glucose solution again to discover the effect of decoction in the absorption function after the administration of decoction was discontinued. Glucose absorbed by the intestine was measured every 15 minutes in 1 hour after the administrationof the solution.Results: Glucose absorption was impeded in dosage 1 and 2 with a mean of the gap between glucose absorbed concentration before given decoction and after given decoction were 73.97 and 45.09 mg/dl respectively. Analysis using paired t-test resulted in insignificant meaning (p-value of dosage 0.89 g/kgbw=0.08; p-value of dosage 1.33 g/kgbw=0.06). In the last glucose perfusion, absorption increased in both dosages after administration of decoction was discontinued.Conclusions: Ageratum conyzoides leaf decoctioncan inhibit the glucose absorption in the small intestine but is not statistically significant. Further investigation may be needed by using a higher concentration of Ageratum conyzoides and/or other filtration methods
Health-Seeking Behavior of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Patients in Several Hospitals in Bandung West Java Indonesia
Get PDFBackground: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is one of the major global public health problems. Secondary prevention of dengue fever must be conducted to prevent high mortality rate by giving appropriate diagnosis and early management. This study was conducted to identify health-seeking behavior in dengue hemorrhagic patients and its related factors.Methods: This study involved 98 dengue hemorrhagic patients from four hospitals in Bandung region during July until November 2014. The hospitals were 2 public hospitals and 2 private hospitals. A questionnaire and in depth interview were used to collect the data.Results: Among 98 patients, 54 patients (55%) sought a right medical treatment timely, whereas 44 patients (45%) delayed. The first seeking behaviour to treat the disease was using over-the-counter drugs, followed by visiting a private clinic doctor. The second choice to seek health care was going to a private clinic doctor and hospital.Conclusions: Health-seeking behavior in dengue hemorrhagic patients in Bandung is inappropriate which can cause delay in treatment.
Knowledge and Attitude as Factors Affecting Regularity of Antenatal Care Visits
Get PDFBackground: Maternal mortality ratio and infant mortality rate in Indonesia are still high and far from the Millennium Development Goals target. One of the solutions is by making regular antenatal care visits. Factors affecting antenatal care are knowledge and attitude. This study aimed to analyze the influence of knowledge and attitude about antenatal care toward regularity of antenatal care visit.Methods: This analytic study was conducted by using the rapid survey through cross-sectional approach. The study population was pregnant women in Cipacing Village, Jatinangor Sub-district, with 55 samples. Questionnaires were distributed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude, and Kartu Menuju Sehat observation was conducted to investigate antenatal care visit.Results: Out of 55 respondents, 26 had good knowledge, 25 had fair knowledge, and 4 had poor knowledge. Only 13 respondents had a good attitude level, while 42 had fair attitude, and none with poor attitude. As many as 46 respondents did antenatal care visits regularly, while 9 did not. Logistic regression analysis showed that knowledge and attitude had no significant influence towards regularity of antenatal care visit, with influence only approximately 2%. Conclusions: Knowledge, attitude, and regularity of antenatal care among respondents are good enough. Knowledge and attitude are not the dominant factors that affect the regularity of antenatal care visit. Thus a further study is needed to identify the other factors.
Muscle Mass Difference among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease Stage 3 to Stage 5
Get PDFBackground: Low muscle mass is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), that may occur due to the accumulation of uremic toxins and other mechanisms related to CKD. The aim of this study was to explore the difference of muscle mass among CKD patients stage 3 to stage 5.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with comparative analysis, using secondary data collected during the year 2017 by total sampling method. Subjects were patients aged over 18 years with CKD stage 3 to stage 5 from three hospitals in Bandung. Chronic Kidney Disease stages were determined based on Glomerular Filtration Rate. Muscle mass data was determined using Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis, collected from previous research. Data were analyzed usingone-way ANOVA or Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: One hundred subjects consisting of 57 men and 43 women were included in in this study with the mean muscle mass was 26.29%±4.86, of whom 67% of the patients had low muscle mass. There was no difference between male (27.21%±3.82) and female (28.36%±4.67). The muscle mass among patients withCKD stage 3 to stage 5 showed no significant results (p>0.05).Conclusions: There is no difference in muscle mass among CKD stage 3 to stage 5
Malnutrition in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung
Get PDFBackground: Non-hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) has the highest prevalence among hematologic malignancies. The prognosis and response to therapy in NHL patients may worsen in the presence of malnutrition. The aim of the study was to describe the malnutrition status in NHL patients. Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study. Nutritional status was assessed using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) obtained from the medical records of all NHL patients at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital registered in 2017.Results: In total, there were 78 medical records of NHL patients that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All NHL patients had experienced malnutrition, categorized as mild-moderate malnutrition (70.5%) and severe malnutrition (29.5%). In NHL patients with mild-moderate malnutrition, 29% had 5–10% weight loss; 60% had suboptimal solid diet; 56.4% experienced anorexia; and 50.9% had subcutaneous fat loss. In NHL patients with severe malnutrition, 78.3% had more than 10% weight loss; 73.9% had suboptimal solid diet; 78.3% experienced anorexia; and 100% had subcutaneous fat loss.Conclusions: Based on subjective assessment, all NHL patients were malnourished and experienced change of food intake and loss of subcutaneous fat, therefore, a better nutritional support scheme are crucial for NHL patients